DEFAR - Departamento de Farmácia
URI permanente desta comunidadehttp://www.hml.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/530
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Water treatment technologies for removing priority pesticides.(2023) Brovini, Emília Marques; Moreira, Fernanda Deister; Martucci, Maria Elvira Poleti; Aquino, Sergio Francisco deThe development of technologies to remove pesticides from environmental matrices is an important issue as they may be toxic to the environment and human health. The objective of this review is to understand the treatability of five selected pesticides including the main treatment processes and conditions employed worldwide to remove them. Despite its widespread use in water treatment plants (WTP), conventional technologies alone were only tested for atrazine and resulted in low average removal (up to 50 %). Several studies using advanced oxidation processes have been successful for atrazine, but few experiments have been performed under practical condi- tions. Regarding reported efficiencies, 80 % of atrazine was degraded when conventional treatment was followed by ozonation using aluminum sulfate and magnafloc LT 22 as coagulants and ozone as disinfectant. For acephate and methamidophos, the use of titanium dioxide was the best treatment, leading to 87.7 % to 100 % removal in laboratory-scale experiments. Anodic Fenton treatment and a combination of Fenton and ultrasound exhibited high (99 and 100 %, respectively) carbofuran removal efficiencies. In terms of time and conditions tested, the membrane anodic Fenton treatment was the best one, but large-scale application needs to be further evaluated. In general, advanced oxidation processes are good complementary technologies. However, understanding the fate and toxicity of the transformation by-products is crucial, as well as its applicability (economic and envi- ronmental sustainability) on a large scale.Item Anxiolytic effect of Anthemis nobilis L. (roman chamomile) and Citrus reticulata Blanco (tangerine) essential oils using the light-dark test in zebrafish (Danio rerio).(2022) Silveira, Virginia; Rúbio, Karina Taciana Santos; Martucci, Maria Elvira PoletiEthnopharmacological relevance: The anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health condition, and anxiety is considered the sixth cause of disability surpassing diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and osteoarthritis. Besides, the COVID-19 pandemic provided an increase in the number of psychiatric diseases diagnosis in all social layers around the world. About 55%–94% of patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders are treated with benzodiazepines, meanwhile benzodiazepines can promote several adverse effects. In this way, alternative therapies, such as essential oils may offer significant benefits in the treatment of patients with anxiety disorders. However, the anxiolytic effect of these essential oils must be proper evaluated appro- priate as well as the suitable dosage and side effect need further research. Aim of the study: The aim was to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of Roman chamomile (Anthemis nobilis L.) and tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco) essential oils using the light-dark test in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Material and methods: Both essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS and the major compounds were identified. The anxiolytic effect was evaluated by light-dark test in adult zebrafish. Results: The results showed that roman chamomile essential oil has anxiolytic effect in adult zebrafish, whereas tangerine essential oil tends to reduce anxiety The major compounds of tangerine essential oil were limonene and γ-terpinene, and the major compounds of roman chamomile were pentadecyl-3-methyl-2-butenoate, hexadecyl- 3-methyl-2-butenoate, 1-piperidinol and trans-1-ethyl-3-methyl-cyclopentane. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that this anxiolytic effect may be attributed to the synergistic effect of the compounds present in roman chamomile essential oil, particularly the major compounds. The roman chamomile essential oil at the highest concentration showed anxiolytic effect. The tangerine essential oil showed a tendency to reduce anxiety, but it was not statistically significative. In addition, roman chamomile and tangerine essential oils did not cause cause alteration in locomotion activity and exploratory ability of the fish.Item Interações medicamentosas entre fitoterápicos padronizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde e medicamentos convencionais.(2022) Rúbio, Karina Taciana Santos; Nascimento, Maria Alice Pereira do; Martucci, Maria Elvira PoletiAs plantas medicinais e os fitoterápicos são alternativas para o tratamento de diversas doenças. O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) possui 12 fitoterápicos padronizados na Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (RENAME): alcachofra, aroeira, babosa, cáscara-sagrada, espinheira-santa, garra-do-diabo, guaco, hortelã, isoflavona-de-soja, plantago, salgueiro e unha-de-gato. