DEFAR - Departamento de Farmácia

URI permanente desta comunidadehttp://www.hml.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/530

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    In vitro interaction of polyethylene glycol‐block‐poly (D,L‐lactide) nanocapsule devices with host cardiomyoblasts and trypanosoma cruzi‐infective forms.
    (2022) Siqueira, Raoni Pais; Milagre, Matheus Marques; Oliveira, Maria Alice de; Branquinho, Renata Tupinambá; Torchelsen, Fernanda Karoline Vieira da Silva; Lana, Marta de; Machado, Marina Guimarães Carvalho; Andrade, Margareth Spangler; Bahia, Maria Terezinha; Mosqueira, Vanessa Carla Furtado
    Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important public health problem in Latin America. Nanoencapsulation of anti-T. cruzi drugs has signifcantly improved their efcacy and reduced cardiotoxicity. Thus, we investigated the in vitro interaction of polyethylene glycol-block-poly(D,L-lactide) nanocapsules (PEG-PLA) with trypomas- tigotes and with intracellular amastigotes of the Y strain in cardiomyoblasts, which are the infective forms of T. cruzi, using fuorescence and confocal microscopy. Fluorescently labeled nanocapsules (NCs) were internalized by non-infected H9c2 cells toward the perinuclear region. The NCs did not induce signifcant cytotoxicity in the H9c2 cells, even at the highest concentrations and interacted equally with infected and non-infected cells. In infected cardiomyocytes, NCs were distrib- uted in the cytoplasm and located near intracellular amastigote forms. PEG-PLA NCs and trypomastigote form interactions also occurred. Altogether, this study contributes to the development of engineered polymeric nanocarriers as a platform to encapsulate drugs and to improve their uptake by diferent intra- and extracellular forms of T. cruzi, paving the way to fnd new therapeutic strategies to fght the causative agent of Chagas disease.
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    A participação das mulheres em políticas hídricas no município de Ouro Preto/MG.
    (2022) Rosa, Alexsandra Matilde Resende; Guarda, Vera Lúcia de Miranda; Alves, Kerley dos Santos
    Embora haja um expressivo número de normas jurídicas com o objetivo de combater a desigualdade em razão de gênero em todos os setores, as desigualdades persistem, o que ocorre também na gestão da água. Para preencher essa lacuna, a participação das mulheres nos conselhos e nas tomadas de decisões em relação aos recursos hídricos é uma das principais formas de garantia de acesso à água de forma mais igualitária. A participação delas possibilita também o empoderamento, proporcionando-lhes maior possibilidade de exercer poder e cidadania no espaço público, bem como uma maior legitimidade das normas jurídicas e maior eficácia das políticas públicas. Nesse trabalho foi realizado uma pesquisa de campo com conselheiros/as e trabalhadores/as que atuam na gestão da água em Ouro Preto/MG. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e analisados. As análises dos dados apontaram a necessidade do aumento da participação das mulheres nas organizações e conselhos, tanto em número, quanto também, na ocupação de postos responsáveis pelas tomadas de decisões. A luta pela superação das diferenças, não se trata de uma luta exclusiva das mulheres, mas também dos homens, coautores e construtores das transformações sociais.
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    Women’s participation in water policies, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
    (2022) Rosa, Alexsandra Matilde Resende; Guarda, Vera Lúcia de Miranda; Alves, Kerley dos Santos
    Although there is an expressive number of legal norms in order to combat gender inequality in all sectors, inequalities persist, which also occurs in water management. In order to fill this gap, the participation of women in councils and decision-making in relation to water resources is one of the main ways of guaranteeing access to water in a more equal way. Their participation also enables empowerment, providing them with greater possibility of exercising power and citizenship in the public space, as well as greater legitimacy of legal rules and greater effectiveness of public policies. In this work, the case study was carried out with counselors and workers working in water management in Ouro Preto/MG. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed. Data analysis pointed to the need to increase the participation of women in organizations and councils, both in number and in the occupation of positions responsible by decision-making. The struggle to overcome differences is not an exclusive struggle from women, but also from men, co-authors and builders of social transformations.
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    Estruturas e representações sobre a desigualdade de gênero na gestão da água em Ouro Preto/ MG : uma análise da percepção de conselheiros e gestores dos órgãos municipais.
