Immunogenicity, effectiveness, and safety of inactivated virus (CoronaVac) vaccine in a two-dose primary protocol and BNT162b2 heterologous booster in Brazil (Immunita-001) : a one year period follow up phase 4 study.
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2022
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Background: Effective and safe vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are critical to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic and will
remain the most important tool in limiting the spread of the virus long after the pandemic is
over.
Methods: We bring pioneering contributions on the maintenance of the immune
response over a year on a real-life basis study in 1,587 individuals (18-90 yrs, median
39 yrs; 1,208 female/379 male) who underwent vaccination with two doses of CoronaVac
and BNT162b2 booster after 6-months of primary protocol.
Findings: Elevated levels of anti-spike IgG antibodies were detected after CoronaVac
vaccination, which significantly decreased after 80 days and remained stable until the
introduction of the booster dose. Heterologous booster restored antibody titers up to-1·7-
fold, changing overall seropositivity to 96%. Titers of neutralising antibodies to the
Omicron variant were lower in all timepoints than those against Delta variant. Individuals
presenting neutralising antibodies against Omicron also presented the highest titers against Delta and anti-Spike IgG. Cellular immune response measurement pointed out a
mixed immune profile with a robust release of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors
on the first month after CoronaVac vaccination followed by a gradual reduction over time
and no increase after the booster dose. A stronger interaction between those mediators
was noted over time. Prior exposure to the virus leaded to a more robust cellular immune
response and a rise in antibody levels 60 days post CoronaVac than in individuals with no
previous COVID-19. Both vaccines were safe and well tolerated among individuals.
Interpretation: Our data approach the effectiveness of CoronaVac association with
BNT162b2 from the clinical and biological perspectives, aspects that have important
implications for informing decisions about vaccine boosters.
Funding: Fiocruz, Brazil.
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SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19, Immune response
Citação
GRENFELL, R. F. Q. et al. Immunogenicity, effectiveness, and safety of inactivated virus (CoronaVac) vaccine in a two-dose primary protocol and BNT162b2 heterologous booster in Brazil (Immunita-001): a one year period follow up phase 4 study. Frontiers in Immunology, v. 13, 2022. Disponível em: <https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.918896/full>. Acesso em: 01 ago. 2023.