Cell immune response in mice skin stimulated with different adjuvants by intradermal route.

Abstract

Adjuvants act in the innate immunity and, when combined to vaccine antigens, can produce a more intense response, improving the antigen presentation, directing the immune system, excellent for new vaccine formulations. This study evaluated the use of the intradermal route and the immune response triggered by a single dose of the adjuvants Aluminum Hydroxide (Al(OH)3 ), Montanide Pet Gel A (MPGA), Glucopyranosyl Lipid A Stable Emulsion (GLA-SE), and Resiquimod (R-848) in the mice skin. As control mice received sterile saline. MPGA and GLA-SE led to cell recruitment when compared with control group, with intense presence of neutrophils in first 12 hours, replaced by macrophages after 168 hours. R-848 and Al(OH)3 showed similar cell recruitment profiles. Regarding cytokine production, groups that received MPGA and GLA-SE produced high levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. R-848 and Al(OH)3 groups displayed similar profile of cytokine production only at the first hour. Our results suggest that the intradermal route is efficient inducing immune system activation and GLA-SE was promising adjuvants for a type 1 immune response vaccine.