Navegando por Autor "Sanson, Ananda Lima"
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Item Análise proteômica da espécie exótica invasora Limnoperna fortunei para fins de prospecção de alvos para o controle e monitoramento.(2018) Sanson, Ananda Lima; Borges, William de Castro; Borges, William de Castro; Sant'Anna, Eneida Maria Eskinazi; Ruiz, Jeronimo Conceição; Borges, Marcia Helena; Silva, Silvana de QueirozA espécie invasora de origem asiática Limnoperna fortunei, conhecida como mexilhão dourado, foi identificada pela primeira vez no Brasil em 1998 no Rio Grande do Sul e, deste então, vem provocando grandes danos econômicos e ambientais, tais como paradas de turbinas em hidrelétricas, entupimento de tubulações, morte de peixes, etc, principalmente por sua capacidade de fixação e proliferação. Neste contexto, o desenvolvimento de métodos capazes de propiciar sua caracterização com vistas ao controle das formas larvais e adultas é de grande interesse econômico, científico e tecnológico. Desde 2014 iniciativas como a elucidação do transcriptoma, genoma mitocondrial e mais recentemente da disponibilidade de dados genômicos dessa espécie tem permitido a aplicação de ferramentas moleculares que permitem estabelecer relações de expressão gênica diferencial frente a exposição a condições ambientais ou agentes diversos. Nesse trabalho, nós reportamos a identificação de 3.233 proteínas de L. fortunei via análise em larga escala (shotgun) empregando-se a cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massas (LC-MS/MS). Proteínas de interesse tais como aquelas relacionadas a processos secretórios do parasito bem como vários receptores de membrana representam novos alvos passíveis de intervenção para o controle da espécie. Atenção particular foi dada às subunidades do proteassoma identificadas nesse trabalho. Esse complexo proteolítico é o principal responsável por degradação intracelular de proteínas em eucariotos e constitui alvo interessante para ação de drogas que modulam sua atividade. Neste contexto, o proteassoma 20S de L. fortunei foi obtido em grau satisfatório de homogeneidade e suas atividades peptidásicas avaliadas por meio de peptídeos fluorogênicos. Análises de LC-MS/MS permitiram a identificação de 13 das 14 subunidades que compõem a porção catalítica do proteassoma 20S. Ademais, os dados de proteômica permitiram confirmar a expressão dos principais representantes do sistema proteolítico de degradação intracelular dependente de ubiquitina e proteassoma 26S em L. fortunei. A última abordagem desse trabalho consistiu no bioensaio com a exposição do molusco a diferentes concentrações do moluscicida niclosamida (0,25 a 8,0 mg.L-1) para avaliação das alterações proteômicas induzidas. Ao todo, 46 proteínas diferencialmente expressas entre os indivíduos dos grupos controle e teste foram apontadas. Os resultados obtidos com esta abordagem constituem o primeiro inventário do proteoma expresso da espécie invasora L. fortunei e podem contribuir com a proposição racional de novos alvos moleculares para programas de controle e monitoramento desse bioinvasor.Item Análise proteômica dos alvos ligantes de niclosamida em extrato solúvel de Limnoperna fortunei Dunker, 1857.(2023) Nilsen, Luis Henrique Flores; Borges, William de Castro; Andrade, Milton Hércules Guerra de; Borges, William de Castro; Sanson, Ananda Lima; Cabral, Fernanda JankuA espécie Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857), é um molusco bivalve, conhecido popularmente como mexilhão dourado o qual representa atualmente um sério problema ambiental e econômico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização do proteoma solúvel de L. fortunei por meio de cromatografia de afinidade com imobilizante niclosamida para a prospecção de possíveis alvos ligantes desse moluscicida. Para este fim, a niclosamida foi reconstruída no adsorvente em resina de Sepharose 4B. O extrato total do mexilhão dourado, L. fortunei, foi aplicado à coluna de afinidade e após lavagens sucessivas da coluna, as proteínas ligantes foram eluídas com niclosamida/DMSO. Em seguida, procedeu-se com a identificação em larga escala das proteínas eluídas por meio de cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massas (LC-MS/MS). A interrogação dos dados espectrais, contra o proteoma predito de L. fortunei, permitiu a identificação de 221 grupos de proteínas. A anotação das proteínas identificadas foi realizada por meio de busca de similaridade, utilizando o algoritmo BLASTp. Dentre as proteínas identificadas destacam-se aquelas pertencentes ao citoesqueleto, como actina beta 1, tubulinas (isoformas alfa e beta), além de proteínas relacionadas ao estresse e imunidade tais como proteínas de choque térmico, sendo elas: HSP90, HSP70 e HSP20 e calreticulin. Os resultados obtidos permitiram agregar conhecimento molecular ao mecanismo de ação da niclosamida bem como apontar novas possibilidades para intervenção no controle da proliferação deste molusco invasor.Item Analysis of tylosin in poultry litter by HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS/MS after LTPE.