EM - Escola de Minas
URI permanente desta comunidadehttp://www.hml.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/6
Notícias
A Escola de Minas de Ouro Preto foi fundada pelo cientista Claude Henri Gorceix e inaugurada em 12 de outubro de 1876.
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Precipitation of a layered double hydroxide comprising Mg2+ and Al3+ to remove sulphate ions from aqueous solutions.(2018) Guimarães, Damaris; Rocha, Natasha Cristina Machado da; Morais, Rafaela Aparecida Pedro de; Resende, Andréia De-Lazarri Bicalho Peixoto; Lima, Rosa Malena Fernandes; Costa, Geraldo Magela da; Leão, Versiane AlbisThis work presents an alternative route to remove sulphate ions from aqueous solutions, which is simple and fast, and its efficiency of sulphate removal is slightly influenced by temperature (26 °C–70 °C) and pH (4–12). The lowest residual sulphate concentration was about 60 mg L−1, which was observed in continuous experiments using wastewater (26 °C, pH 6 and initial sulphate concentration of 630 mg L−1). All these outcomes together have not been observed in the current most used processes of sulphate precipitation, i.e. gypsum and ettringite precipitation. Sulphate removal experiments were carried out in the batch and continuous systems using synthetic solutions. In these conditions, about 75% of sulphate ions were removed for an initial ion concentration of 1800 mg L−1. A continuous test was also performed using a wastewater sample in addition to a synthetic solution. The system reached steady-state conditions after four residence times (40 min) in the experiment with synthetic solutions, whereas three residence times (30 min) were necessary for the tests with the wastewater (initial sulphate concentration of 630 mg L−1). In the latter case, the sulphate removal efficiency was approximately 90%. The characterisation of the experimentally precipitated solids was carried out by DRX, FTIR, SEMEDS, elemental analysis and thermal analysis. These techniques showed that, except in pH 4, the sulphate removal process occurred due to the precipitation of a layered double hydroxide, comprising Mg2+ and Al3+ as its metallic ions and nitrate (due to the salts used for precipitation) and sulphate anions occupying its interlayer space.Item Characterization of beryl (aquamarine variety) from pegmatites of Minas Gerais, Brazil.(2002) Viana, Rúbia Ribeiro; Evangelista, Hanna Jordt; Costa, Geraldo Magela da; Stern, Willem B.Eight samples of the beryl variety aquamarine were selected from four pegmatites in the Governador Valadares and Arac¸uaı´ regions in northeastern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. These samples were fully characterized by chemical analysis, infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy, thermal analyses, and high-temperature X-ray diffraction (from room temperature up to 800 C). Several physical and chemical properties of beryl were found to depend on the amount of water and ions residing in the structural channels. The thermal expansion coefficients from room temperature to about 800 C are temperature-independent, with aa @ )3.2 · 10)6 C)1 and ac @ )8.7 · 10)6 C)1. The contraction of both a and c unit-cell parameters with increasing temperature and the shift of the infrared band centered at about 1200 cm)1 were tentatively ascribed to interactions between channel water and the silicate rings. The color of beryl seems to be dictated by the relative proportions of Fe3+ in the octahedral sites and of fe2+ in the channels. Thus, deep-blue samples have little Fe3+, whereas greener samples have more Fe3+ or less channel Fe2+.Item The unusual Mössbauer spectrum of beryl.