DEPRO - Departamento de Engenharia de Produção
URI permanente desta comunidadehttp://www.hml.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/515
Navegar
58 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Participatory ergonomics approaches to design and intervention in workspaces : a literature review.(2022) Rodrigues, Vitor; Rocha, RaoniParticipatory ergonomics relies on the involvement of people to constitute or improve their work environments. The present study aims to answer through a literature review how ergonomic interventions are performed in these environments. The research focussed on workspace design and processes related to participative ergonomics. The search in Scopus was performed for the period 2016 to 2020. From 200 articles, 28 were tabulated for content analysis encompassing the themes of ergonomic approach modes, use of intermediate objects and technological solutions adopted. The majority of the studies found were inserted in hospital, office and maritime/port environments. The results show that ergonomics approaches face diverse challenges: financial and time constraints, power asymmetries, experience levels, social, cultural and individual issues. Nevertheless, it sets out to develop skills, activities, competencies, and to organise these in a global and structured way. Further studies in a wide diversity of databases are needed to follow up the analysis of such approaches and conceptions of work activity.Item Job rotation as a legal requirement : analysis of the participatory approach in acceptance and workers’ perception at a meatpacking plant.(2022) Messias, Iracimara de Anchieta; Nascimento, Adelaide; Rocha, RaoniThis article presents an experience of a participative approach prior to the implementation of NR-36, which regulates work in meat and meat byproduct companies. Although the regulations provide for worker participation in the processes of implementing job rotation, they do not explain how to do it. This study was developed in 2017 in the livestock slaughtering sector of a company with 79 workers, using two complementary methods: systematic and analytical observation of the real work (totaling 32 hours of observation) in order to select the jobs that were primarily eligible for rotation, together with a survey of the workers' perception of the level of acceptance of rotation in the selected jobs. At first, 72% of the workers refused to accept the rotation. After inclusion and participation in the implementation process, 86% of the workers in the dirty area and 64% in the clean area agreed to the rotation. The advantages of rotation that most stood out included: the variability in work (30%), learning and gaining experience (40%), changes in movements (35%), and physical rest (32%). By contrast, the disadvantages included: the fear of accidents (30%) and the fear of change and of the unknown (25%). It can therefore be concluded that the participatory approach prior to changes in organizational design contributes to the understanding and perception of workers about the advantages and disadvantages of the rotation process, indicating improvements that comply with legal requirements.Item Social construction as a means of ergonomic intervention.(2022) Rocha, Raoni; Jackson Filho, José Marçal; Garrigou, Alain; Nascimento, AdelaideAlthough Ergonomic Workplace Analysis (EWA) practice is common in Brazil, some critics have asserted that it is not sufficient to bring about an effective change of the workplace. Although this criticism may be partly admissible in regard to Brazilian ergonomics, it cannot be considered to apply to France, where Activity-Centered Ergonomics was born. At the same time, it is important to not confuse EWA with the broader field of Activity-Centered Ergonomics. Against this background, this article seeks to analyze the elements that characterize contemporary ergonomics practices in Brazil so as to compare them to the modes of intervention developed in France. We also seek to investigate models, concepts and methods so as to expand the possibilities of ergonomic interventions in Brazil. To do so, we will start from a theoretical examination of the development of EWA in Brazil from its origins in France, presenting an intervention conducted at a French electricity company. Next, we will discuss the losses suffered by EWA during the transfer of EWA methodology from France to Brazil, as well as the need to cultivate social construction at all stages of these interventions. We conclude by showing the importance of developing this debate in the field of ergonomics and the need to continue it.Item Robust stochastic frontier analysis applied to the Brazilian electricity distribution benchmarking method.