(2020) Paranhos, Aline Gomes de Oliveira; Pereira, Andressa Rezende; Fonseca, Isadora Chagas da; Sanson, Ananda Lima; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco; Aquino, Sergio Francisco deThe growing demand for chicken meat in Brazil encourages poultry producers to invest in antibiotics as growth promoters to ensure the quality of their products. Among these, the antibiotic tylosin is a widely used growth promoter that assists in the treatment of necrotic enteritis. Antibiotics usually are not totally metabolised and may be excreted in its original form, thereby contaminating different environmental compartments and may induce microbial resistance. Therefore, analyses of such contaminants in different matrices are important to perform risk assessments and this often depends on the development of extraction methods to allow the quantification of the substance at low concentrations. This work presents a simple and cheap methodology which employs low-temperature partitioning extraction (LTPE) for the analysis of tylosin in poultry litter samples by HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS/MS. The analytical method developed was validated according to Brazilian regulating agencies (ANVISA and MAPA) and resulted in method detection (LDM) and quantification (LQM) limits of 6.32 μg.kg−1 and 21.12 μg.kg−1, respectively. The analysis of the waste from a chicken broiler company, located in Minas Gerais, confirmed the adequacy of the method, since it detected tylosin at average concentrations of 135.22 μg.kg−1 and 264.92 μg.kg−1 in poultry litter from sheds containing birds in the rearing and production phase, respectively.Item Assessment of conventional full-scale treatment for the removal of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals present in the Tibagi river -Paraná state, Brazil-.(2021) Fazolo, Ajadir; Batista, Lígia Flávia Antunes; Nonaka, Fernanda Martins; Sanson, Ananda Lima; Alves, Mariana Corrêa Pessato; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco; Aquino, Sergio Francisco deThe concentrations of 25 pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors were monitored in the water coming from the Tibagi River (State of Paraná, Brazil) and in a conventional water treatment plant over 13 sampling campaigns. In raw water, only 3 compounds (bisphenol A, dexamethasone and losartan) were detected with high frequency (>75%) and 4 drugs (estradiol, diclofenac, loratadine and naproxen) were found with moderate frequency (between 30 and 70%). In addition, 7 micropollutants (paracetamol, ethinylestradiol, caffeine, propanolol, diltiazem, benzafibrate and promethazine) were not detected in any of the samples analyzed and 11 other compounds were quantified at low frequency (up to 25%). The conventional treatment process employed at WTP- Jataizinho has proven to be very efficient in removing dexamethasone (∼99%), moderately efficient in reducing bisphenol A (∼47%) concentration and inefficient in removing losartan (∼22%) and loratadine (not removed). The greatest removals were observed during the water clarification stage using aluminum sulfate as coagulant. In general, the dry and rainy seasons did not influence the concentrations of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in raw water. In terms of the 5 most prevalent micropollutants in treated water (bisphenol A, losartan, dexamethasone, loratadine and naproxen), the human health risk associated with ingesting contaminated water was assessed and considered negligible.Item Avaliação de risco ambiental de fármacos e desreguladores endócrinos presentes no esgoto sanitário brasileiro.(2023) Barán, Tatiana Wieczorko; Aquino, Sergio Francisco de; Sanson, Ananda LimaEste estudo investigou a ocorrência, remoção e impacto na biota aquática de 19 contaminantes de preocupação emergente (CEC) comumente reportados no esgoto brasileiro bruto e/ou tratado. Para 14 CEC (E1, E2, EE2, GEN, DCF, PCT, BPA, IBU, NPX, CAF, TMP, SMX, CIP, LEV), sua presença em esgoto tratado apresentou um alto risco ambiental em pelo menos 2 dos 6 cenários de diluição considerados. Os quocientes de risco (RQ) para o cenário com capacidade de diluição ótima foram estimados em 13584 para EE2; 2604 para E2; 1068 para E1; 193 para TMP; 160 para SMX; 12 para NPX; 7 para DCF; 4 para CAF e 3 para BPA. Os CEC mais preocupantes do ponto de vista ecotoxicológico (EE2, E2, E1 com RQ>1000) foram detectados em efluentes de estações de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) brasileiras em concentrações que variaram de 122 a 288 μg L-1. Constatou-se também que para 15 dos 19 CEC, o valor limite para proteção ambiental também protegeria a saúde humana se tais compostos não forem removidos durante o tratamento de água.Item Behavior of pharmaceuticals in UV photoreactors fed with sewage treated by anaerobic/aerobic system.