    (2022) Rosa, Alexsandra Matilde Resende; Guarda, Vera Lúcia de Miranda; Alves, Kerley dos Santos
    O artigo analisa a participação das mulheres na gestão das águas no município de Ouro Preto/MG, identificando se na percepção dos funcionários e conselheiros existem desigualdades de gênero nas estruturas organizacionais dos órgãos e conselhos em que atuam e se os entrevistados reconhecem diferenças relativas a papéis de gênero na esfera pública e privada. Em relação à classificação metodológica se trata de uma pesquisa aplicada, quantitativa, descritiva e de levantamento. A coleta de dados foi através da aplicação de questionários, que foram respondidos por 48 conselheiros e 72 funcionários dos órgãos responsáveis pela gestão da água no município. Os órgãos e conselhos que participaram do estudo foram: SEMAE, COMUSA, CODEMA, Secretária Municipal de Meio Ambiente e Subcomitê de Bacia Hidrográfica - Nascentes. Conclui- se que em relação à percepção dos gestores existem desigualdades de gênero nas estruturas organizacionais e nos papéis sociais de homens e mulheres na sociedade.
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    Relações de gênero nos processos decisórios sobre a água em Ouro Preto/MG.
    (2022) Rosa, Alexsandra Matilde Resende; Guarda, Vera Lúcia de Miranda; Alves, Kerley dos Santos
    A integração da perspectiva de gênero na gestão dos recursos hídricos visa a garantir que as experiências e preocupações de homens e mulheres façam parte da preparação, efetivação, controle e avaliação das políticas e programas sobre a água. Tal integração é necessária na medida em que as mulheres são minorias nas altas instâncias decisórias sobre os recursos hídricos, mas são muito afetadas pela escassez deles. Ademais, as mulheres lidam com a água diariamente ao longo de gerações. Também, representam metade da população mundial, e o desenvolvimento sustentável não pode acontecer sem a contribuição de parcela tão significativa da população. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar a percepção dos gestores da água no município de Ouro Preto/MG quanto à participação das mulheres na gestão. Bus- cou-se atingir esse objetivo por meio da aplicação de questionários, entrevista semiestruturada e observações nas reuniões dos Órgãos e Conselhos participantes da pesquisa. Foi observada uma maior presença masculina nos cargos gerencias e operacionais dos Órgãos e nos Conselhos Gestores. Apesar de estarem em menor número, as mulheres assumem um posicionamento ativo. Os entrevistados relatam ob- servar uma maior presença de homens nas reuniões, sendo necessárias medidas que incentivem a participação das mulheres. Ainda, foram relatadas diferenças de funções conforme o sexo no ambiente de trabalho. De acordo com a percepção dos conselheiros e trabalhadores, a participação popular, em geral, nos Órgãos e Conselhos, é pouco expressiva. Há a necessidade de cursos de capacitação para garantir uma maior equidade de forças dentro do debate ambiental sobre o assunto, permitindo debates mais equânimes.
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    Rapid antigen test as a tool for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its potential as a self-testing device.
    (2023) Filgueiras, Priscilla Soares; Corsini, Camila Amormino; Almeida, Nathalie Bonatti Franco; Pedrosa, Maria Luysa Camargos; Miranda, Daniel Alvim Pena de; Gomes, Sarah Vieira Contin; Assis, Jéssica Vieira de; Silva, Raphael Antônio; Medeiros, Maria Izabella Vieira de Assis Rocha Carvalho de; Lourenço, Adelina Junia; Bicalho, Cecilia Maria Florencio; Vilela, Raquel Virgínia Rocha; Jeremias, Wander de Jesus; Fernandes, Gabriel da Rocha; Grenfell, Rafaella Fortini Queiroz
    Background: SARS-CoV-2 virus originated in Wuhan (China) in December (2019) and quickly spread worldwide. Antigen tests are rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) that produce results in 15-30 min and are an important tool for the scale-up of COVID-19 testing. COVID-19 diagnostic tests are authorized for self-testing at home in some countries, including Brazil. Widespread COVID-19 diagnostic testing is required to guide public health policies and control the speed of transmission and economic recovery. Methods: Patients with suspected COVID-19 were recruited at the Hospital da Baleia (Belo Horizonte, Brazil). The SARS-CoV-2 antigen- detecting rapid diagnostic tests were evaluated from June 2020 to June 2021 using saliva, nasal, and nasopharyngeal swab samples from 609 patients. Patient samples were simultaneously tested using a molecular assay (RT-qPCR). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values were determined using the statistical program, MedCalc, and GraphPad Prism 8.0. Results: The antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests displayed 98% specificity, 60% sensitivity, 96% positive predictive value, and moderate concordance with RT-qPCR. Substantial agreement was found between the two methods for patients tested < 7 days of symptom onset. Conclusions: Our findings support the use of Ag-RDT as a valuable and safe diagnostic method. Ag-RDT was also demonstrated to be an important triage tool for suspected COVID-19 patients in emergencies. Overall, Ag-RDT is an effective strategy for reducing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and contributing to COVID-19 control.