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os eventos adversos destes fitoterápicos e as possíveis interações medicamentosas resultantes do seu uso concomitante com medicamentos convencionais. O trabalho foi realizado por meio de uma revisão narrativa da literatura no período entre 1995 e 2020. As plantas medicinais e/ou os medicamentos fitoterápicos são constituídos de compostos químicos, que em sua maioria são responsáveis pelas suas variadas ações farmacológicas. A composição química complexa aumenta a possibilidade de interações quando medicamentos convencionais são utilizados concomitantemente. As interações podem ser benéficas ou desfavoráveis, podendo potencializar o efeito de fármacos, reduzir a eficácia, resultar em reações adversas ou não alterar o efeito esperado do fármaco. Ressaltou-se a importância de considerar os fitoterápicos/plantas medicinais com a mesma importância que os medicamentos sintéticos, baseando a conduta clínica em evidências científicas confiáveis, reconhecendo sua eficácia, mas também seus efeitos adversos e a possibilidade de interações medicamentosas tornando, assim, seu uso mais seguro e eficaz.Item Evaluation of dermorphin metabolism using zebrafish water tank model and human liver microsomes.(2021) Castro, Juliana de Lima; Pereira, Henrique Marcelo Gualberto; Sousa, Valéria P. de; Martucci, Maria Elvira PoletiBackground: Dermorphin is a heptapeptide with an analgesic potential higher than morphine that does not present the same risk for the development of tolerance. These pharmacological features make dermorphin a potential doping agent in competitive sports and it is already prohibited for racehorses. For athletes, the development of an efficient strategy to monitor for its abuse necessitates an investigation of the metabolism of dermorphin in humans. Methods: Here, human liver microsomes and zebrafish were utilized as model systems of human metabolism to evaluate the presence and kinetics of metabolites derived from dermorphin. Five hours after its administration, the presence of dermorphin metabolites could be detected in both models by liquid chromatography coupled to high- resolution mass spectrometry. Results: Although the two models showed common results, marked differences were also observed in relation to the formed metabolites. Six putative metabolites, based on their exact masses of m/z 479.1915, m/z 501.1733, m/z 495.1657, m/z 223.1073, m/z 180.1017 and m/z 457.2085, are proposed to represent the metabolic pattern of dermor- phin. The major metabolite generated from the administration of dermorphin in both models was YAFG-OH (m/z 457.2085), which is the N-terminal tetrapeptide previously identified from studies on rats. Conclusion: Its extensive characterization and commercial availability suggest that it could serve as a primary target analyte for the detection of dermorphin misuse. The metabolomics approach also allowed the assignment of other confirmatory metabolites.Item A high throughput approach for determination of dermorphin in human urine using LC-HRMS and LC-MS/MS for doping control purposes.(2020) Castro, Juliana de Lima; Martucci, Maria Elvira Poleti; Pereira, Henrique Marcelo Gualberto; Sousa, Valéria P. deDermorphin is a peptide with analgesic actions similar to morphine, but with greater effect and less potential to cause tolerance. The use of dermorphin has been documented in race horses, and its use in humans has already been reported. Considering the potential advantages from the use of dermorphin over morphine, a method to monitor it, and its main metabolite dermorphin (1-4), in humans becomes necessary for doping control. Here, we present two orthogonal methods for this purpose: a high-throughput liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) as an Initial Testing Procedure and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in the Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) acquisition mode for a Confirmation Procedure. For urine samples pre-treatment through a mixed-mode weak cation exchange solid phase extraction (WCX-SPE) emerged as an effective approach to extract peptides from the biological sample. For the HRMS analysis, a Full-MS scan acquisition mode was selected to detect the exact masses of dermorphin and dermorphin (1-4) at m/z 803.37226 and 457.20816, respectively. The SRM method used in the MS/MS confirmation protocol presented high specificity and sensitivity. The selected product ions for dermorphin were 602.2, 202.1 and 574.3 and for dermorphin (1-4) were 207.1, 223.1 and 235.1. Both methods were evaluated for specificity, repeatability, carryover, matrix effects and recovery. No carryover and matrix effects were detected. The Limit of Detection for Initial Testing Procedure and the Limit of Identification for Confirmation Procedure was 2,5 ng/mL. Also, specificity and robustness were acceptable for the application. Together, the developed methods proved to be efficient for the analysis of dermorphin and metabolite for human doping control purpose.Item Pharmacokinetic study of xylazine in a zebrafsh water tank, a human‑like surrogate, by liquid chromatography Q‑Orbitrap mass spectrometry.