(2017) Lopes, Bruna Coelho; Sanson, Ananda Lima; Aquino, Sergio Francisco de; Souza, Cláudio Leite de; Chernicharo, Carlos Augusto de Lemos; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia FrancoThis work has assessed the seasonal changes and the dynamics in the concentration of six pharmaceutical compounds during photolysis as a tertiary treatment of sewage previously treated by an anaerobic/aerobic system comprised by a UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor and a trickling filter (TF). The target compounds were 4 antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, sulfamethoxazole, trimetoprime), 1 beta blocker (atenolol) and 1 anti-inflammatory (diclofenac). Six hydraulic retention times (HRT) were evaluated (5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 minutes) with the intent of varying the UVC radiation doses applied to the effluent from biological treatment containing the target contaminants. The concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds in the effluent of the UASB/TF system were in agreement with the concentration levels reported in the literature. Aside from DCF, the seasonality seems to be a preponderant characteristic regarding the pharmaceutical concentration found in the effluent of biological treatment systems. The radiation dose of 117 mJ.cm-² seemed to be most suited for the photolysis application to tertiary treatment of domestic effluents. It was observed that lower UVC doses led to deconjugation of pharmaceuticals which can result in increased concentrations of target pollutants in the photo-reactor effluent.Item Chemical fingerprint of non‐aged artisanal sugarcane spirits using kohonen artifcial neural network.(2022) Caetano, Daniela; Lima, Clara Mariana Gonçalves; Sanson, Ananda Lima; Silva, Débora Faria; Hassemer, Guilherme de Souza; Verruck, Silvani; Gregório, Sandra Regina; Silva, Gilmare Antônia da; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco; Coutrim, Maurício Xavier; Batiha, Gaber El‐Saber; Gandara, Jesus SimalThis study focuses on the determination of the chemical profle of 24 non-aged Brazilian artisanal sugarcane spirits (cachaça) samples through chromatographic quantifcation and chemometric treatment via principal component analysis (PCA) and Kohonen’s neural network. In total, forty-seven (47) chemical compounds were identifed in the samples of non-aged artisanal cachaça, in addition to determining alcohol content, volatile acidity, and copper. For the PCA of the chemical compounds’ profle, it could be observed that the samples were grouped into seven groups. On the other hand, the variables’ bearings were grouped together, making it difcult to separate the components in relation to the sample groups and reducing the chances of obtaining all the necessary information. However, by using a Kohonen’s neural network, samples were grouped into eight groups. This tool proved to be more accurate in the groups’ formation. Among the chemical classes of the com- pounds observed, esters stood out, followed by alcohols, acids, aldehydes, ketones, phenol, and copper. The abundance of esters in these samples may suggest that these compounds would be part of the regional standard for cachaças produced in the region of Salinas, Minas Gerais.Item Chemometric approach to optimize the operational parameters of ESI for the determination of contaminants of emerging concern in aqueous matrices by LC-IT-TOF-HRMS.(2014) Rodrigues, Keila Letícia Teixeira; Sanson, Ananda Lima; Quaresma, Amanda de Vasconcelos; Gomes, Rafaela de Paiva; Silva, Gilmare Antônia da; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia FrancoContaminants of emerging concern are organic compounds used in large quantities by the society for various purposes. They have shown biological activity at lowconcentrations,which gives great environmental relevance. The difficulty to detect and quantify contaminants of emerging concern in the environment stimulates the development of appropriate analytical methods. In this work a chemometric approach to positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) optimization for the simultaneous determination of contaminants of emerging concern in water samples by liquid chromatography-ion trap-time of flight-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF-HRMS) was applied. Three types of phase modifiers were used: formic acid, ammonium hydroxide and formic acid/ammonium formate. The effects of operational parameters such as mobile phase modifier concentrations, mobile phase flow rate, heating block temperature and drying gas flow rate were evaluated by the 24− 1 fractional factorial experimental design, resolution IV, in the screening phase and byDoehlert experimental design. Initial factorial experimental design studies indicated that the phasemodifier