(2022) Campos, Magno Silvério; Costa, Marcelo Azevedo; Gontijo, Tiago Silveira; Lopes-Ahn, Ana LúciaA Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method has been applied by the Brazilian regulator to set regulatory operational costs for 61 electricity distribution utilities. Recent studies show evidence that the current method still requires improvements. This study evaluates the use of Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) as an alternative method. Pros and cons are evaluated. Results show that the SFA is more flexible to deal with outliers. However, the SFA has major convergence problems. Convergence issues can be overcome using Bayesian computations. This study advocates the use of both DEA and SFA as the best alternatives, as indicated by European regulators.Item Lean construction na construção civil durante a pandemia : uma revisão sistemática.(2022) Andrade, Pedro Artur Fernandes Lino; Nascimento, Alessandra Bruna Silva; Araújo, Carlos Henrique de; Tolentino, Solange Aparecida; Guimarães, Irce Fernandes GomesO lean construction é uma filosofia estratégica que foca na eliminação de desperdícios utilizando um novo conceito de gestão e fluxo produtivo. O presente artigo retrata um estudo de literaturas científicas realizadas durante o período da pandemia do COVID-19 que abordam a aplicação da filosofia lean construction e sua empregabilidade na construção civil brasileira. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar e verificar como os princípios dessa ferramenta contribuíram durante a pandemia para a melhoria contínua e eficiência de processos na construção civil. Para isso, utilizou-se uma pesquisa sistemática. Baseados em palavras-chave para o estudo, foram selecionados cinco artigos sobre a aplicação lean construction no setor construtivo. Em seguida, foi feita uma análise quantitativa dos resultados alcançados em cada empresa em estudo e evidenciados os benefícios da aplicação do lean construction. Por fim, destaca-se as considerações finais sobre a importância da aplicação dos princípios lean construction para eliminação de desperdícios e a redução de custos na construção civil.Item Lean construction : perspectivas no âmbito da construção civil brasileira.(2023) Araújo, Carlos Henrique de; Guimarães, Irce Fernandes Gomes; Nascimento, Alessandra Bruna Silva; Andrade, Pedro Artur Fernandes LinoA construção civil tem um papel de destaque na economia dos países, não sendo diferente na economia brasileira. Este setor é responsável por considerável movimentação financeira que impulsiona parte do desenvolvimento econômico. Sabe-se que, no referido setor, existe um grande índice de desperdício, retrabalho, necessidade de aprimoramento na organização de estoque, sequência das atividades e acompanhamento das operações. Diversos autores apresentam ferramenta lean construction para aumentar a produtividade, diminuir custos, aprimorar a execução das atividades e gerar valor por meio da análise de desperdícios nos serviços envolvidos na construção civil. Neste contexto, este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar os resultados de uma análise preliminar de como a construção enxuta é aplicada no cotidiano de um grupo de profissionais técnicos, engenheiros, arquitetos, diretores, gerentes e outros envolvidos no setor da construção civil em uma cidade do estado de Minas Gerais.Item A statistical analysis of the relationship of civil construction GDP to cement production in Brazil.(2022) Souza, Ana Carolina Rodrigues da Rocha; Gomes, Helton Cristiano; Guimarães, Irce Fernandes GomesThe ICC plays an important role in the Brazilian economy. This participation in the country's GDP remains, on average, above 5% per year. Cement, one of the main resources in this context, is used in almost all types of constructions in the country. The Brazil are among the 10 largest producers in the world and cement be the main component of concrete, makes widely used. The generation of different data is the starting point for decisions, optimization and forecasting of the activities of this communication network. To transform this data into information, many institutions use with tools such as Data Science. In this sense, this article presents the result of analysis of the behavior of cement production in Brazil, based on results generated through Machine Learning. Trends and seasonality periods were identified, as well as prediction models for future periods were proposed. Verified the existence of a strong positive correlation between cement production and the ICC GDP in Brazil. Machine Learning models were proposed and compared to predict the ICC GDP based on the annual cement production in Brazil, which showed high accuracy. It was concluded that the Ensemble Learning methods adapted better to the data, especially Random Forest.Item Uma heurística ILS para a resolução do problema de roteamento de veículos com frota heterogênea.