Fluid-assisted grain boundary sliding in bedding-parallel quartz veins deformed under greenschist metamophic grade.

Abstract

Iron formation rocks of Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil, were deformed at greenschist facies. Quartz grains in bedding parallel veins were sheared and deformed by a combination of mechanisms assisted by aqueous fluids. Veins in the outcrop appear to be stretched parallel to the compositional layering. The overall vein shapes resemble those of boundinage and pinch and swell. In thin sections, veins show microstructures similar to those observed in hand samples, where domains of large quartz crystals are pulled apart for several millimeters. The voids between quartz fragments are filled with domains of polycrystalline quartz. The microstructural and orientation data show that the strain imposed on the vein as a rigid and competent layer was not accommodated in the quartz polycrystals exclusively by crystal plastic deformation or dynamic recrystallization. The new grains are strain-free, with straight boundaries and with weak to random crystallographic fabrics. We interpret these features to have resulted from a combination of processes, which included grain boundary sliding accomplished by solution transfer. We propose that the coeval operation of both mechanisms allows the aggregate to deform at higher strain rates without necking of the vein layer in a type of flow similar to those described in superplastic regimes.