Navegando por Autor "Rodriguez, Daniel A."
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Item City-level travel time and individual dietary consumption in Latin American cities : results from the SALURBAL study.(2022) Guimarães, Joanna Miguez Nery; Acharya, Binod; Moore, Kari; López Olmedo, Nancy; Menezes, Mariana Carvalho de; Stern, Dalia; Friche, Amélia Augusta de Lima; Wang, Xize; Delclòs Alió, Xavier; Rodriguez, Daniel A.; Sarmiento Dueñas, Olga Lucia; Cardoso, Leticia de OliveiraThere is limited empirical evidence on how travel time affects dietary patterns, and even less in Latin American cities (LACs). Using data from 181 LACs, we investigated whether longer travel times at the city level are associated with lower consumption of vegetables and higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and if this association differs by city size. Travel time was measured as the average city-level travel time during peak hours and city-level travel delay time was measured as the average increase in travel time due to congestion on the street network during peak hours. Vegetables and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption were classified according to the frequency of consumption in days/week (5–7: “frequent”, 2–4: “medium”, and ≤1: “rare”). We estimate multilevel ordinal logistic regression modeling for pooled samples and stratified by city size. Higher travel time (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.65; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.49–0.87) and delay time (OR = 0.57; CI 0.34–0.97) were associated with lower odds of frequent vegetable consumption. For a rare SSB consumption, we observed an inverse association with the delay time (OR = 0.65; CI 0.44–0.97). Analysis stratified by city size show that these associations were significant only in larger cities. Our results suggest that travel time and travel delay can be potential urban determinants of food consumption.Item Disentangling associations between vegetation greenness and dengue in a Latin American city : findings and challenges.(2021) Cunha, Maria da Consolação Magalhães; Ju, Yang; Morais, Maria Helena Franco; Dronova, Iryna; Ribeiro, Sérvio Pontes; Bruhn, Fábio Raphael Pascoti; Lima, Larissa Lopes; Sales, Denise Marques; Schultes, Olivia Lang; Rodriguez, Daniel A.; Caiaffa, Waleska TeixeiraBeing a Re-Emerging Infectious Disease, dengue causes 390 million cases globally and is prevalent in many urban areas in South America. Understanding the fine-scale relationships between dengue incidence and environmental and socioeconomic factors can guide improved disease prevention strategies. This ecological study examines the association between dengue incidence and satellite-based vegetation greenness in 3826 census tracts nested in 474 neighborhoods in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, during the 2010 dengue epidemic. To reduce potential bias in the estimated dengue-greenness association, we adjusted for socioeconomic vulnerability, population density, building height and density, land cover composition, elevation, weather patterns, and neighborhood random effects. We found that vegetation greenness was negatively associated with dengue incidence in a univariate model, and this association attenuated after controlling for additional covariates. The dengue-greenness association was modified by socioeconomic vulnerability: while a positive association was observed in the least vulnerable census tracts, the association was negative in the most vulnerable areas. Using greenness as a proxy for vegetation quality, our results show the potential of vegetation management in reducing dengue incidence, particularly in socioeconomically vulnerable areas. We also discuss the role of water infrastructure, sanitation services, and tree cover in lowering dengue risk.Item Is city-level travel time by car associated with individual obesity or diabetes in Latin American cities? : evidence from 178 cities in the SALURBAL project.(2022) Delclòs Alió, Xavier; Rodriguez, Daniel A.; López Olmedo, Nancy; Pérez Ferrer, Carolina; Moore, Kari; Stern, Dalia; Menezes, Mariana Carvalho de; Cardoso, Leticia de Oliveira; Wang, Xize; Guimarães, Joanna Miguez Nery; Miranda, J. Jaime; Sarmiento Dueñas, Olga LuciaThere is growing evidence that longer travel time by private car poses physical and mental risks. Individual-level obesity and diabetes, two of the main public health challenges in low- and middle-income contexts, could be associated to city-level travel times by car. We used individual obesity and diabetes data from national health surveys from individuals in 178 Latin American cities, compiled and harmonized by the SALURBAL project. We calculated city-level travel times by car using the Google Maps Distance Matrix API. We estimated associations between peak hour city-level travel time by car and obesity and diabetes using multilevel logistic regression models, while adjusting for individual characteristics and other city-level covariates. In our study we did not observe a relationship between city-level peak-hour travel time by car and individual obesity and diabetes, as reported in previous research for individual time spent in vehicles in high-income settings. Our results suggest that this relationship may be more complex in Latin America compared to other settings, especially considering that cities in the region are characterized by high degrees of population density and compactness and by a higher prevalence of walking and public transportation use.Item Life expectancy and mortality in 363 cities of Latin America.(2021) Bilal, Usama; Hessel, Philipp; Pérez Ferrer, Carolina; Michael, Yvonne L.; Alfaro, Tania; Tenorio Mucha, Janeth; Friche, Amélia Augusta de Lima; Pina, Maria de Fátima de; Vives, Alejandra; Quick, Harrison; Alazraqui, Marcio; Rodriguez, Daniel A.; Miranda, J. Jaime; Roux, Ana V. DiezThe concept of a so-called urban advantage in health ignores the possibility of heterogeneity in health outcomes across cities. Using a harmonized dataset from the SALURBAL project, we describe variability and predictors of life expectancy and propor- tionate mortality in 363 cities across nine Latin American countries. Life expectancy differed substantially across cities within the same country. Cause-specific mortality also varied across cities, with some causes of death (unintentional and violent inju- ries and deaths) showing large variation within countries, whereas other causes of death (communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional, cancer, cardiovascular disease and other noncommunicable diseases) varied substantially between countries. In multivariable mixed models, higher levels of education, water access and sanitation and less overcrowding were associated with longer life expectancy, a relatively lower proportion of communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional deaths and a higher proportion of deaths from cancer, cardiovascular disease and other noncommunicable diseases. These results highlight considerable heterogeneity in life expectancy and causes of death across cities of Latin America, revealing modifiable factors that could be amenable to urban policies aimed toward improving urban health in Latin America and more generally in other urban environments.