Insignificant level of in vitro cytotoxicity, anti‑rotavirus, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of N‑alkylmaleamic acids.

Abstract

By reacting maleic anhydride with amines, we synthesized the derivatives N‑ethyl, N‑(2‑ethylamine), N‑piperidinyl, N‑phenyl, and N‑phenylhydrazinyl maleamic acids. The purity of these products was initially verified by melting range and the presence of only one spot observed by thin layer chromatography. The chemical structures of the obtained N‑alkyl maleamic acids were confirmed through infrared (IR) and hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H and 13C NMR) spectrometry. Due to the already proven pharmacological activity of maleimides, maleic anhydride and its N‑alkyl maleamic acids were subjected to in vitro assays to observe antiviral (SA‑11 rotavirus), antibacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus), antifungal (Colletotrichum musae, Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis Alb., and Penicillium sp.), and antiprotozoal (Trichomonas vaginalis, Giardia lamblia, and Entamoeba histolytica) effects. To study the anti‑rotavirus properties, firstly the 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2‑5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method was used to establish the median cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) of the compounds, using MA‑104 cell line. Under the experimental conditions used, cytotoxic, anti‑rotavirus, antibacterial, and antifungal properties were not observed for these compounds.