ammonium hydroxide was more efficient compared to the other evaluated modifiers. It provided higher ion intensities to the majority of analytes. Doehlert experimental design allowed finding a region indicative of the optimum experimental conditions for most analytes. The best experimental condition observedwas 3.5mMammoniumhydroxide concentration; 0.0917 mL/min of mobile phase; 300 °C heating block temperature; and drying gas at 200 kPa. These optimized parameters resulted in decreased detection limits of the method. The optimized method was applied to the evaluation of water samples coming from the Rio Doce basin — Minas Gerais/Brazil utilizing multivariate exploratory techniques such as principal component analysis and Kohonen neural network. In this way, the use of chemometric approach showed to be a promisingway to optimize the simultaneous determination of twentyone contaminants of emerging concern in aqueous matrices by LC-IT-TOF-HRMS using ESI.Item Degradation of a model azo dye in submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR) operated with powdered activated carbon (PAC).(2013) Baeta, Bruno Eduardo Lobo; Luna, H. J.; Sanson, Ananda Lima; Silva, Silvana de Queiroz; Aquino, Sergio Francisco deThis work investigated the anaerobic degradation of the model azo dye Remazol Yellow Gold RNL in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) and two submerged anaerobic membrane (SAMBR) bioreactors, one of which (SAMBR-1) was operated with powdered activated carbon (PAC) in its interior. The reactors were operated at 35 _C with a hydraulic retention time of 24 h in three operational phases, aimed to assess the effect of external sources of carbon (glucose) or redox mediator (yeast extract) on the removal or color and organic matter. The results showed that removal efficiencies of COD (73e94%) and color (90e94%) were higher for SAMBR-1 when compared to SAMBR-2 (operated without PAC) and UASB reactors. In addition, the presence of PAC in SAMBR-1 increased reactor stability, thereby leading to a lower accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA). The microfiltration membrane was responsible for an additional removal ofw50% of soluble residual COD in the form of VFA, thus improving permeate quality. On its turn, PAC exhibited the ability to adsorb byproducts (aromatic amines) of azo dye degradation as well as to act as source of immobilized redox mediator (quinone groups on its surface), thereby enhancing color removal.Item Descriptive screening and lexicon development of non-aged artisanal cachaça sensorial profile using principal component analysis and Kohonen artificial neural networks.(2021) Caetano, Daniela; Lima, Clara Mariana Gonçalves; Sanson, Ananda Lima; Silva, Débora Faria; Hassemer, Guilherme de Souza; Verruck, Silvani; Silva, Gilmare Antônia da; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco; Coutrim, Maurício Xavier; Gregório, Sandra ReginaCachaça is a distilled spirit made from sugarcane, exclusively produced in Brazil, and appreciated worldwide. This paper seeks to evaluate the sensory characteristics of 24 nonaged artisanal cachaça samples from Salinas (Minas Gerais, Brazil) through descriptive analysis, as well as chemometrically treat the obtained data based on prin- cipal components analysis (PCA) and Kohonen's neural network. The attributes (23) were divided between aroma (11) and flavor (12). PCA does not show good dif- ferentiation of nonaged cachaça samples. On the other hand, by using Kohonen's neural network it was possible to group samples according to their aroma and flavor characteristics in 9 and 10 distinct groups, respectively. A reduced number of descriptors could be used to describe the flavor of cachaça samples (alcohol, acidic, sweet, bitter, citric, tar, and burning), as significant correlations (R > 0.70, p < .05) exist among them with fruity, bagasse, fermented sugarcane juice, and astringent descriptors. This diminution on descriptors numbers could be able to reduce the workload of the judging panel with no losses to the sample' sensory characterization. The use of Kohonen's network chemometric treatment for treat sensory data showed to be a better alternative that PCA approach in this study.Item Desenvolvimento de métodos baseados na extração com partição à baixa temperatura para determinação simultânea de antibióticos em matrizes de estações de tratamento de esgoto por HPLC-MS/MS.