(2020) Mato, Rebecca Rodrigues; Martucci, Maria Elvira Poleti; Anselmo, Carina de Souza; Aquino Neto, Francisco Radler de; Pereira, Henrique Marcelo Gualberto; Sardela, Vinícius FigueiredoPurpose: This study aims to investigate a zebrafish (Danio Rerio) water tank (ZWT) as an alternative model for the study of the metabolism of xylazine. Methods: The ZWT approach for the study of metabolism consisted of two aquariums, where 18 fish and xylazine were added into the first tank. The second one, with 18 fish without drug, served as a negative control. The samples were submitted to a comprehensive analytical method developed for doping control purposes by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) operating in five different acquisition modes. Glycoconjugate metabolites were evaluated indirectly by extracting the samples with and without the enzymatic hydrolysis step using β-glucuronidase. Results: In total, 11 phase I and II metabolites were detected and characterized, of which four were previously described for humans and two for horses, and five metabolites were described for the first time. The main metabolites were 4-hydroxylated (M2) and oxygenated (M1) derivatives. Both metabolites were suggested as analytical targets for xylazine misuse. Around 79% of para- and meta-hydroxylated derivatives were in glycoconjugate form, whereas for oxo-hydroxylated and sulfone-hydroxylated derivatives of xylazine, around 83% and 70% were metabolized to the glycoconjugate form, respectively. Conclusions: Xylazine was the subject of extensive metabolism in zebrafish. 4-Hydroxylated (M2) and oxygenated (M1) derivatives were the most abundant phase I metabolites as the main targets for doping control.Item Study of the reproductive biology of an Amazonian Heterotaxis (Orchidaceae) demonstrates the collection of resin‑like material by stingless bees.(2019) Krahl, Amauri Herbert; Holanda, Ana Sofia Sousa de; Krahl, Dayse Raiane Passos; Martucci, Maria Elvira Poleti; Gobbo Neto, Leonardo; Webber, Antonio Carlos; Pansarin, Emerson RicardoTropical and subtropical plants provide to pollinators a range of nutritive and non-nutritive materials as alternative to pollen and nectar, including resins, which are gathered by females of several groups of social and solitary bees. Although resinlike material has previously been recorded in Maxillariinae, these investigations generally did not present data relating to pollinators. In fact, the collection of resins has never been recorded elsewhere in orchids. The aim of this paper was to provide a detailed study of the reproductive biology of an Amazonian Heterotaxis, H. superfua, based on records of fowering phenology, foral morphology, pollinator behavior and breeding system. Heterotaxis superfua ofers resin-like material to pollinators and is pollinated by a single species of stingless bee. The resin is a heterogeneous material rich in mucilage, starch and sugars, while lipoidal substances occur as small droplets. Chemical analyses confrm the presence of sugar, which explain the presence of reducing sugars and mucilage detected in the histochemical investigations. Our data also showed the Heterotaxis is self-compatible and pollinator dependent. This study demonstrates for the frst time the collection of resin-like material in orchids. The gathering of resin is frequently associated with the nest construction, since this material is considered to be a water-repellent and has anti-pathogen chemical properties. Despite ofering of a foral reward, fruit set under natural conditions is lower than for experimental pollinations, suggesting limited pollen fow within the population.Item Comprehensive untargeted metabolomics of Lychnnophorinae subtribe (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) in a phylogenetic context.