EM - Escola de Minas

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The importance of the economic exploitation plan in the decision making process in mining.
(2022) Almeida, Wendel Eduardo de; Curi, Adilson; Arroyo Ortiz, Carlos Enrique
In general, investors evaluate several investment alternatives including, obviously, the possibility of money investment in the banking system. The mineral resource industry is just one of the several options of investment available in the financial market. To select this option, especially for the mining investments, investors require ever more projects with proven financial security and developed by renowned companies. The financial return or potential of the project must be significant to justify the risks inherent to the mining activities. To facilitate the financial analyses of mine projects, in this study is proposed a methodology based on an economic analysis of the Brazilian gold Berimbau mine through an Economic Exploitation Plan - EEP- where a sensitivity analysis of the project cash flow was performed and variations in the ore price, investments (CAPEX - capital expenditure) and operating costs (OPEX - operating expense) were applied. An orthodox scenario with an ore price (gold) of USD 900.00/oz was considered. The results, specific aspects and socioeconomic benefits have confirmed the project’s feasibility.
Direct seeding in the restoration of post-mined campo rupestre : germination and establishment of 14 native species.
(2021) Figueiredo, Maurílio Assis; Messias, Maria Cristina Teixeira Braga; Leite, Mariangela Garcia Praça; Kozovits, Alessandra Rodrigues
Direct seeding in the restoration of degraded areas requires less financial investment and facilitates the use of greater diversity of species from different functional groups than traditional planting of seedlings. However, the application of this technique in the ecological restoration of post-mined areas in grassland environments is still poorly investigated. This study evaluated seed germination under controlled conditions, seedling establishment and associated costs of 14 species native to the Brazilian campos rupestres through direct seeding in a post-mined area. The effects of the incorporation of plant material (litter) to the degraded substrate on plant establishment were also measured. Under controlled conditions, 64% (9 out of 14) of the evaluated species showed germinability between 30 and 77%. Under field conditions, one year after, it was observed that the incorporation of plant litter to the substrate allowed the establishment of 49 individuals m− 2 of nine species, four of which with establishment percentage and cost per seedling of, respectively, 1.4–6.2% and US$ 0.006–0.09. In the other treatments, no significant plant establishment was observed. Despite the low percentage of establishment, direct seeding combined with the incorporation of plant litter to the substrate allowed the revegetation of a post-mined area with viable cost. The use of suitable species for direct seeding combined with techniques that promote improvements in substrate conditions is critical to increase establishment success using direct seeding in the ecological restoration of campos rupestres post-mined areas. Further studies on techniques to improve substrate quality and seed germination of native species of campos rupestres are required
Analysis of the energy efficiency of diesel oil consumption in the Brazilian Iron Ore Mining Company.
(2018) Fernandes, Eunírio Zanetti; Leal, Elisângela Martins; Figueiredo, Robson Lage; Reis, Gemírson de Paula dos
This paper aims to evaluate the diesel oil consumption between 2008 and 2015 in the production of iron ore in Brazil, creating correlations between energy intensity (production), economy and checking the impact of fuel prices on the commodity. During the analyzed period, the years 2008-2009 indicated economic crises, which interfered in the price and the commercialization of iron ore products. The physical intensity was 0.2% higher than the economic intensity. In the period from 2010 to 2014, economic activity remained more stable, with a decreasing trend, mainly due to the increase of iron ore prices. The physical intensity is much higher than the economic intensity influenced by the expansion of the Chinese economy. The year of 2014 indicated the end of the high iron ore price cycle and the beginning of supply and demand stabilization with consequent reduction in prices. In 2015, the market entered the stabilization phase, with a continuous reduction in unit production costs and transportation logistics. There was an abrupt change due to the strong increase of the economic intensity due to the fall of the international prices of iron ore. The diesel oil consumption plays a vital role in the scenario of cost reduction in iron ore production and a deeper analysis must be done in order to discover some options to change the energy matrix.

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