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    Immunogenicity, effectiveness, and safety of inactivated virus (CoronaVac) vaccine in a two-dose primary protocol and BNT162b2 heterologous booster in Brazil (Immunita-001) : a one year period follow up phase 4 study.
    (2022) Grenfell, Rafaella Fortini Queiroz; Almeida, Nathalie Bonatti Franco; Filgueiras, Priscilla Soares; Corsini, Camila Amormino; Gomes, Sarah Vieira Contin; Miranda, Daniel Alvim Pena de; Lourenço, Adelina Junia; Martins Filho, Olindo Assis; Oliveira, Jaquelline Germano de; Carvalho, Andréa Teixeira de; Campos, Guilherme Rodrigues Fernandes; Nogueira, Maurício Lacerda; Alves, Pedro Augusto; Fernandes, Gabriel da Rocha; Castilho, Leda dos Reis; Lima, Túlio Macedo; Abreu, Daniel Paiva Barros de; Alvim, Renata Guimarães Ferreira; Silva, Thaís Bárbara de Souza; Jeremias, Wander de Jesus; Otta, Dayane Andriotti; Azevedo, Ana Carolina Campi; Immunita-001 Team
    Background: Effective and safe vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are critical to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic and will remain the most important tool in limiting the spread of the virus long after the pandemic is over. Methods: We bring pioneering contributions on the maintenance of the immune response over a year on a real-life basis study in 1,587 individuals (18-90 yrs, median 39 yrs; 1,208 female/379 male) who underwent vaccination with two doses of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 booster after 6-months of primary protocol. Findings: Elevated levels of anti-spike IgG antibodies were detected after CoronaVac vaccination, which significantly decreased after 80 days and remained stable until the introduction of the booster dose. Heterologous booster restored antibody titers up to-1·7- fold, changing overall seropositivity to 96%. Titers of neutralising antibodies to the Omicron variant were lower in all timepoints than those against Delta variant. Individuals presenting neutralising antibodies against Omicron also presented the highest titers against Delta and anti-Spike IgG. Cellular immune response measurement pointed out a mixed immune profile with a robust release of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors on the first month after CoronaVac vaccination followed by a gradual reduction over time and no increase after the booster dose. A stronger interaction between those mediators was noted over time. Prior exposure to the virus leaded to a more robust cellular immune response and a rise in antibody levels 60 days post CoronaVac than in individuals with no previous COVID-19. Both vaccines were safe and well tolerated among individuals. Interpretation: Our data approach the effectiveness of CoronaVac association with BNT162b2 from the clinical and biological perspectives, aspects that have important implications for informing decisions about vaccine boosters. Funding: Fiocruz, Brazil.
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    Angiotensin‐converting enzyme gene (ACE) polymorphisms are associated with dysregulation of biochemical parameters in hypertensive patients.
    (2023) Agostini, Lívia da Cunha; Cunha, Warlley Rosa; Silva, Nayara Nascimento Toledo; Melo, André Sacramento; Soares, Luciana Bicalho Moreira; Almeida, Tamires Cunha; Belo, Vanessa de Almeida; Vital, Wendel Coura; Teixeira, Luiz Fernando de Medeiros; Lima, Angélica Alves; Silva, Glenda Nicioli da
    Introduction The genetic component, including genes and their variants, plays a signifcant role in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension (AH). Thus, clinical, epidemiological and genetic studies have been carried out to improve the under- standing of disease mechanisms, improve diagnostic quality and contribute to prevention. Objective To determine the association of risk factors, biochemical parameters and diferent ACE gene polymorphisms with AH. Method The case-control study was carried out in the population of Ouro Preto, Brazil. The subjects answered a question- naire containing clinical and sociodemographic data. The ACE gene polymorphisms rs4291, rs4363 and rs4335 were evalu- ated by real time-polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) in 310 people (155 hypertensive and 155 normotensive patients), in addition to biochemical parameters. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with AH. Analysis of continuous variables was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test to assess signifcance between groups and Dunn’s post-test for multiple comparisons. Results The results showed that AH was associated with age, education, smoking, obesity and high levels of triglycerides, sodium, glucose and uric acid. Regarding the biochemical parameters, in hypertensive patients, the rs4363 and rs4335 poly- morphisms were associated with high levels of triglycerides, urea and glucose; the rs4291 polymorphism was associated with elevated urea and glucose levels. No association was detected between SNPs and HA. Conclusion AH was associated with socioeconomic status, lifestyle habits and biochemical parameters. ACE polymorphisms may have infuenced the levels of triglycerides, urea and glucose in hypertensive patients.
