DEGEO - Departamento de Geologia

URI permanente desta comunidadehttp://www.hml.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/8

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Autor: search.filters.author.Varajão, César Augusto ChicarinoTem arquivos: Sim

Resultados da Pesquisa

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    Ferruginous duricrusts associated with diamond occurrences in the Diamantina Plateau, south Espinhaço Range, Brazil.
    (2021) Milagres, Alcione Rodrigues; Oliveira, Fábio Soares de; Varajão, Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino; Varajão, César Augusto Chicarino
    Macromorphological and micromorphological characterization of the alteration facies associated with geomorphological studies are of great importance for understanding the genesis and evolution of ferruginous duricrusts. The study of the ferruginous duricrusts in the Diamantina Plateau (Southern Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais), a region known worldwide for hosting important diamond deposits, was based on the characterization of the faciological variations of representative alteration profiles. The morphometric indexes of the area, macromorphological description of the profiles, and sampling for micromorphological and mineralogical analyzes were carried out to assist in the understanding of the landforms. The results show that the ferruginous duricrusts occur preferentially in the plateaus and high slopes, with the Sopa-Brumadinho Formation as substrate. Two types of ferruginous duricrust have been identified. Type 1 is characterized as a platy duricrust developed from a saprolite of hematitic phyllite with a ferruginous banded structure. Type 2 is characterized by a massive duricrust typically lateritic that overlaps a nodular and mottled facies, originated from a saprolite of hematitic phyllite with a diffuse distribution of opaque minerals. This phyllite is one of the rocks that occur with the diamond host rocks in the old mines of the region. Both types of ferruginous duricrusts formed by relative accumulation evolve into fragmentary facies and the soil. Locally, in discordant contact, occurs a concretionary duricrust, characterized by an absolute iron accumulation mechanism.
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    Solos e superfícies de erosão : uma contextualização da evolução da paisagem na Serra do Espinhaço Meridional (SdEM), Minas Gerais.
    (2020) Varajão, César Augusto Chicarino; Varajão, Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino; Oliveira, Fábio Soares de; Barreto, Helen Nébias; Salgado, André Augusto Rodrigues
    O estudo investigou a evolução da paisagem da Serra do Espinhaço Meridional (SdEM), MG, através da caracterização macromorfológica, mineralógica, micromorfológica e química de solos desenvolvidos nas principais unidades lito-estratigráficas da região. Ocorrem principalmente Neossolos e Cambissolos, decapeados e cobertos discordantemente por um paleopavimento. Considerando as variações climáticas, as superfícies de erosão e as recentes datações dos solos, entendemos que após um longo período sob condições desérticas no Cretáceo (Superfície Pós-Gondwana) até o Paleoceno (Superfície Sul-Americana), ocorreu uma abrupta variação climática no Eoceno, em que condições quentes e úmidas formaram os mantos de alteração e o desmantelamento dos veios de quartzo presentes nas unidades subjacentes (Supergrupo Espinhaço). Estas condições também estiveram presentes durante o Mioceno, desaparecendo no Plioceno, onde a instalação de um novo clima desértico promoveu o desaparecimento da vegetação e a consequente erosão-decapitação dos perfis de solo. Neste contexto se formou o paleopavimento regional supracitado, interpretado como contemporâneo à Superfície Velhas. Sobre ele, durante o Quaternário, formaram-se inúmeras turfeiras, que sugerem condições climáticas regionais amenas.
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    The Cenozoic deposits of the ancient landscapes of Quadrilátero Ferrífero highlands, Southeastern Brazil : sedimentation, pedogenesis and landscape evolution.
    (2020) Varajão, Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino; Mateus, Ana Carolina Campos; Santos, Maria do Carmo; Varajão, César Augusto Chicarino; Oliveira, Fabio Soares; Yvon, Jacques
    The Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF), Southeastern Brazil, is a very important tropical highland region in the world’s geological context for its large and diverse Archean and Proterozoic rocks with great reserves of gold, iron, manganese, aluminum and industrial rocks, on a apparently stable geological structure. There, Cenozoic deposits perched on highland valleys show unclear genetic relationships with the underlying bedrock, with no apparent regional correlation. We studied five representative Cenozoic deposits (BR356, Água Limpa, Padre Domingos, Pau Branco and Casa de Pedra) on the highlands of the Serra da Moeda syncline, Western QF, to answer the question of their sedimentological origin, and investigate their pedological evolution. Field sampling was complemented by macromorphological, mineralogical and micromorphological analysis supported by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), infrared analysis (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micropobre and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The evolution of these isolated highland de- posits comprises a deep-weathered source area, a tectonic activity, besides sedimentological and pedological processes, during and after the deposition. The deposits overlie deep saprolites of Precambrian rocks (Piracicaba and Itabira Groups), representing unconformable contact. The onset of the deposition was marked by torrential, coarse colluvial and large blocks landslides into the small basins generated by reactivating tectonic events during the Oligocene, producing local grabens. These tectonic basins were filled by cohesive debris and mudflow from the adjacent and previously laterized cover, developed under the hot and humid climate in the Eocene. The cover reveals an upside-down lateritic profile where morphology and kaolinite crystal properties (values of size of coherent scattering thickness ranging from 135 Å to 162 Å) in the bottom is related to the pedolith horizons of the former lateritic cover. Later, due to climate changes (during and after the Miocene), renewed weathering on these pre-weathered sediments occurred, characterized by alternating ferruginization and Fe-losses, with the superimposed generation of new pedogenic features such as nodules, ferruginous duricrusts and mottling (redox features). In addition to demonstrating that the Brazilian platform was not stable during the Cenozoic, these deposits reveal the role of polygenetic tropical pedological processes in their formation and transformation.