(2021) Cunha, Camila Cristina Rodrigues Ferreira da; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco; Sanson, Ananda Lima; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco; Queiroz, Maria Eliana Lopes Ribeiro de; Brandt, Emanuel Manfred Freire; Faria, Adriana Ferreira; Aquino, Sergio Francisco de; Baeta, Bruno Eduardo LoboA ocorrência de antibióticos em matrizes ambientais constitui uma potencial ameaça à saúde pública, uma vez que contribui para a o desenvolvimento e disseminação da resistência bacteriana. Dessa forma, a determinação do nível de contaminação dos antibióticos e seu lançamento no meio ambiente, particularmente pelos sistemas de tratamento de esgotos, são de fundamental importância para apoiar estudos de investigação do perfil de resistência bacteriana. Neste trabalho, métodos analíticos foram desenvolvidos e validados baseados na extração por partição em baixa temperatura (LTPE) seguida por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada à espectrometria de massas (HPLC-MS/MS) para a determinação multiclasse de antibióticos em matrizes complexas de estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE), o qual inclui o esgoto bruto, tratado e o lodo anaeróbio. Os antibióticos analisados no esgoto foram: amoxicilina, cefalexina, sulfametoxazol, sulfadiazina, trimetoprima, ciprofloxacina, norfloxacina, levofloxacina e eritromicina, enquanto que para a matriz de lodo de esgoto foram: sulfametoxazol, sulfadiazina e trimetoprima. A quantificação dos antibióticos foi realizada pelo método da dupla injeção consecutiva, sem o uso de calibração interna com compostos marcados, a fim de corrigir os efeitos de matriz. Para a matriz de esgoto, os parâmetros avaliados e otimizados na LTPE foram: pH da amostra, razão volumétrica entre amostra e o solvente extrator, tempo de extração em banho ultrassônico, material do tubo de extração, solvente e volume para reconstituir os extratos da amostra. Adicionalmente, a influência dos sólidos presentes na matriz de esgoto foi avaliada. Amostras de esgoto na sua forma integral, incluindo as frações líquidas e sólidas do esgoto foram analisadas. Os resultados revelaram que a etapa de filtração, usualmente utilizada em várias técnicas de extração de analitos em amostras ambientais complexas, pode subestimar a concentração total de antibióticos presentes, principalmente, para os compostos hidrofóbicos que possuem maior afinidade pelos sólidos. O limite de detecção do método variou de 18,54 ng L-1 (trimetoprima) à 78,49 ng L-1 (ciprofloxacina), exceto para a amoxicilina que apresentou um limite de detecção maior (235,80 ng L-1 ). Precisão intradia (coeficiente de variação) menor do que 12,3% foi alcançada. Os valores de recuperação variaram de 13,9 (sulfadiazina) à 48,9% (eritromicina) nas amostras de esgoto bruto e de 19,1% (sulfadiazina) a 57,2% (ciprofloxacina) nas amostras de esgoto tratado. Na matriz de lodo de esgoto, avaliou-se a influência das seguintes variáveis no procedimento de extração: massa seca (ms) de lodo de esgoto, tempo de extração em banho ultrassônico, pH da solução tampão e número de ciclos de extração. Os limites de detecção do método variaram de 3,66 ng g-1 ms (trimetoprima) à 11,37 ng g-1 ms (sulfametoxazol). A precisão intradia alcançada foi menor do que 18,9%. Os valores de recuperação variaram de 29,1% (sulfadiazina) à 70,6% (trimetoprima). Os métodos desenvolvidos e validados foram aplicados para a determinação multirresíduo de antibióticos em esgoto bruto, tratado e lodo de esgoto. Seis dos nove antibióticos investigados foram detectados no esgoto bruto e cinco foram encontrados no esgoto tratado. Já no lodo de esgoto, apenas a trimetoprima foi detectada. O trabalho fornece uma nova compreensão sobre a aplicabilidade de LTPE para extração de resíduos de antibióticos de esgoto e lodo de esgoto.Item Equipamento de baixo custo para extração em fase sólida em amostras aquosas de grande volume utilizando pressão positiva de N2.(2014) Sanson, Ananda Lima; Baeta, Bruno Eduardo Lobo; Rodrigues, Keila Letícia Teixeira; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia FrancoExtraction/concentration is a crucial step for the analysis of organic compounds at trace level concentrations and dispersed in complex matrices. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is one of the techniques used for this purpose. In this work, a low cost apparatus for SPE was developed that uses nitrogen under positive pressure and ensures the maintenance of the sample flow, while also allows the simultaneous extraction of different samples without cross-contamination and sample contact with plastic materials. For the system set up, easily accessible materials were used such as hypodermic needles, stainless steel tubes, rubber stoppers, and 3-way valves from serum delivery apparatus.Item Estudo da extração e desenvolvimento de metodologia para determinação simultânea de microcontaminantes orgânicos em água superficial por GC-MS e métodos quimiométricos.