(2018) Martucci, Maria Elvira Poleti; Loeuille, Benoît Francis Patrice; Pirani, Jose Rubens; Gobbo Neto, LeonardoMembers of the subtribe Lychnophorinae occur mostly within the Cerrado domain of the Brazilian Central Plateau. The relationships between its 11 genera, as well as between Lychnophorinae and other subtribes belonging to the tribe Vernonieae, have recently been investigated upon a phylogeny based on molecular and morphological data. We report the use of a comprehensive untargeted metabolomics approach, combining HPLC-MS and GC-MS data, followed by multivariate analyses aiming to assess the congruence between metabolomics data and the phylogenetic hypothesis, as well as its potential as a chemotaxonomic tool. We analyzed 78 species by UHPLC-MS and GC-MS in both positive and negative ionization modes. The metabolic profiles obtained for these species were treated in MetAlign and in MSClust and the matrices generated were used in SIMCA for hierarchical cluster analyses, principal component analyses and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis. The results showed that metabolomic analyses are mostly congruent with the phylogenetic hypothesis especially at lower taxonomic levels (Lychnophora or Eremanthus). Our results confirm that data generated using metabolomics provide evidence for chemotaxonomical studies, especially for phylogenetic inference of the Lychnophorinae subtribe and insight into the evolution of the secondary metabolites of this group.Item Chemical composition and secretion biology of the floral bouquet in legume trees (Fabaceae).(2018) Marinho, Cristina Ribeiro; Martucci, Maria Elvira Poleti; Gobbo Neto, Leonardo; Teixeira, Simone de PáduaIn the present investigation, we studied the floral bouquet and its associate osmophores in three legume trees using a combination of chemical and ultrastructural analyses, a poorly investigated approach to plant glands. The purpose was to understand the secretory process of osmophores and to identify which of the substances produced are responsible for the attraction of pollinators. Petals from buds and flowers of Bauhinia rufa, Caesalpinia pulcherrima and Hymenaea courbaril were fixed and processed for analysis by transmission electron microscopy. Fresh petals of H. courbaril and C. pulcherrima were also collected, submitted to a headspace solid-phase micro-extraction method and analysed using GC-MS. Typical subcellular features of terpene-secreting osmophores were detected: abundance of mitochondria with conspicuous cristae, plastids with plastoglobuli, rough endoplasmic reticulum and the presence of vesicles and oil droplets in the cytoplasm. Novel subcellular characters of osmophores were detected, such as cellular vacuolation in stages far preceding anthesis and a wealth of dictyosomes. The ultrastructure confirmed that the osmophores produce terpenes and phenolic compounds as previously reported. However, the GC-MS analyses showed that only the terpenes are released and could act on pollinator attraction. The phenolics accumulated are mobilized from these structures and metabolized/reabsorbed by the other plant tissues.Item Comprehensive analysis by liquid chromatography Q‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry : fast screening of peptides and organic molecules.(2018) Sardela, Vinícius Figueiredo; Martucci, Maria Elvira Poleti; Araujo, Amanda Lessa Dutra de; Leal, E. C.; Oliveira, D. S.; Carneiro, Gabriel Reis Alves; Deventer, K.; Eenoo, P. Van; Pereira, Henrique Marcelo Gualberto; Aquino Neto, Francisco Radler deThe number of substances nominally listed in the prohibited list of the World Anti‐ Doping Agency increases each year. Moreover, many of these substances do not have a single analytical target and must be monitored through different metabolites, artifacts, degradation products, or biomarkers. A new analytical method was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of peptides and organic molecules using a single sample preparation and LC‐Q‐HRMS detection. The simultaneous analysis of 450 target molecules was performed after cleanup on a mixed‐mode solid‐phase extraction cartridge, combined with untreated urine. The cleanup solvent and reconstitution solvent were the most important parameters for achieving a comprehensive sample preparation approach. A fast chromatographic run based on a multistep gradient was optimized under different flows; the detection of all substances without isomeric coelution was achieved in 11 minutes, and the chromatographic resolution was considered a critical parameter, even in high‐resolution mass spectrometry detection. The mass spectrometer was set to operate by switching between positive and negative ionization mode for FULL‐MS, all‐ion fragmentation, and FULL‐MS/MS2 . The suitable parameters for the curved linear trap (c‐trap) conditions were determined and found to be the most important factors for the development of the method. Only FULL‐MS/ MS2 enables the detection of steroids and peptides at concentrations lower than the minimum required performance levels set by World Anti‐Doping Agency (1 ng mL−1 ). The combination of the maximum injection time of the ions into the c‐trap, multiplexing experiments, and loop count under optimized conditions enabled the method to be applied to over 10 000 samples in only 2 months during the 2016 Rio Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games. The procedure details all aspects, from sample preparation to mass spectrometry detection. FULL‐MS data acquisition is performed in positive and negative ion mode simultaneously and can be applied to untargeted approaches.