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    Environmental factors related to the production of a complex set of spicules in a tropical freshwater sponge.
    (2015) Matteuzzo, Marcela Camargo; Ribeiro, Cecília Volkmer; Varajão, Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino; Varajão, César Augusto Chicarino; Alexandre, Anne; Guadagnin, Demetrio L.
    Adverse natural conditions will, generally, induce gemmulation in freshwater sponges. Because of this environmental dependence, gemmoscleres are given exceptional value in taxonomic, ecological and paleoenvironmental studies. Other spicules categories such as microscleres and beta megascleres have received little attention with regard to their occurrence and function during the sponge biological cycle. Metania spinata, a South American species common to bog waters in the Cerrado biome, produces alpha and beta megascleres, microscleres and gemmoscleres. To detect the environmental factors triggering the production of all these kinds of spicules, the species annual seasonal cycle was studied. Artificial substrates were devised, supplied with gemmules and placed in Lagoa Verde pond which contained a natural population of M. spinata. Field monitoring was conducted for eight months in order to observe the growth of sponges and spicules formation. Samples of water were taken monthly for physical and chemical parameters determination. The appearance of the alpha megascleres was sequentially followed by that of microscleres, gemmoscleres and beta megascleres. The first ones built the new sponge skeleton, the last three were involved in keeping inner moisture in the sponge body or its gemmules. The water level, temperature and the silicon (Si) concentration in the pond were the most important factors related to this sequential production of spicules, confirming environmental reconstructions based on the presence or absence of alpha megascleres and gemmoscleres in past sediments.
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    A comparison of properties of clay minerals in isalteritic and in degraded facies.
    (2013) Oliveira, Fábio Soares de; Varajão, Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino; Varajão, César Augusto Chicarino; Boulangé, Bruno
    The mineralogical, geochemical and micromorphological features of an isalteritic clay facies, which originated from weathering of an anorthosite, were compared to those of clay facies derived from the degradation of a bauxite developed from the same rock. The isalteritic clay was formed by the hydrolytic alteration of plagioclase, whereas the degraded clays were formed by decomposition of gibbsite and neoformation of kaolinite. This resilification process resulted from the reintroduction of silica via the oscillation of the phreatic level and/or the decomposition of organic matter on the surface. The degradation process was gradual and yielded two different facies: (a) degraded clays with almost total decomposition of gibbsite, and (b) degraded clays with gibbsite nodules. Morphologically, the isalteritic clays differ from the degraded clays because they contain larger hexagonal and pseudo-hexagonal crystals. The degraded clays have more irregular crystal shapes, ranging from laths to anhedral shapes.
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    Iron-bearing phases in a peat-derived duricrust from Brazil.
    (2007) Varajão, Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino; Costa, Geraldo Magela da; Varajão, César Augusto Chicarino; Meunier, Alain; Colin, Fabrice
    The formation of aluminium-substituted iron-minerals is still subject to debate. We report a case study in a Humic Gleysol soil profile, developed on a sedimentary saprolite, from a basin floor on the Uberaba Plateau (Minas Gerais State, Brazil) where iron-phases are crystallized by a ferruginization process. The mineralogical and chemical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and Mo¨ ssbauer spectroscopy. The specific surface area (BET method) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were also determined. The soil profile is mainly composed of gibbsite, kaolinite and amorphous alumino-silicate phases, the latter being more frequent in the H horizon where the organic carbon content is greater. The surface area and CEC values are also greater in the H horizon (58.6 m2g 1 and 4.65 molckg 1, respectively) which indicates an increase in porosity caused by the presence of 20.8% of organic matter and amorphous materials. Goethite occurs as a secondary mineral in the H horizon and as the main mineral in the duricrust in association with haematite. The omnipresence of aluminium in the environment (24.6–46.2% of Al2O3) resulted in Al-substitution in all ironbearing phases but the goethite from the H horizon has the greatest Al-for-Fe substitution, with at least 20 mole per cent of aluminium. In spite of the greater microporosity and wetness of the H horizon, the immediate contact with the richest Al-source (gibbsite) favours the precipitation of unusually greatly Al-substituted goethite instead of haematite in this horizon.