(2022) Vieira, Naiara Helena; Cota, Fernanda dos Reis; Gomes Júnior, Aloisio de Castro; Gomes, Helton Cristiano; Reis, Allexandre Fortes da SilvaO problema de roteamento de veículos com frota heterogênea (PRVFH) é um problema de otimização combinatória que, devido à variação na capacidade dos veículos, ao número de restrições e ao número de clientes a serem visitados, apresenta elevada complexidade computacional. O objetivo principal do PRVFH é determinar o melhor conjunto de rotas possível que os veículos possam percorrer entre o depósito e os clientes, observando a capacidade de cada veículo. O presente trabalho apresenta uma abordagem utilizando a metaheurística Iterated Iocal Search (ILS) para resolução do PRVFH. A solução inicial é obtida pelo procedimento de economias (Clarke-Wright). Como métodos de busca local, foram adotados os movimentos two-opt e two-point-move para melhorar as soluções. Os resultados, quando comparados a solução inicial obtida usando a heurística de ClarkeWright, chegaram a melhorias de até 23%, com tempos computacionais abaixo de sete segundos. O método foi aplicado a 27 instâncias encontradas na literatura e adaptadas para o problema com variação de 32 a 80 clientes.Item Selected ‘Starter kit’ energy system modelling data for selected countries in Africa, East Asia, and South America (#CCG, 2021).(2022) Allington, Lucy; Cannone, Carla; Pappis, Ioannis; Barron, Karla Cervantes; Usher, Will; Pye, Steve; Brown, Edward; Howells, Mark; Walker, Miriam Zachau; Ahsan, Aniq; Charbonnier, Flora; Halloran, Claire; Hirmer, Stephanie; Cronin, Jennifer; Taliotis, Constantinos; Sundin, Caroline; Sridharan, Vignesh; Ramos, Eunice; Brinkerink, Maarten; Deane, Paul; Gritsevskyi, Andrii; Moura, Gustavo Nikolaus Pinto de; Rouget, Arnaud; Wogan, David; Barcelona, Edito; Niet, Taco; Rogner, Holger; Bock, Franziska; Quirós Tortós, Jairo; Angulo Paniagua, Jam; Krishnamurthy, Satheesh; Harrison, John; To, Long SengEnergy system modeling can be used to develop internallyconsistent quantified scenarios. These provide key insights needed to mobilise finance, understand market development, infrastructure deployment and the associated role of institutions, and generally support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modeling, especially in developing countries, thereby causing delays to decision making. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero-order energy system model for a range of developing countries in Africa, East Asia, and South America, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organisations, journal articles, and existing modeling studies. This means that the datasets can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. As an example, these data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model for Kenya using the Open Source Energy Modeling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and the results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.Item Evaluation of the energy transition in the process of renewable sources expansion - a case study.(2021) Anjos, Morjana Moreira dos; Costa, Antonella Lombardi; Pereira, Elizabeth Marques Duarte; Moura, Gustavo Nikolaus Pinto deConsidering the risks related to energy security and the challenges posed by climate change, this work presents a methodology to investigate energy alternatives to promote an adequate energy transition. Such methodology was applied to a case study, modelling the energy system of the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais to subsidize an energy transition with a view to expanding renewable energies and promoting energy efficiency at the state and municipal levels, as well as combating climate change. Projections, in the 2030-2050 horizon, were made using the tool Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) to establish a model of energy transition policy for Minas Gerais State. The modelling considered key assumptions based on historical data of demographic and economic origin, which subsidized the elaboration of three scenarios, being a Reference Scenario (REF), a Moderate Energy Transition Scenario (ETM) that aims to contribute to the energy sector goals of the Brazilian NationallyDetermined Contributions – NDC, and an Advanced Energy Transition Scenario (ETA) that goes beyond of NDC's goals. The analysis has shown that current policies are not sufficient to promote the state transition to sustainable energy systems and that this process will depend on the energy policies initiated and implemented in the near future.