(2012) Sanson, Ananda Lima; Silva, Gilmare Antônia da; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia FrancoMicrocontaminantes emergentes constituem um grupo de substâncias que é foco de intensa preocupação por parte de diversas agências internacionais. Neste grupo encontram-se diferentes classes de contaminantes, sendo elas: poluentes orgânicos persistentes, fármacos e produtos de cuidados pessoais, medicamentos veterinários, perturbadores endócrinos e nanomateriais. Mesmo sendo encontrados em concentrações da ordem de ng/L os mesmos são capazes de provocar efeitos adversos em humanos e na vida aquática; por este motivo seu monitoramento se faz necessário. Neste trabalho foram estudadas as seguintes classes de microcontaminantes: perturbadores endócrinos (estradiol, etinilestradiol, estrona, 4-octilfenol, 4-nonilfenol, dietilftalato, dietilhexilftalato e bisfenol A), fármacos (diclofenaco, ibuprofeno, paracetamol, naproxeno, ácido acetil salicílico e genfibrozila) e o estimulante cafeína. Como as concentrações desses contaminantes em água são bastante reduzidas é preciso realizar uma etapa de extração para que suas análises sejam viáveis. Deste modo foram estudadas as seguintes técnicas: extração em fase sólida (SPE), extração líquido-líquido (LLE) e microextração líquido-líquido dispersiva (DLLME). Para um estudo sistemático de todas as variáveis que podem influenciar as metodologias de extração, foram utilizados planejamentos experimentais multivariados (fatorial fracionário e Doehlert, ambos com ponto central). A SPE foi a técnica mais efetiva e as três variáveis estudadas foram significativas (volume, pH da amostra e pH da lavagem). A maioria dos analitos apresentaram valores de área cromatográfica maximizadas com o pH da amostra e da lavagem ácido e níveis médios de volume, dentro da faixa experimental investigada. Assim, a extração otimizada foi efetuada em cartucho Strata-X, com 500 mL de amostra em pH 2,0, lavagem com água em pH 2,0 e eluição realizada por 3 × 3 mL de acetato de etila. A determinação dos compostos estudados foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC-MS), passando por etapa prévia de derivatização, e a metodologia foi validada apresentando limite de detecção do método (MLOD) de 0,5 a 5,0 ppb e limite de quantificação do método (MLOQ) na ordem de 0,5 a 75 ppb, e valores de recuperação de 33 a 160 %. Ainda, por haver uma etapa anterior de pré-concentração, os níveis de concentração em amostras naturais passíveis de análise são 1.000 vezes menor. A metodologia desenvolvida foi utilizada para análise de amostras de água superficial coletadas ao longo da bacia do Rio Doce e os resultados dessas análises foram tratados por meio da análise das componentes principais e da rede neural de Kohonen, onde foi possível observar o perfil de contaminação das amostras coletadas e relacioná-lo com o local de coleta.Item Evaluation of EPS extraction protocols from anaerobic sludge for gel-based proteomic studies.(2015) Zorel, José Augusto; Aquino, Sergio Francisco de; Sanson, Ananda Lima; Borges, William de Castro; Silva, Silvana de QueirozDespite the importance of anaerobic sludge extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), their characterization is limited to information regarding their chemical classes and molecular size. This work explores the possibility of using proteomic techniques to study the proteins present in this matrix. Thus, this paper compares eight EPS extraction methods regarding extraction yield, protein/ carbohydrate ratio, size distribution profile and suitability to sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses. Despite the differences found in quantification and size exclusion chromatography assays, the band profile found for all methods was very similar. Considering the band pattern, extraction time and background level, heating method followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation proved to be the most appropriate method for gel-based analyses of anaerobic sludge EPS proteins.Item Impact of microaeration bioreactor on dissolved sulfide and methane removal from real UASB effluent for sewage treatment.(202) Souza, Cássia Cabral e; Sanson, Ananda Lima; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco; Chernicharo, Carlos Augusto de Lemos; Araújo, Juliana Calábria deTwo bioreactors were investigated as an alternative for the post-treatment of effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating domestic sewage, aiming at dissolved sulfide and methane removal. The bioreactors (R-control and R-air) were operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRT; 6 and 3 h) with or without aeration. Large sulfide and methane removal efficiencies were achieved by the microaerated reactor at HRT of 6 h. At this HRT, sulfide removal efficiencies were equal to 61% and 79%, and methane removal efficiencies were 31% and 55% for R-control and R-air, respectively. At an HRT of 3 h, sulfide removal efficiencies were 22% (R-control) and 33% (R-air) and methane removal did not occur. The complete oxidation of sulfide, with sulfate formation, prevailed in both phases and bioreactors. However, elemental sulfur formation was more predominant at an HRT of 6 h than at an HRT of 3 h. Taken together, the results show that post-treatment improved the anaerobic effluent quality in terms of chemical oxygen demand and solids removal. However, ammoniacal nitrogen was not removed due to either the low concentration of air provided or the absence of microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle.Item Influence of harvest season and maturation of different sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cultivars on the chemical composition of alembic Brazilian sugarcane spirit.