EM - Escola de Minas

Resultados da Pesquisa

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Agricultural influence on the hydrogeochemistry of the sub-basins of the Verde, Entre Ribeiros and Escuro Rivers of Paracatu Hydrographic Basin (MG) – Brazil.
(2010) Fujaco, Maria Augusta Gonçalves; Leite, Mariangela Garcia Praça
Of the numerous hydrogeochemical river-water transformations provoked by intense and irrational soil practices, heavy metal contamination by agrochemical usage is the most worrisome. Long-term metal accumulation can be transported by rainwater, during storms, contaminating rivers. Data on this type of contamination are still scarce, principally in developing countries, such as Brazil. This paper aims to evaluate the influence of agricultural activities on the hydrogeochemistry of the Paracatu River’s sub-basins.
Implementation of a cleaner production program in a Brazilian wooden furniture factory.
(2013) Massote, Carlos Henrique Ribeiro; Santi, Auxiliadora Maria Moura
The cleaner production (CP) methodology was implemented in an industry in the furniture sector as a management tool for achieving eco-efficiency and obtaining environmental and economic benefits. Based on the application of CP principles to a Brazilian furniture factory, audits of raw material and water consumption were proposed for the manufacturing divisions of this company and for the generation of solid waste and effluents. Tools were implemented for assessing material flow, aimed at the development and analysis of the mass balances of the processes involved. These tools supported the identification, evaluation and implementation of actions addressing five CP opportunities that were preventative in nature, resulting in reduced generation of solid wastes and liquid effluents and a decrease in the inflow of raw material inputs and water. A saving of 66% in water and 3% in raw materials consumption was obtained, and there had been a reduction of 23% in the solid waste and 93% in the effluents generation. The production cost per unit was on average US$ 0.14 lower than before. The economy of wood will prevent the cutting of around 3900 adult pine trees and the emission of 13,100 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent in the waste and raw materials transport, which is an additional environmental gain.
A Life Cycle Assessment study of iron ore mining.
(2015) Ferreira, Hélio; Leite, Mariangela Garcia Praça
This paper assessed the cradle-to-gate life cycle of an iron ore mining. The study was based on production data from an open pit mine located in the Iron Quadrangle/Brazil. The functional unit was defined as “one tonne of iron ore concentrate produced” and the data used were collected directly from the company's production reports covering the time of one year. The evaluation included the classification and characterization of life cycle impacts, not including normalization and weighting as well as sensitivity analysis of results. The evaluation of impacts used SimaPro-7, Ecoinvent 2.0, Eco indicator'99 and IPCC 2007. The results indicated that the use of grinding media in the processes is the main source of environmental impacts in the iron ore production chain, highlighting its contribution to life cycle impacts on human health and quality of ecosystems. Ore transportation by conveyor belts powered by electricity was more efficient in relation to the generation of impacts on the abiotic resources depletion and on climate changes than ore transportation by diesel trucks because the electricity generation matrix in Brazil has significant participation from hydroelectric plants.
Gerenciamento ambiental de projetos de mineração : um estudo de caso.
(Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mineral. Departamento de Engenharia de Minas, Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto., 2009) Borges, Leandro Augusto de Freitas; Flores, José Cruz do Carmo
A exploração dos recursos naturais com a inserção da variável ambiental é uma realidade inerente a todos os projetos de mineração atualmente existentes. Esta forma de agir vem em busca do equilíbrio entre atender as demandas da população por minérios e manter a capacidade de suporte do meio ambiente. Desse modo, com a evolução das questões legais, foram sendo criadas normas para a cobrança da gestão ambiental, a ser executada por parte das empresas de mineração. Nesta dissertação é discutido um modelo de gestão ambiental aplicável a minerações de pequeno porte, definidas em função das políticas governamentais, especificamente àquelas dentro do Estado de Minas Gerais. Discute-se como o processo de regularização ambiental exigido pelas entidades governamentais estaduais pode se tornar a principal ferramenta de gestão e administração ambiental empresarial. O modelo de gestão proposto tem por base a aplicação das exigências legais impostas aos projetos de mineração, para a obtenção das várias licenças ambientais necessárias para a extração dos recursos minerais, como principal ferramenta de prevenção dos danos ambientais potenciais que poderão advir dessas atividades. Ao final, apresenta-se um estudo de caso, que cuida da aplicação do modelo de gestão proposto à Pedreira Santa Efigênia, localizada no Distrito de Antônio Pereira, no município de Ouro Preto, no Estado de Minas Gerais, cuja lavra está sendo pleiteada pela Cooperativa dos Trabalhadores da Pedreira Santa Efigênia – COOPERSERF.

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