EFAR - Escola de Farmácia
URI permanente desta comunidadehttp://www.hml.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/451
Notícias
O curso de Farmácia em Ouro Preto foi criado em 1839, sendo a mais antiga Escola de Farmácia da América Latina.
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18 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Synthetic peptides elicit strong cellular immunity in Visceral Leishmaniasis natural reservoir and contribute to long-lasting polyfunctional T-cells in BALB/c mice.(2019) Brito, Rory Cristiane Fortes de; Cardoso, Jamille Mirelle de Oliveira; Reis, Levi Eduardo Soares; Mathias, Fernando Augusto Siqueira; Soares, Rodrigo Dian de Oliveira Aguiar; Carvalho, Andréa Teixeira de; Roatt, Bruno Mendes; Oliveira, Rodrigo Corrêa de; Ruiz, Jeronimo Conceição; Resende, Daniela de Melo; Reis, Alexandre BarbosaReverse vaccinology or immunoinformatics is a computational methodology which integrates data from in silico epitope prediction, associated to other important information as, for example, the predicted subcellular location of the proteins used in the design of the context of vaccine development. This approach has the potential to search for new targets for vaccine development in the predicted proteome of pathogenic organisms. To date, there is no effective vaccine employed in vaccination campaigns against visceral leishmaniasis (VL). For the first time, herein, an in silico, in vitro, and in vivo peptide screening was performed, and immunogenic peptides were selected to constitute VL peptide-based vaccines. Firstly, the screening of in silico potential peptides using dogs naturally infected by L. infantum was conducted and the peptides with the best performance were selected. The mentioned peptides were used to compose Cockt-1 (cocktail 1) and Cockt-2 (cocktail 2) in combination with saponin as the adjuvant. Therefore, tests for immunogenicity, polyfunctional T-cells, and the ability to induce central and effector memory in T-lymphocytes capacity in reducing the parasite load on the spleen for Cockt-1 and Cockt-2 were performed. Among the vaccines under study, Cockt-1 showed the best results, eliciting CD4+ and CD8+ polyfunctional T-cells, with a reduction in spleen parasitism that correlates to the generation of T CD4+ central memory and T CD8+ effector memory cells. In this way, our findings corroborate the use of immunoinformatics as a tool for the development of future vaccines against VL.Item Multiplex flow cytometry serology to diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis.(2019) Ker, Henrique Gama; Vital, Wendel Coura; Valadares, Diogo Garcia; Soares, Rodrigo Dian de Oliveira Aguiar; Brito, Rory Cristiane Fortes de; Veras, Patrícia Sampaio Tavares; Fraga, Deborah Bittencourt Mothé; Martins Filho, Olindo Assis; Carvalho, Andréa Teixeira de; Reis, Alexandre BarbosaAn accurate diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis is an essential tool for control of the disease. While serologic methods are very useful, these conventional methodologies still present limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The use of flow cytometry is a worldwide trend in the development of high-performance diagnostic methods. Herein, we describe a new flow cytometry serology test, characterized by the employment of the Cytometric Bead Array microspheres A4 and E4 coated with the recombinant antigens rLci1A and rLci2B respectively, to improve the serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. The tests were conducted in a wide variety of sera groups (n = 140), where the diagnostics development would be optimized accounting not just the ability to identify infected dogs with different clinical status, but also to exclude cross-reaction and differentiate vaccinated dogs from dogs infected. Serological testing of the antigenic system A4–rLci1A showed a sensitivity of 90.0% and specificity of 75%, while the E4–rLci2B testing demonstrated a sensitivity of 95.0% and specificity of 82.5%. The use of a multiplex assay of A4–rLci1A and E4–rLci2B, resulted in a diagnostic improvement, with a sensitivity of 95.0% and specificity of 91.2%. Our results show that this novel flow cytometry serology test is a viable tool for sensitive and specific serodiagnosis. Notably, the combination of distinct antigenic systems allows us to test for antibodies to multiple recombinant antigens from a single serum sample. This benefit emphasizes the importance of this methodology as an alternative in the serological diagnosis.Item Label-free electrochemical impedance immunosensor based on modified screen-printed gold electrodes for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis.(2019) Cordeiro, Taís Aparecida Reis; Gonçalves, Marcus Vinícius do Carmo; Franco, Diego Leoni; Reis, Alexandre Barbosa; Martins, Helen Rodrigues; Ferreira, Lucas FrancoLeishmaniasis is a disease with high impact on public health in many countries. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vectorial zoonosis, with dogs as primary reservoirs in the domestic environment. VL presents high morbidity, mortality and importance in epidemiology in the American continent. In the present study, the first label-free electrochemical impedance immunosensor using screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) for the detection of anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies was developed. The soluble antigens of L. infantum were immobilized on an SPE by a 3-mercaptopropionic acid monolayer. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used for detecting bimolecular interactions occurring at the electrode surface. The addition of real samples consisting of canine and human sera positive and negative for VL presented high sensitivity and selectivity through EIS. Based on the results, a sensitive, specific, rapid and simple immunosensor was developed successfully with potential application for the serological diagnosis of leishmaniasis disease.Item Immunotherapy and immunochemotherapy in visceral leishmaniasis : promising treatments for this neglected disease.(2014) Roatt, Bruno Mendes; Soares, Rodrigo Dian de Oliveira Aguiar; Vital, Wendel Coura; Ker, Henrique Gama; Moreira, Nádia das Dores; Souza, Juliana Vitoriano de; Giunchetti, Rodolfo Cordeiro; Carneiro, Cláudia Martins; Reis, Alexandre BarbosaLeishmaniasis has several clinical forms: self-healing or chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis or post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis; mucosal leishmaniasis; visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which is fatal if left untreated.The epidemiology and clinical features of VL vary greatly due to the interaction of multiple factors including parasite strains, vectors, host genetics, and the environment. Human immunodeficiency virus infection augments the severity of VL increasing the risk of developing active disease by 100–2320 times. An effective vaccine for humans is not yet available. Resistance to chemotherapy is a growing problem in many regions, and the costs associated with drug identification and development, make commercial production for leishmaniasis, unattractive.The toxicity of currently drugs, their long treatment course, and limited efficacy are significant concerns. For cutaneous disease, many studies have shown promising results with immunotherapy/immunochemotherapy, aimed to modulate and activate the immune response to obtain a therapeutic cure. Nowadays, the focus of many groups centers on treating canine VL by using vaccines and immunomodulators with or without chemotherapy. In human disease, the use of cytokines like interferon-g associated with pentavalent antimonials demonstrated promising results in patients that did not respond to conventional treatment. In mice, immunomodulation based on monoclonal antibodies to remove endogenous immunosuppressive cytokines (interleukin-10) or block their receptors, antigen-pulsed syngeneic dendritic cells, or biological products like Pam3Cys (TLR ligand) has already been shown as a prospective treatment of the disease. This review addresses VL treatment, particularly immunotherapy and/or immunochemotherapy as an alternative to conventional drug treatment in experimental models, canine VL, and human disease.Item Clinical, hematological and biochemical alterations in hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) experimentally infected with Leishmania infantum through different routes of inoculation.(2016) Moreira, Nádia das Dores; Souza, Juliana Vitoriano de; Roatt, Bruno Mendes; Vieira, Paula Melo de Abreu; Vital, Wendel Coura; Cardoso, Jamille Mirelle de Oliveira; Rezende, Mariana Trevisan; Ker, Henrique Gama; Giunchetti, Rodolfo Cordeiro; Carneiro, Cláudia Martins; Reis, Alexandre BarbosaBackground: Leishmaniasis remains among the most important parasitic diseases in the developing world and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most fatal. The hamster Mesocricetus auratus is a susceptible model for the characterization of the disease, since infection of hamsters with L. infantum reproduces the clinical and pathological features of human VL. In this context, it provides a unique opportunity to study VL in its active form. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical, biochemical, and hematological changes in male hamsters infected through different routes and strains of L. infantum. Methods: In the current study, hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were infected with the L. infantum strains (WHO/MHOM/BR/74/PP75 and MCAN/BR/2008/OP46) by intradermal, intraperitoneal and intracardiac routes. The animals were monitored for a nine month follow-up period. Results: The hamsters showed clinical signs similar to those observed in classical canine and human symptomatic VL, including splenomegaly, severe weight loss, anemia, and leucopenia. Therefore the OP46 strain was more infective, clinical signs were more frequent and more exacerbated in IC group with 80 to 100 % of the animals showing splenomegaly, in the last month infection. Additionally, desquamation, hair loss and external mucocutaneous lesions and ulcers localized in the snout, accompanied by swelling of the paws in all animals, were observed. Consequently, the animals presented severe weight loss/cachexia, hunched posture, an inability to eat or drink, and non-responsiveness to external stimuli. Furthermore, regardless of strain, route of inoculum and time assessed, the animals showed renal and hepatic alterations, with increased serum levels of urea and creatinine as well as elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Conclusions: These results strongly suggest that the inoculation through the intracardiac route resulted in a higher severity among infections, especially in the sixth and ninth month after infection via intracardiac, exhibited clinical manifestations and biochemical/hematological findings similar to human visceral leishmaniasis. Therefore, we suggest that this route must be preferentially used in experimental infections for pathogenesis studies of VL in the hamster model.Item Citometria de fluxo no diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral canina.(2006) Carvalho Neta, Alcina Vieira de; Rocha, Roberta Dias Rodrigues; Gontijo, Célia Maria Ferreira; Reis, Alexandre Barbosa; Martins Filho, Olindo AssisDescreve-se a padronização de nova metodologia para detecção de anticorpos antiformas promastigotas fixadas de L. (L.) chagasi, por citometria de fluxo (AAPF-IgG), sua aplicabilidade e desempenho na identificação de casos de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC). Foram avaliados dois grupos de cães classificados pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), como: não reatores (NR, n=10) e reatores (R, n=50) dos quais foram coletadas amostras de sangue (soro) para realização dos testes laboratoriais. Os resultados relacionados ao estabelecimento, aplicabilidade e desempenho da metodologia AAPF-IgG demonstraram que essa metodologia possibilita a identificação de uma região de reatividade diferencial entre cães NR e R, no soro diluído a 1:2048 e o valor de 20% de parasitos fluorescentes positivos (PPFP) como ponto de corte entre resultados positivos e negativos, mostrando que a AAPF-IgG aplica-se na identificação de casos de LVC, possibilitando distinguir 96% de cães R como positivos e 100% de cães NR como negativos. Esses resultados em conjunto sugerem que a utilização da AAPF-IgG pode ser um novo instrumento para ensaios clínicos de diagnóstico sorológico da LVC.Item Avaliação da atividade leishmanicida do extrato aquoso de própolis verde e de sua associação com o antimoniato de meglumina livre ou lipossomal em camundongos BALB/c infectados com Leishmania infantum.