(2017) Fernandes, Oscar William Barbosa; Silva, Débora Faria; Sanson, Ananda Lima; Coutrim, Maurício Xavier; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco; Eichler, Paulo; Santos, FernandoContrary to the ethanol industrial production, the quality and composition of sugar cane as raw material for the production of alembic cachaça have until now not been completely addressed. This work evaluated the influence of five different sugarcane cultivars and degree of maturation over the physicochemical composition of cachaça produced under strict controlled conditions. Three harvest seasons were used in order to obtain different stages of maturation. The sugarcane quality was assessed by the juice brix, sugarcane POL, reducing sugars, and purity. The cultivars quality did not differ within each harvest stage. However, significant quality differences were observed among sugarcane harvested in June and the other harvest months, particularly on reducing sugar content. This indicates different stages of sugarcane maturation. The 45 samples of cachaça produced from those sugarcanes were submitted to physicochemical and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) qualitative analysis. The GC/MS composition pattern showed that the type of cultivar did not alter the composition of the cachaça at the same harvest stage. Otherwise, the production of acetic acid, ethyl lactate and nbutyl alcohol was higher in the first harvest (June) when compared to the others. The results from sugar cane quality and GC/MS when submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) showed consistently the separation between the groups of cachaça produced in the three seasons, indicating the influence of sugarcane ripening over the cachaça composition.Item Method for the determination of benzene metabolite t,t-Muconic acid in urine by HPLC-UV with an Ion exclusion column.(2016) Gomes, Rafaela de Paiva; Sanson, Ananda Lima; Lobo, Fabiana Aparecida; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco; Coutrim, Maurício XavierThe benzene metabolite trans,trans-muconic acid (tt-MA) is widely used as a biological indicator of exposure to this xenobiotic. An analytical method was developed and validated for the determination of urinary tt-MA using solid phase extraction onto a Strata SAX cartridge. The analysis was performed by HPLC with an Aminex HPX-87H ion exclusion column and a UV diode array detector. The sample preparation conditions were optimized using a 24 1 factorial design. Comparison of the slopes of standard analytical curves prepared in aqueous solution and urine showed that the biological matrix suppressed the tt-MA signal by around 50%, so the analytical curves were prepared with tt-MA standard at low concentrations in pooled urine. The analytical curves in the range of 5–500 g L 1 showed determination coefficients values (R2) > 0.99 for tt-MA standard in water and R2 > 0.98 for tt-MA standards in pooled urine. The coefficients of variation obtained using seven replicates were lower than 3.6%, and recoveries of tt-MA from solutions containing 5, 25, 50 and 100 g L 1 of the analyte were in the range 85%–90%, demonstrating the satisfactory precision and accuracy of the method. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.11 and 0.36 g L 1, respectively. The benefits of this new method developed is the possibility of complete chromatographic peak separation for the determination of tt-MA at baseline, without matrix components’ interference as normally found in the C18 column. This is the first time that this chromatographic column has been used for the analysis of tt-MA in urine.Item Nutrition status and quantification of blood minerals by TXRF spectroscopy in vegetarian and non-vegetarian university students.(2019) Gonçalves, Alexandra Vieira; Pereira, Rafaela Corrêa; Bissoli, Marcos Coelho; Sanson, Ananda Lima; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco; Pereira, Michel Cardoso de AngelisThis study investigated whether university students following a vegetarian diet differed from non-vegetarian students in nutrient intake, biochemical, hematological and blood mineral profile of nutritionally relevant elements. In total, 107 students from a university, following either a non-vegetarian or a vegetarian diet for at least 1 year prior to the study, were recruited in two stages, setting up two experiments. Nutrient intake (experiment 1, n = 58), and biochemical and hematological parameters (experiment 2, n = 49) were evaluated. TXRF spectroscopy was used for