(2001) Viana, Rúbia Ribeiro; Costa, Geraldo Magela da; Evangelista, Hanna Jordt; Stern, Willem B.The Mössbauer spectra of several aquamarine samples have been obtained in the temperature range of 4.2–500 K. A common feature observed in all room-temperature spectra is the presence of an asymmetric Fe2+ doublet ( EQ ∼ 2.7 mm/s, δ ∼ 1.1 mm/s), with a very broad lowvelocity peak. This asymmetry is not caused by preferred orientation since the spectrum collected under the magic angle did not show any difference in the line intensities, nor is it caused by the superposition of a Fe3+ doublet. At 4.2 K the spectrum of a deep-blue beryl could be well fitted with three symmetrical doublets, with the major Fe2+ doublet accounting for 87% of the total spectral area. At 14 K the symmetry remains, but at 30 K the low-velocity peak is again broad. Surprisingly, the spectrum at 500 K also shows a broad, but symmetrical doublet, with a clear splitting of the lines indicating the presence of at least two Fe2+ components. The room-temperature spectrum obtained after the 500 K run shows the same features as before the heating. A meaningful fit for the roomtemperature spectrum, as well as an explanation for the temperature dependence of the Mössbauer spectra, are discussed.Item Iron-bearing phases in a peat-derived duricrust from Brazil.(2007) Varajão, Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino; Costa, Geraldo Magela da; Varajão, César Augusto Chicarino; Meunier, Alain; Colin, FabriceThe formation of aluminium-substituted iron-minerals is still subject to debate. We report a case study in a Humic Gleysol soil profile, developed on a sedimentary saprolite, from a basin floor on the Uberaba Plateau (Minas Gerais State, Brazil) where iron-phases are crystallized by a ferruginization process. The mineralogical and chemical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and Mo¨ ssbauer spectroscopy. The specific surface area (BET method) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were also determined. The soil profile is mainly composed of gibbsite, kaolinite and amorphous alumino-silicate phases, the latter being more frequent in the H horizon where the organic carbon content is greater. The surface area and CEC values are also greater in the H horizon (58.6 m2g 1 and 4.65 molckg 1, respectively) which indicates an increase in porosity caused by the presence of 20.8% of organic matter and amorphous materials. Goethite occurs as a secondary mineral in the H horizon and as the main mineral in the duricrust in association with haematite. The omnipresence of aluminium in the environment (24.6–46.2% of Al2O3) resulted in Al-substitution in all ironbearing phases but the goethite from the H horizon has the greatest Al-for-Fe substitution, with at least 20 mole per cent of aluminium. In spite of the greater microporosity and wetness of the H horizon, the immediate contact with the richest Al-source (gibbsite) favours the precipitation of unusually greatly Al-substituted goethite instead of haematite in this horizon.Item Mineralogical, micromorphological and geochemical evolution of the kaolin facies deposit from the Capim region (northern Brazil).(2007) Sousa, Daniel José Lima de; Varajão, Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino; Jacques, Yvon; Costa, Geraldo Magela daThe Capim Kaolin District (eastern Brazilian Amazon), is one of the largest kaolin deposits in the world; with the kaolin used mainly for paper coating. The kaolin developed at the expense of Cretaceous sandy-clayey sediments of the Ipixuna formation, through intense lateritization from the Mesozoic to Cenozoic times. This work describes the morphological, mineralogical, crystallochemical and geochemical evolution of the Capim kaolin facies. Based on the profile analysis in the open pit fronts, it encompasses X-ray diffraction, thin-section optical analysis, EDS-assisted scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, chemical analysis, infrared and Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopies. Six facies were defined as different stages of the supergene process. Ferruginization led to a thick duricrust on the soft kaolin, which in turn evolved from sandy-clayey sediments of the Ipixuna Formation. A subsequent deferruginization event degraded the duricrust, resulting in the flint kaolin facies.Item Berilo dos pegmatitos Ipê, Ferreirinha, Jonas Lima e Escondido, Governador Valadares, MG : dados cristaloquímicos.