(2013) Ferreira, Flávia Monteiro; Rezende, Simone AparecidaO presente estudo avaliou a utilização do extrato aquoso de própolis verde (EAPV) e de sua associação ao antimoniato de meglumina livre ou encapsulado em lipossomas para o tratamento da leishmaniose visceral (LV) em modelo murino. In vitro, avaliou-se o efeito do EAPV e de sua associação com o antimoniato de meglumina livre sobre a viabilidade de células J774-A1. O EAPV não apresentou toxicidade nas concentrações testadas e foi capaz de reduzir o efeito tóxico do antimoniato de meglumina livre. Para o experimento in vivo, camundongos BALB/c isogênicos foram inoculados com 1 x 107 promastigotas de Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (cepa C43). Após duas semanas de infecção, os animais foram divididos em sete grupos (n=8) e tratados com: (1) dose única de tampão fosfato por via intraperitoneal (ip), (2) dose única de antimoniato de meglumina livre (AM) (30 mg/Kg) ip., (3) dose única de lipossomas vazios ip, (4) dose única de antimoniato de meglumina lipossomal (30 mg/Kg) ip., (5) dose diária de EAPV (500 mg/kg/dose) durante 14 dias via oral; (6) associação do EAPV (esquema terapêutico igual ao grupo 5) ao AM (30 mg/kg) ip. e (7) associação do EAPV (esquema terapêutico igual ao grupo 5) ao antimoniato de meglumina lipossomal (30 mg/kg) ip. Duas semanas após o tratamento, os animais foram eutanasiados e avaliou-se a carga parasitária no fígado e baço pelo método de diluição limitante. Além disso, foi realizada análise do perfil de células do baço por citometria de fluxo, toxicidade cardíaca, hepática e renal pela dosagem de marcadores bioquímicos (CKMB, TGO/ALT, TGP/ASP, creatinina) e a histopatologia do fígado e baço. O tratamento com EAPV reduziu a carga parasitária no fígado (44%), mas não no baço. Além disso, verificou-se uma redução na carga parasitária após tratamento com antimoniato de meglumina encapsulado em lipossoma no fígado e baço de aproximadamente 41%. Não foi observada diminuição na carga parasitária após tratamento com antimoniato de meglumina livre em nenhum dos órgãos avaliados. A administração concomitante do EAPV e antimoniato de meglumina livre reduziu a carga parasitária no fígado (24,4%), mas não no baço. No entanto, a administração concomitante do EAPV e antimoniato de meglumina encapsulado em lipossomas reduziu a carga parasitária tanto no fígado quanto no baço, porém no mesmo nível observado pelo tratamento com antimoniato de meglumina lipossomal. Os resultados demonstraram ausência de alteração no padrão fenotípico de células do baço por citometria de fluxo e na função hepática, cardíaca e renal por análises bioquímicas. As análises histopatológicas mostraram que a administração do EAPV assim como do AM lipossomal isoladamente ou em associação ao EAPV levou a uma melhor preservação dos tecidos hepático e esplênico quando comparados aos demais grupos experimentais. Os resultados desse trabalho permitiram concluir que o EAPV foi capaz de provocar uma redução da carga parasitária hepática no mesmo nível observado com dose única de AM lipossomal. No entanto sua associação com antimoniato de meglumina lipossomal foi capaz de reduzir a carga parasitária no fígado e baço de forma semelhante à formulação de antimoniato de meglumina lipossomal isolada. As drogas testadas não causaram alterações no perfil das células do baço bem como não apresentaram toxicidade para os órgãos avaliados.Item Molecular diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis : a comparative study of three methods using skin and spleen from dogs with natural Leishmania infantum infection.(2013) Reis, Levi Eduardo Soares; Vital, Wendel Coura; Roatt, Bruno Mendes; Bouillet, Leoneide Érica Maduro; Ker, Henrique Gama; Brito, Rory Cristiane Fortes de; Resende, Daniela de Melo; Carneiro, Cláudia Martins; Reis, Alexandre BarbosaPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its variations represent highly sensitive and specificmethods for Leishmania DNA detection and subsequent canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL)diagnosis. The aim of this work was to compare three different molecular diagnosis tech-niques (conventional PCR [cPCR], seminested PCR [snPCR], and quantitative PCR [qPCR])in samples of skin and spleen from 60 seropositive dogs by immunofluorescence antibodytest and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Parasitological analysis was conducted byculture of bone marrow aspirate and optical microscopic assessment of ear skin and spleensamples stained with Giemsa, the standard tests for CVL diagnosis. The primers L150/L152and LINR4/LIN17/LIN19 were used to amplify the conserved region of the Leishmania kDNAminicircle in the cPCR, and snPCR and qPCR were performed using the DNA polymerasegene (DNA pol _) primers from Leishmania infantum. The parasitological analysis revealedparasites in 61.7% of the samples. Sensitivities were 89.2%, 86.5%, and 97.3% in the skin and81.1%, 94.6%, and 100.0% in spleen samples used for cPCR, snPCR, and qPCR, respectively.We demonstrated that the qPCR method was the best technique to detect L. infantum inboth skin and spleen samples. However, we recommend the use of skin due to the highsensitivity and sampling being less invasive.Item Performance of LBSap vaccine after intradermal challenge with L. infantum and saliva of Lu. longipalpis : immunogenicity and parasitological evaluation.