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Combined use of Sm–Nd isotopes and lithogeochemistry in the sedimentary provenance of the southern Ediacaran-Cambrian Bambuí foreland basin system, Brazil.
(2021) Paravidini, Gabriel; Reis, Humberto Luis Siqueira; Heilbron, Monica da Costa Pereira Lavalle; Carvalho, Manuela de Oliveira; Aguiar Neto, Carla Cristine; Valeriano, Claudio de Morisson
Sedimentary provenance analysis based on lithogeochemistry and isotope data has been extensively applied in the investigation of ancient sedimentary successions. This approach contributes to understand the tectonic setting in which these strata were deposited and to recognize major provenance patterns in time and space. The Ediacaran to Cambrian Bambuí Group is exposed in the Sao ̃ Francisco craton (SE Brazil) and represents the sedimentary record of a foreland basin system developed during the assembly of the West Gondwana. Different lines of evidence indicate that this basin system evolved into a confined setting, due to the overloads imposed on the western and eastern margins of the Sao ̃ Francisco paleoplate by the diachronic Brasília and Araçuaí orogenic systems, respectively. New whole-rock lithogeochemistry and Sm–Nd isotopic data were applied to evaluate the overall sedimentary provenance patterns of the Bambuí strata exposed in the southern portion of the Sao ̃ Francisco craton (i.e., within the Sete Lagoas basement high) and to identify its possible sources. Coupled (La/Yb)n and Th/Sc ratios with 147Sm/144Nd and εNd isotopes allowed the recognition of three contrasting source patterns associated with different 2nd order sequences. The lower sequence comprises carbonate ramp deposits and shows highly heterogeneous and more negative εNd ranging from − 10.5 to − 4.5, as well as Th/Sc and (La/Yb)n ratios between 0.6 and 0.7 and 0.54 and 0.76, respectively. The provenance patterns point toward intermediate-dominated and isotopically evolved crustal sources, with mean TDM model ages between 1.5 and 2.0 Ga. The overlying 2nd-order sequence is composed of fine-to medium-grained siliciclastics grading upward into platformal oolitic calcarenites and calcilutites. This succession exhibits homo- geneous and less negative εNd(t) values between − 6.8 and − 5.2, with low Th/Sc (0.6–0.8) and (La/Yb)n (0.60–0.84) ratios. The uppermost Bambuí 2nd-order sequence, marked by greenish siltstones and arkoses grading upward into storm-bedded arkoses and lithic sandstones, shows homogeneous εNd(t) ranging from − 8.5 to − 6.1, slightly more negative than the underlying successions, and relatively higher Th/Sc and (La/Yb)n ratios ranging from 0.7 to 1.3 and 0.85 to 1.28, respectively. The Sm–Nd isotopic signature of the upper deposits indicates felsic-dominated and more isotopically juvenile crustal sources with TDM model ages of 1.5–1.7 Ga, characteristics compatible with Ediacaran arc-related rocks and post-tectonic granites exposed in the Araçuaí orogen. Our data indicate that the Proterozoic cratonic covers, their correlatives in the surrounding orogens, and magmatic rocks from the Araçuaí orogen acted as major sedimentary sources during the first evolutionary stages of the Bambuí basin-cycle in the Sete Lagoas basement high, which behaved as a forebulge depocenter. During the deposition of the overlying sequences, the Araçuaí orogen rocks became increasingly important in sourcing the Ediacaran- Cambrian foreland system in this depocenter. Besides revealing the major provenance patterns through the evolution of an ancient and partially confined foreland basin system, our data also demonstrates that even minor changes in the Sm–Nd system might be useful as reliable elements on the provenance analysis of sedimentary systems elsewhere.
Stratigraphic, isotopic, and geochronological record of a superposed pro- foreland basin in the eastern São Francisco craton during west Gondwana amalgamation.
(2020) Rossi, Ariadne Verônica Andrade; Danderfer Filho, André; Bersan, Samuel Moreira; Kelmer, Luiza Rocha; Tavares, Túlio Delôgo; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho
The Três Marias Formation, a siliciclastic succession that occurs at the top of the Bambuí Group, has recorded the filling of the Brasiliano foreland basin that developed on the São Francisco craton. At the eastern portion of this craton, the Três Marias Formation outcrops in Gorutuba ridge, north of Minas Gerais, which area was in- vestigated by using field work, stratigraphic analysis, and isotopic U–Pb and Lu–Hf analysis. In this area, the Três Marias Formation includes molasse deposits composed mainly of arkoses and hybrid conglomerates. The arkose sediments came into the basin through a fluvio–deltaic system located to the northeast and were reworked in a siliciclastic shelf under the influence of waves, tides and storm currents. The paleocurrents indicate a coastline around the NW and NE directions, with current flows reworking sediments parallel and transversal to the coast. The detrital zircon grains indicate a 555 ± 17 Ma maximum age of the deposition for this unit, and its main sources are related to granitoids from the pre-orogenic and pre-to syn-collisional stages of the Araçuaí orogen (ca. 630–560 Ma). The filling of the foreland basin system created in response to the Araçuaí fold–thrust belt is younger than the one existing in the occidental portion of Bambuí basin, which is related to the Brasília fold and thrust belt. Therefore, the final filling of the Bambuí basin would have been controlled by the development of these two-fold–thrust belts throughout the margins of the São Francisco craton during the assembly of West Gondwana.
Stratigraphic, isotopic, and geochronological record of a superposed proforeland basin in the eastern São Francisco craton during west Gondwana amalgamation.
(2020) Rossi, Ariadne Verônica Andrade; Danderfer Filho, André; Bersan, Samuel Moreira; Kelmer, Luiza Rocha; Tavares, Túlio Delôgo; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho
The Três Marias Formation, a siliciclastic succession that occurs at the top of the Bambuí Group, has recorded the filling of the Brasiliano foreland basin that developed on the São Francisco craton. At the eastern portion of this craton, the Três Marias Formation outcrops in Gorutuba ridge, north of Minas Gerais, which area was investigated by using field work, stratigraphic analysis, and isotopic U–Pb and Lu–Hf analysis. In this area, the Três Marias Formation includes molasse deposits composed mainly of arkoses and hybrid conglomerates. The arkose sediments came into the basin through a fluvio–deltaic system located to the northeast and were reworked in a siliciclastic shelf under the influence of waves, tides and storm currents. The paleocurrents indicate a coastline around the NW and NE directions, with current flows reworking sediments parallel and transversal to the coast. The detrital zircon grains indicate a 555 ± 17 Ma maximum age of the deposition for this unit, and its main sources are related to granitoids from the pre-orogenic and pre-to syn-collisional stages of the Araçuaí orogen (ca. 630–560 Ma). The filling of the foreland basin system created in response to the Araçuaí fold–thrust belt is younger than the one existing in the occidental portion of Bambuí basin, which is related to the Brasília fold and thrust belt. Therefore, the final filling of the Bambuí basin would have been controlled by the development of these two-fold–thrust belts throughout the margins of the São Francisco craton during the assembly of West Gondwana.

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