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    Relief evolution of the Quadrilatero Ferrifero (Minas Gerais, Brazil) by means of e0Be) cosmogenic nuclei.
    (2008) Salgado, André Augusto Rodrigues; Varajão, César Augusto Chicarino; Coun, Fabrice; Varajão, Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino; Nalini Júnior, Hermínio Arias
    This paper investigates the evolution of the relief within the so-called Iron Quadrangle (Quadrilatero Ferrifero) in Minas Gerais, Brazil, by means of quantification of erosion processes, which affected the principal rock types of the region. The method used is based on measurement of in-situ produced cosmogenic 10Be concentration in fluvial sediments. The results indicate that the regional landscape evolution is controlled by lithotypes: the most resistant areas correspond to substrates developed on itabirites and quartzites (long-term erosion rates between 0.29 to 2.35 m/My), whereas the most fragile ones developed on schistphyllites (long-term erosion rates between 7.95 to 11.82 m/My) and granite-gneisses (longterm erosion rate at 12.92 m/My).
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    Study of the erosion rates in the upper Maracujá Basin (Quadrilátero Ferrífero/MG, Brazil) by the in situ produced cosmogenic 10Be method.
    (2007) Salgado, André Augusto Rodrigues; Varajão, César Augusto Chicarino; Colin, Fabrice; Braucher, Régis; Varajão, Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino; Nalini Júnior, Hermínio Arias
    The present work quantifies the erosive processes in the two main substrates (schists–phyllites and granites–gneisses) of the upper Maracujá Basin in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero/MG, Brazil, a region of semi-humid tropical climate. Two measuring methods of concentration were used: (i) in situ produced 10Be in quartz veins (surface erosion rates) and (ii) 10Be in fluvial sediments (basin erosion rates). The results confirm that (i) erosion tends to be more aggressive close to the headwaters than in the lower parts of the basin and (ii) the region is now affected by dissection.
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    Estudo da evolução da paisagem do Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Minas Gerais, Brasil) por meio da mensuração das taxas de erosão (10Be) e da pedogênese.
    (2009) Varajão, César Augusto Chicarino; Salgado, André Augusto Rodrigues; Varajão, Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino; Braucher, Régis; Colin, Fabrice; Nalini Júnior, Hermínio Arias
    Geomorfologicamente o Quadrilátero Ferrífero é uma região conspícua, onde raízes de estruturas metassedimentares proterozóicas, apresentando feições de um relevo jovem, encontram-se em destaque sobre um mar de colinas de rochas cristalinas do Arqueano. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da evolução da paisagem do Quadrilátero Ferrífero por meio da análise integrada dos dados quantitativos das taxas de erosão (10Be) e dos tipos de perfis de solos desenvolvidos a partir dos principais litotipos da região. A mensuração da concentração de 10Be extraído do quartzo de veios, de quartzitos e de sedimentos fluviais foi obtida utilizando um espectrômetro de massa por acelerador. A razão média de erosão de 7 m por milhão de anos coloca em evidência um importante soerguimento epirogenético da região em estudo. Concordantemente, os estudos macromorfológicos, mineralógicos e micromorfológicos de todos os perfis de solos investigados por meio de trabalhos de campo, da difração de raios X e da microscopia óptica mostram perfis imaturos e autóctones. Esses resultados sugerem que o relevo do Quadrilátero Ferrífero é um produto de constante e intenso processo erosivo.
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    Microporosity of BIF hosted massive hematite ore, Iron Quadrangle, Brazil.
    (2002) Varajão, César Augusto Chicarino; Bruand, Ary; Ramanaidou, Erick R.; Gilkes, Robert J.
    O minério de hematita compacta (MHC) é um tipo de minério de ferro de alto grau usado como minério granulado na obtenção do ferro via redução direta (DRI). A influência da porosidade sobre a redutibilidade do MHC da Mina de Capitão do Mato (Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brasil), foi investigada em amostras de furos de sonda e de afloramentos da mina, usando-se microscópio óptico e eletrônico de varredura. Hematita é o principal componente mineralógico e ocorre sob diferentes formas: granular (10 μm), microtabular (1 μm) e euédrico (10 a 30 μm). Quartzo maghemita, kenomagnetita e goethita são componetes menores. Microporos primários (Å to 1 μm) associam-se a cristais de hematita microtabular, que preenchem espaços entre cristais de hematita granular. Microporos secundários (Å to 5μm), relacionados com os cristais de martita euédrica, são os mais importantes. A porosidade total das amostras do MHC, medida através dos métodos de adsorção de nitrogênio e injeção de mercúrio, atingiu valores de até 11% para amostras intemperisadas. Amostras não alteradas de MHC têm porosidade menor que 2,5%. Verificou-se que a porosidade incrementa a redutibilidade, enquanto que a estrutura (bandamento) tem uma influência negativa na redutibilidade do MHC durante o DRI.