(2007) Newman, Daniela Teixeira de Carvalho; Gandini, Antônio Luciano; Bello, Rosa Maria da Silveira; Fernandes, Maria Lourdes Souza; Marciano, Vitoria Regia Peres da Rocha Oliveiros; Costa, Geraldo Magela da; Souza, Luiz Antonio CruzOs pegmatitos Ipê, Ferreirinha, Jonas Lima e Escondido situam-se no Campo Pegamatítico de Marilac, Distrito Pegmatítico de Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brasil e encontramse encaixados nos micaxistos da Formação São Tomé, Grupo Rio Doce. Este artigo trata das características físico-químicas e ópticas de 14 amostras de berilo provenientes desses pegmatitos. Por meio da razão co/ao, obtidas por difração de raios X (DRX), foi possível caracterizar uma evolução politípica para os berilos que vai desde o normal (N), passando pelo de transição (NT) até o tetraédrico (T). Os dados de Espectroscopia de Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) permitiram a caracterização dos componentes fluidos, CO2, CH4 e H2O tipos I e II. Análises Termodiferenciais e Termogravimétricas (ATD/ATG) indicaram três (Jonas Lima e Escondido) ou dois (Ipê e Ferreirinha) intervalos distintos de perda de massa (H2O e CO2 ± álcalis), que variaram de 0,5 a 3,0%. Os dados de densidade (2,66 a 2,72) e índices de refração (nω de 1,574 a 1,585 e nε de 1,580 a 1,591) foram obtidos por métodos físicos. Os cristais de berilo contêm um grande número de inclusões fluídas monofásicas, bifásicas, trifásicas ou polifásicas, de origem primária, pseudo-secundária ou secundária, compostas basicamente por soluções aquosas e aquo-carbônicas. Os teores de CO2 presentes nessas inclusões variam de acordo com o posicionamento da amostra no corpo. Tais dados representam uma evolução geoquímica que vai dos pegmatitos menos diferenciados (Ipê/Ferreirinha) em direção aos de maior grau de diferenciação, contendo maiores teores de CO2 e álcalis (Jonas Lima/Escondido).Item Vibrational spectroscopy of the mineral meyerhofferite CaB3O3(OH)5 H2O - an assessment of the molecular structure.(2013) Frost, Ray Leslie; López, Andrés; Xi, Yunfei; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto Scholz; Costa, Geraldo Magela da; Belotti, Fernanda Maria; Lima, Rosa Malena FernandesMeyerhofferite is a calcium hydrated borate mineral with ideal formula: CaB3O3(OH)5_H2O and occurs as white complex acicular to crude crystals with length up to _4 cm, in fibrous divergent, radiating aggregates or reticulated and is often found in sedimentary or lake-bed borate deposits. The Raman spectrum of meyerhofferite is dominated by intense sharp band at 880 cm_1 assigned to the symmetric stretching mode of trigonal boron. Broad Raman bands at 1046, 1110, 1135 and 1201 cm_1 are attributed to BOH in-plane bending modes. Raman bands in the 900–1000 cm_1 spectral region are assigned to the antisymmetric stretching of tetrahedral boron. Distinct OH stretching Raman bands are observed at 3400, 3483 and 3608 cm_1. The mineral meyerhofferite has a distinct Raman spectrum which is different from the spectrum of other borate minerals, making Raman spectroscopy a very useful tool for the detection of meyerhofferite in sedimentary and lake bed deposits.Item The spectroscopic characterization of the sulphate mineral ettringite from Kuruman manganese deposits, South Africa.(2013) Frost, Ray Leslie; López, Andrés; Xi, Yunfei; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto Scholz; Costa, Geraldo Magela da; Lima, Rosa Malena Fernandes; Granja, AmandaThe mineral ettringite has been studied using a number of techniques, including XRD, SEM with EDX, thermogravimetry and vibrational spectroscopy. The mineral proved to be composed of 53% of ettringite and 47% of thaumasite in a solid solution. Thermogravimetry shows a mass loss of 46.2% up to 1000 ◦C. Raman spectroscopy identifies multiple sulphate symmetric stretching modes in line with the three sulphate crystallographically different sites. Raman spectroscopy also identifies a band at 1072 cm−1 attributed to a carbonate symmetric stretching mode, confirming the presence of thaumasite. The observation of multiple bands in the _4 spectral region between 700 and 550 cm−1 offers evidence for the reduction in symmetry of the sulphate anion from Td to C2v or even lower symmetry. The Raman band at 3629 cm−1 is assigned to the OH unit stretching vibration and the broad feature at around 3487 cm−1 to water stretching bands. Vibrational spectroscopy enables an assessment of the molecular structure of natural ettringite to be made.Item Caracterização químico-mineralógica e espectroscopia Mössbauer de água-marinha da região de Pedra Azul, nordeste de Minas Gerais.