Steel slags in cement-based composites : an ultimate review on characterization, applications and performance.

Abstract

Steel slags are by-products generated in high volumes in the steel industry. Their main constituents are calcium, silicon, ferric, aluminum, and magnesium oxides. Larnite, alite, brownmillerite, and ferrite are

also found. The presence of expansive compounds cause concern when used in cement-based compos- ites; however, mitigating routes have been proposed. Activation techniques improve the binding proper- ties of steel slag powder, potentiating its use as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). As an

aggregate, steel slag presents good morphological and mechanical properties. Promising mechanical and durability performances in cement-based composites encourage further research to promote the use of steel slag.