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    High molecular weight adiponectin as a biomarker of hypertension in children and adolescents with obesity.
    (2023) Cunha, Warlley Rosa; Gaspar, Isabella Campos; Souza, Beatriz Cazarim de; Martins, Bárbara Dias Lana; Miranda, Josiane Aparecida de; Lanna, Carla Márcia Moreira; Santos, José Eduardo Tanus dos; Lacchini, Riccardo; Belo, Vanessa de Almeida
    Lower HMW (high molecular weight) adiponectin levels are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. However, data on HMW levels in pediatric population with hypertension are lacking. This study aimed to examine the association and predictive capacity of HMW levels, HMW/HOMA-IR, and HMW/APN ratio with hypertension in obese children and adolescents. The 299 pediatric subjects were grouped in obese hypertensive (OH), obese normotensive (ON), and normal weight normotensive (NN). Plasma concentrations of HMW were investigated by ELISA. ANOVA was used to compare study groups, and a binary logistic regression analysis was used to verify if HMW, HMW/HOMA-IR, HMW/APN, APN, APN/HOMA-IR, and HOMA-IR are associated to hypertension regardless obesity in children and adolescents. To compare the strength and performance of each biomarker to classify individuals with and without hypertension, the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the curve (AUC), and Youden index (J) were evaluated. Both HMW plasma levels and the HMW/HOMA-IR ratio were significantly lower in the OH group when compared to the ON group (HMW: 2.00±1.33 μg/mL vs 2.48±1.48 μg/mL; HMW/HOMA-IR ratio: 0.87±0.95 vs 1.27±1.2; P<0.05) and NN weight groups (HMW: 2.00±1.33 μg/mL vs 4.02±1.99 μg/mL; HMW/HOMA-IR ratio: 0.87±0.95 vs 2.62±1.86; P<0.05). Hypertension was associated with lowest HMW (OR=4.50; 95% CI=1.41–15.84) and HMW/HOMA-IR (OR=12.13; 95% CI=2.51–92.93) regardless of obesity. However, HOMA-IR or the HMW/APN was not significant (P>0.05). In the ROC curve analyses, the HMW and HMW/HOM-IR were more sensitive to detect hypertension in children and adolescents with obesity. Conclusion: Low levels of HMW oligomer and HMW/HOM-IR are associated with hypertension in childhood obesity. Thus, these biomarkers could be clinically useful in identifying hypertension in childhood obesity.
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    Longitudinal study of plasma visfatin/nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (nampt) levels in healthy pregnant women.
    (2023) Nunes, Priscila Rezeck; Cavalli, Ricardo de Carvalho; Belo, Vanessa de Almeida; Sandrim, Valeria Cristina; Luizon, Marcelo Rizzatti
    Visfatin/nicotinamide phosphorybosil transferase (NAMPT) is a novel adipocytokine with potential roles in the patho- physiology of metabolic disorders, including gestational disorders. However, there is no clear interpretation regarding the circulating visfatin levels in a healthy pregnancy. Therefore, we conducted the frst longitudinal study of plasma visfatin levels that followed up healthy pregnant women until the third trimester, including the postpartum period (PPP). The study recruited healthy women with singleton pregnancy who were not using any drug (including tobacco and alcohol). We have excluded pregnant women who did not attend all scheduled exams and developed gestational diabetes or hypertension, obesity, preeclampsia, or any infections during pregnancy. Nine women were considered eligible and examined during all three trimesters of pregnancy and between 8 and 12 weeks postpartum (PPP). Visfatin/NAMPT concentrations were meas- ured in EDTA-plasma by ELISA. The mean age of pregnant women included was 22±5 years (54% primiparous), and the mean of gestational age at delivery was 40±1.2 weeks. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 90 and 70 mmHg, respectively. Mean values (± standard error mean) of visfatin concentrations (μg/L) during trimesters were 11.38±1.45 (frst, 11–14 weeks), 9.18±1.82 (second, 20–24 weeks), 18.67±2.65 (third, 34–36 weeks), and 10.12±1.49 in the PPP. The value of the third trimester was signifcantly higher than the second trimester, and signifcantly reduced in the PPP (p<0.05, ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests). Visfatin/NAMPT levels are signifcantly lower in the PPP, suggesting that factors stimulating its production would be limited to pregnancy, thereby contributing to its potential application as a biomarker in pregnancy complications.