Navegando por Autor "Velásquez Meléndez, Jorge Gustavo"

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Early-life nutritional status and metabolic syndrome : gender-specific associations from a cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).
(2018) Briskiewicz, Bruna Lucas; Barreto, Sandhi Maria; Amaral, Joana Ferreira do; Diniz, Maria de Fátima Haueisen Sander; Molina, Maria del Carmen Bisi; Matos, Sheila Maria Alvim de; Cardoso, Leticia de Oliveira; Velásquez Meléndez, Jorge Gustavo; Schmidt, Maria Inês; Gonçalves, Luana Giatti
Objective: In the present study we investigated gender-specific associations of low birth weight (LBW) and shorter relative leg length with metabolic syndrome (MetS) after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and health-related behaviours. We also investigated whether these associations are independent of age at menarche and BMI at 20 years old. Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Subjects: Baseline data from 12 602 participants (35–74 years) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), 2008–2010. Setting: MetS was defined according to the revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. LBW (<2·5 kg) and age- and sex-standardized relative leg length (high, medium and low) were the explanatory variables studied. The strength of the associations between the explanatory variables and MetS was estimated by Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: MetS prevalence was 34·2 %; it was more prevalent in men (36·8 %) than in women (32·2 %). In multivariate analysis, LBW was associated (prevalence ratio; 95 % CI) with MetS only in women (1·28; 1·24, 1·45). Shorter leg length was associated with MetS in both men (1·21; 1·09, 1·35 and 1·46; 1·29, 1·65 for low and medium lengths, respectively) and women (1·12; 1·00, 1·25 and 1·40; 1·22, 1·59 for low and medium lengths, respectively). Additional adjustments for age at menarche and BMI at 20 years old did not change the associations. Conclusions: Poor nutritional status as estimated by LBW and lower leg length in childhood was associated with a higher prevalence of MetS, although LBW was a significant factor only among women.
Prevalência da Síndrome Metabólica e seus componentes na população adulta brasileira.
(2020) Oliveira, Laís Vanessa Assunção; Santos, Bruna Nicole Soares dos; Machado, Ísis Eloah; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Velásquez Meléndez, Jorge Gustavo; Mendes, Mariana Santos Felisbino
Estimou-se a prevalência de Síndrome Metabólica (SM) e seus componentes na população brasileira de acordo com fatores sociodemográficos. Estudo transversal, de base populacional, com dados laboratoriais da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde. Estimou-se prevalência da SM e seus componentes com intervalos de 95% de confiança e Razão de Prevalência (RP) não ajustada e ajustada utilizando regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de SM foi de 38,4%. A circunferência da cintura (CC) alta (65,5%) e colesterol HDL baixo (49,4%) foram os componentes mais prevalentes, inclusive nos jovens. A ocorrência de SM foi maior entre mulheres (41,8%), indivíduos com baixa escolaridade (47,5%) e idosos (66,1%). Na análise ajustada, sexo feminino (RP = 1,16; IC95% 1,08- 1,24), idade avançada (RP = 3,69; IC95% 3,26- 4,17) e baixa escolaridade (RP = 1,32; IC95% 1,17-1,49) associaram-se à ocorrência de SM. A SM foi muito prevalente na população brasileira, principalmente entre mulheres, indivíduos com baixa escolaridade e idosos. A CC alta e o colesterol HDL baixo foram os componentes mais frequentes, com o agravante de prevalências altas em adultos jovens. Esses achados revelam a necessidade de considerar dados laboratoriais para uma análise mais precisa dessa condição, o que em âmbito nacional pode ser um desafio.
Prevalência de colesterol total e frações alterados na população adulta brasileira : Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde.
(2019) Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann; Machado, Ísis Eloah; Pereira, Cimar Azeredo; Figueiredo, André William; Sá, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de; Velásquez Meléndez, Jorge Gustavo; Santos, Filipe Malta dos; Souza Junior, Paulo Roberto Borges de; Stopa, Sheila Rizzato; Rosenfeld, Luiz Gastão Mange
Objetivo: Analisar as prevalências dos níveis de colesterol total e frações alterados na população brasileira, segundo dados bioquímicos da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, utilizando dados laboratoriais da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde coletados entre os anos de 2014 e 2015. Foram analisados exames de colesterol total e frações e calculadas prevalências populacionais de valores alterados segundo variáveis sociodemográficas. Consideraram-se os seguintes pontos de corte: colesterol total ≥ 200 mg/dL; lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LDL) ≥ 130 mg/dL e lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL) < 40 mg/dL. Resultados: A prevalência de colesterol total ≥ 200 mg/dL na população foi de 32,7%, mais elevada em mulheres (35,1%). A prevalência de HDL alterado foi de 31,8%, sendo de 42,8% no sexo masculino e 22,0% no feminino. LDL ≥ 130 mg/dL foi observado em 18,6%, com prevalência mais elevada em mulheres (19,9%). População com idade de 45 anos ou mais e com baixa escolaridade apresentou maiores prevalências de colesterol com alterações. Conclusão: Valores de colesterol total e frações alterados foram frequentes na população brasileira, especialmente entre mulheres, idosos e pessoas de baixa escolaridade. Esses resultados poderão orientar as ações de controle e prevenção, como alimentação saudável, atividade física e tratamento, visando à prevenção de doenças coronarianas.
The burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to high BMI in Brazil, 1990– 2017 : findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study.
(2020) Mendes, Mariana Santos Felisbino; Cousin, Ewerton; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Machado, Ísis Eloah; Ribeiro, Antônio Luiz Pinho; Duncan, Bruce Bartholow; Schmidt, Maria Inês; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Glenn, Scott; Afshin, Ashkan; Velásquez Meléndez, Jorge Gustavo
Background: The prevalence and burden of disease resulting from obesity have increased worldwide. In Brazil, more than half of the population is now overweight. However, the impact of this growing risk factor on disease burden remains inexact. Using the 2017 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) results, this study sought to estimate mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost to non-communicable diseases caused by high body mass index (BMI) in both sexes and across age categories. This study also aimed to describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity throughout the states of Brazil. Methods: Age-standardized prevalence of overweight and obesity were estimated between 1990 and 2017. A comparative risk assessment was applied to estimate DALYs and deaths for non-communicable diseases and for all causes linked to high BMI. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased during the period of analysis. Overall, age- standardized prevalence of obesity in Brazil was higher in females (29.8%) than in males (24.6%) in 2017; however, since 1990, males have presented greater rise in obesity (244.1%) than females (165.7%). Increases in prevalence burden were greatest in states from the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. Overall, burden due to high BMI also increased from 1990 to 2017. In 2017, high BMI was responsible for 12.3% (8.8–16.1%) of all deaths and 8.4% (6.3– 10.7%) of total DALYs lost to non-communicable diseases, up from 7.2% (4.1–10.8%), and 4.6% (2.4-6.0%) in 1990, respectively. Change due to risk exposure is the leading contributor to the growth of BMI burden in Brazil. In 2017, high BMI was responsible for 165,954 deaths and 5,095,125 DALYs. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes have proven to be the most prevalent causes of deaths, along with DALYs caused by high BMI, regardless of sex or state. Conclusions: This study demonstrates increasing age-standardized prevalence of obesity in all Brazilian states. High BMI plays an important role in disease burdens in terms of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and all causes of mortality. Assessing levels and trends in exposures to high BMI and the resulting disease burden highlights the current priority for primary prevention and public health action initiatives focused on obesity.
Trends in mortality due to non- communicable diseases in the Brazilian adult population : national and subnational estimates and projections for 2030.
(2020) Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Duncan, Bruce Bartholow; Schmidt, Maria Inês; Teixeira, Renato; Ribeiro, Antônio Luiz Pinho; Mendes, Mariana Santos Felisbino; Machado, Ísis Eloah; Velásquez Meléndez, Jorge Gustavo; Brant, Luisa Campos Caldeira; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Passos, Valéria Maria de Azeredo; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Cousin, Ewerton; Glenn, Scott; Naghavi, Mohsen
Background: Monitoring and reducing premature mortality due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a global priority of Agenda 2030. This study aimed to describe the mortality trends and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to NCDs between 1990 and 2017 for Brazil and to project those for 2030 as well as the risk factors (RFs) attributed deaths according to estimates of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Methods: We analyzed cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, neoplasms, and diabetes, and compared the mortality rates in 1990 and 2017 for all of Brazil and states. The study used the definition of premature mortality (30–69 years) that is used by the World Health Organization. The number of deaths, mortality rates, DALYs, and years of life lost (YLL) were used to compare 1990 and 2017. We analyzed the YLL for NCDs attributable to RFs. Results: There was a reduction of 35.3% from 509.1 deaths/100,000 inhabitants (1990) to 329.6 deaths/100,000 inhabitants due to NCDs in 2017. The DALY rate decreased by 33.6%, and the YLL rate decreased by 36.0%. There were reductions in NCDs rates in all 27 states. The main RFs related to premature deaths by NCDs in 2017 among women were high body mass index (BMI), dietary risks, high systolic blood pressure, and among men, dietary risks, high systolic blood pressure, tobacco, and high BMI. Trends in mortality rates due to NCDs declined during the study period; however, after 2015, the curve reversed, and rates fluctuated and tended to increase. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted a decline in premature mortality rates from NCDs nationwide and in all states. There was a greater reduction in deaths from cardiovascular diseases, followed by respiratory diseases, and we observed a minor reduction for those from diabetes and neoplasms. The observed fluctuations in mortality rates over the last 3 years indicate that if no further action is taken, we may not achieve the NCD Sustainable Development Goals. These findings draw attention to the consequences of austerity measures in a socially unequal setting with great regional disparities in which the majority of the population is dependent on state social policies.