determination of trace elements in whole blood. Vegetarians showed differences in nutrient intake, mainly higher consumption of unsaturated fatty acids and fiber. No significant differences in the biochemical and hematological parameters were found. The prevalence of abnormal parameters in a considerable number of vegetarians and non-vegetarians were found, mainly regarding high density lipoprotein (HDL-c) and total cholesterol (TC). TXRF spectroscopy proved to be a simple tool for determining nutrition-relevant elements (K, Fe, Cu and Zn) in blood samples. The high incidence of abnormal parameters, regardless of the dietary pattern, raises concern about the high prevalence of bad eating habits among young university students. Particularly for the vegetarian students, these results may partly counteract the beneficial lifestyle of a vegetarian diet evidenced by previous studies. It is important for students to be aware of its potential nutritional limitations. In this context, food and nutrition education programs in the academic context could contribute to set up autonomous and healthy subjects, regardless of the diet chosen.Item Occurrence and removal of drugs and endocrine disruptors in the Bolonha Water Treatment Plant in Belém/PA -Brazil-.(2021) Teixeira, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; Chaves, Juliane Ribeiro das; Mendonça, Neyson Martins; Sanson, Ananda Lima; Alves, Mariana Corrêa Pessato; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco; Aquino, Sergio Francisco deThis study aimed to investigate the occur- rence of drugs and endocrine disrupters in water sup- plies and in water for human consumption. Twelve sampling campaigns were carried out during the rainy and dry season at four sampling points in the Bolonha Complex, in the city of Belém, northern region of Brazil: Bolonha reservoir (catchment) and Water Treatment Plant (WTP) Bolonha (fltered water chamber, treated water tank, and washing water from the flters). The determination of the compounds was performed by solid phase extraction followed by gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spec- trometry. The results confrmed the anthropic infu- ence that the reservoir and WTP-Bolonha have been sufering, as consequence of the discharge of domes- tic sewage in natura. Among 25 microcontaminants analyzed, 12 were quantifed in raw water and 10 in treated water. The antiallergic Loratadine (LRT) was the contaminant that occurred most frequently in all sample points, having been poorly removed (median 12%) in the conventional treatment used. Losartana (LST), 4-octylphenol (4-OP), and Bisphenol A (BPA) also occurred very frequently in raw water with con- centrations ranging from 3.7 to 194 ng L−1. Although such contaminants occurred in treated water in con- centrations varying from 4.0 to 135 ng L−1, the esti- mated margin of exposure ranged from 55 to 3333 times which indicates low risk of human exposure to such contaminants through ingestion of treated water.Item Occurrence and removal of drugs and endocrine disruptors in water supply systems in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte -Minas Gerais State, Brazil-.(2022) Alves, Mariana Corrêa Pessato; Sanson, Ananda Lima; Quaresma, Amanda de Vasconcelos; Freitas, Mylena Gomes; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco; Aquino, Sergio Francisco deThis study evaluates both the occurrence and removal of 24 compounds, including drugs and endocrine disruptors, in 8 water treatment plants (WTP) located in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). The compounds 4-nonylphenol, 4-octylphenol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, 17β-estradiol, acy- clovir, bisphenol A, bezafbrate, cafeine, dexamethasone, diclofenac sodium, diltiazem, estrone, estriol, gemfbro- zil, ibuprofen, linezolid, loratadine, losartan, metformin, naproxen, paracetamol, promethazine, propranolol and sulfamethoxazole were monitored at 3 sampling points (raw water, fltered water, treated water) over 10 or 12 col- lection campaigns for each WTP. The results showed that bisphenol A occurred at higher concentrations during the dry period with a maximum concentration of 3257.1 ng L−1, while the compounds 4-nonylphenol and losartan exhibited higher concentrations in the rainy period with maximum concentrations of 8577.2 ng L−1 and 705.8 ng L−1, respectively. Regarding the removal of compounds in the monitored WTPs, the clarifcation step demon- strated better removals for 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol-A, paracetamol, and sulfamethoxazole, whereas the disinfec- tion step mainly removed the compounds 4-octylphenol and estrone. Margin of exposure (ME) assessment results indicated that only dexamethasone, ethinyl estradiol, diclofenac, estradiol, and estrone were classifed as immi- nent risk or alert considering the 95th percentile concen- tration found in the samples of treated water.