(2012) Roatt, Bruno Mendes; Soares, Rodrigo Dian de Oliveira Aguiar; Souza, Juliana Vitoriano de; Vital, Wendel Coura; Braga, Samuel Leôncio; Oliveira, Rodrigo Corrêa de; Martins Filho, Olindo Assis; Carvalho, Andréa Teixeira de; Lana, Marta de; Gontijo, Nelder de Figueiredo; Marques, Marcos José; Giunchetti, Rodolfo Cordeiro; Reis, Alexandre BarbosaIn the last decade, the search for new vaccines against canine visceral leishmaniasis has intensified. However, the pattern related to immune protection during long periods after experimental infection in vaccine trials is still not fully understood. Herein, we investigated the immunogenicity and parasitological levels after intradermal challenge with Leishmania infantum plus salivary gland extract in dogs immunized with a vaccine composed of L. braziliensis antigens plus saponin as an adjuvant (LBSap vaccine). The LBSap vaccine elicited higher levels of total anti-Leishmania IgG as well as both IgG1 and IgG2. Furthermore, dogs vaccinated had increased levels of lymphocytes, particularly circulating B cells (CD21+) and both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. LBSap also elicited an intense in vitro cell proliferation associated with higher levels of CD4+ T lymphocytes specific for vaccine soluble antigen and soluble lysate of L. infantum antigen even 885 days after experimental challenge. Furthermore, LBSap vaccinated dogs presented high IFN-c and low IL-10 and TGF-b1 expression in spleen with significant reduction of parasite load in this tissue. Overall, our results validate the potential of LBSap vaccine to protect against L. infantum experimental infection and strongly support further evaluation of efficiency of LBSap against CVL in natural infection conditions.Item Parasite burden in hamsters infected with two different strains of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum : ‘‘Leishman Donovan Units’’ versus real-time PCR.(2012) Moreira, Nádia das Dores; Souza, Juliana Vitoriano de; Roatt, Bruno Mendes; Vieira, Paula Melo de Abreu; Ker, Henrique Gama; Cardoso, Jamille Mirelle de Oliveira; Giunchetti, Rodolfo Cordeiro; Lana, Marta de; Reis, Alexandre BarbosaTo develop and test new therapeutics and immune prophylaxis strategies for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), understanding tissue parasitism evolution after experimental infection with Leishmania infantum is important. Experimental infection in a hamster model (Mesocricetus auratus) reproduces several typical aspects of canine and human VL that are closely related to the inoculum’s route. We quantified the parasitism in the liver and spleen of hamsters experimentally infected by various routes (intradermal, intraperitoneal, and intracardiac [IC]) and different strains of L. infantum (MHOM/BR/74/PP75 and Wild) and compared two different methodologies to evaluate tissue parasitism (Leishman Donovan units [LDU] and real-time qPCR). In addition, the quantification of specific total-IgG in the serum of uninfected and infected hamsters was determined by ELISA. The animals were followed for 1, 3, 6 and 9 months post-infection for survival analysis. We found that infection with the Wild strain by the IC route resulted in higher mortality. Positive antibody (IgG) responses were detected with higher peaks at 6 and 9 months in the IC group inoculated with PP75 strain. However, in animals infected with the Wild strain the IgG levels were elevated in all infected groups during all the time evaluated. We also observed by LDU analysis that the IC route lead to higher parasitism in the liver and spleen with both strains. Furthermore, qPCR showed higher sensitivity for identifying animals with low parasitic burden. In conclusion, qPCR can be useful for assessing parasitism in the spleen and liver of a hamster model infected with L. infantum independent of the route of infection, and this technique may become an essential tool for assessing parasite density in the hamster model after experimental treatment or immunization with potential vaccine candidates.