(2001) Viana, Rúbia Ribeiro; Evangelista, Hanna Jordt; Costa, Geraldo Magela daÁguas-marinhas de três pegmatitos localizados nas imediações da cidade de Pedra Azul, Minas Gerais, foram caracterizadas em termos de propriedades físicas e composição química, incluindo espectroscopia Mõssbauer. Os corpos pegmatíticos têm forma lenticular, ra- ramente ultrapassam 5m de largura e apresentam um pronunciado zonamento mineralógico e textural. Ó último evento termal registrado nes- tes pegmatitos, conforme determinado pelo método K-Ar em moscovita, ocorreu no Neoproterozóico. Este evento coincide com a manifesta- ção tardia do ciclo tectono-metamórfico Brasiliano. Análises químicas mostram que o sódio é o álcali de maior concentração na água-marinha, possibilitando classificá-la como berilo sódico. A densidade aumenta com a incorporação de álcalis, variando de 2,72 a 2,80 g/cm3 e é superior à maioria dos valores determinados para águas- marinhas de outros pegmatitos de Minas Gerais. Os índices de refração são ne=l ,569 - 1,579 e nw=l,573 - 1,581 e a birrefringência varia de 0,002 a 0,008. Verifica-se que os índices de refração aumentam com o teor de BeO. A cor da água-marinha varia de azul muito pálido a azul médio ou azul esverdeado. Os espectros Mõssbauer obtidos à temperatura ambiente e 80 K mostram predominância de íons cromóforos Fe2+ e sugerem a existência de ferro tanto no sítio octaédrico quanto nos canais estruturais. Estes estudos indicam que a incorporação de Fe3+ pode causar mudança da cor azul mais escura para azul-clara. Com base na composição da água-marinha os pegmatitos classificam-se como do tipo estéreis, isto é, pobres em álcalis raros (Li, Rb e Cs), sendo, portanto, pouco diferenciados. A mineralogia relativamente simples desses pegmatitos, nos quais minerais como lepidolita, espodomênio ou seja minerais de Li estão ausentes, confirmam essa classificação. Portanto, a composição do berilo pode ser usada como traçador na prospecção de pegmatitos com diferentes graus de diferenciação e, conseqüentemente, com diferentes tipos de mineralizações.Item Transformações mineralógicas e cristaloquímicas decorrentes dos ensaios termais em argilas cauliníticas ferruginosas.(2012) Ferreira, Mônica Martiniano; Varajão, Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino; Carrera, Ana Mercedes Morales; Sánchez, Miguel Genaro Peralta; Costa, Geraldo Magela daTransformações mineralógicas e cristaloquímicas foram investigadas em amostras de argilas cauliníticas ferruginosas aquecidas a temperaturas de 800, 1000 e 1200 °C. As análises de difração de raios X e térmica diferencial e gravimétrica mostraram ser a caulinita o argilomineral predominante nas amostras naturais. Os resultados da espectroscopia Mössbauer mostraram que o alto conteúdo em Fe (22,5% em peso), determinado por fluorescência de raios X, é relacionado à presença de goethita (18% em peso) e hematita (16% em peso). Entretanto um resíduo deste elemento (Fe3+ e Fe2+) foi constatado após a extração do ferro usando solução de ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato, e possivelmente se deve à presença de ferro na estrutura da caulinita. O processo de sinterização mostra uma desestruturação da caulinita, assim como a transformação da goethita em hematita, cujo tamanho dos cristais cresce com o incremento da temperatura. O tamanho do cristal de hematita a 1200 °C é 5 vezes maior do que na amostra natural. A mulita formada a 1000 °C é constituída da solução sólida de Fe2O3, com Al2O3, o que resulta em produto resistente e de maior estabilidade térmica.