EM - Escola de Minas

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Aplicação do sistema de monitoramento de dinâmica de rocha (SMDR) para controle geotécnico contínuo de cavidade natural subterrânea no Quadrilátero Ferrífero (MG).
(2021) Fernandes, Adam Barros; Lima, Hernani Mota de; Valentim, Raul Fontes; Gontijo, Alexandre Assunção; Fonseca, Leandro Roque da; Cardoso, Fernando Santos Seabra; Boulhosa, Gabrieli Santos
Nos últimos anos uma série de estudos tem sido conduzida sobre cavidades naturais subterrâneas em formações ferríferas. Esses estudos decorrem da necessidade de se preservar as cavidades naturais e, ao mesmo tempo, viabilizar de forma sustentável, a operação de uma mina de minério de ferro. Isso ocorre pelo fato da legislação ambiental do Brasil estipular, empiricamente, um raio de proteção de 250 m, de forma a evitar dano ambiental irreversível às cavernas, que por sua vez, bloqueia a lavra de considerável fração de minério de ferro. Dessa forma, com o intuito de verificar a influência do desmonte com uso de explosivos na estabilidade física da cavidade BRU_0034, nas proximidades da Mina de Brucutu da empresa Vale S.A., foram propostos, por intermédio desse estudo, monitoramentos sismográficos e de deslocamento através do uso do Sistema de Monitoramento de Dinâmica de Rocha (SMDR). No que se refere aos resultados obtidos com o SMDR, foi possível verificar por meio dos dados sismográficos e de deslocamento que não houve uma grande movimentação aparente nos sensores durante o monitoramento de desmontes de rochas por explosivos realizados em distâncias inferiores a 250 m.
An explicit direct FEM–BEM coupling procedure for nonlinear dynamics.
(2019) Soares Júnior, Delfim; Araújo, Francisco Célio de
In this work, an explicit direct FEM–BEM coupling procedure is proposed for nonlinear dynamics. In this procedure, each subdomain of the model is analysed separately taking into account proper interface conditions, allowing optimized solver procedures to be applied within each subdomain. In addition, the solution procedure is carried out directly (i.e., without any iterative process), since an explicit time-marching technique is employed within the FEM subdomains. In this context, a locally stabilized central difference approach is utilized, ensuring stability for the FEM analyses, as well as enhanced accuracy. Thus, a very efficient and versatile coupled solution takes place, allowing the direct and independent solution of the subdomains of the model, without regarding critical time-steps limitations within the explicit subdomains. A multi-level time-step algorithm is also considered here, enabling different time-steps to be applied to each subdomain of the model, further improving the flexibility of the coupled analyses. At the end of the paper, numerical applications are presented, illustrating the effectiveness and versatility of the proposed methodology.
Nonlinear equilibrium and stability analysis of axially loaded piles under bilateral contact constraints.
(2015) Silveira, Ricardo Azoubel da Mota; Maciel, Felipe Vieira; Silva, Andréa Regina Dias da; Machado, Fernando Carlos Scheffer; Nogueira, Christianne de Lyra
This paper presents a nonlinear stability analysis of piles under bilateral contact constraints imposed by a geological medium (soil or rock). To solve this contact problem, the paper proposes a general numerical methodology, based on the finite element meth-od (FEM). In this context, a geometrically nonlinear beam-column element is used to model the pile while the geological medium can be idealized as discrete (spring) or continuum (Winkler and Pas-ternak) foundation elements. Foundation elements are supposed to react under tension and compression, so during the deformation process the structural elements are subjected to bilateral contact constraints. The errors along the equilibrium paths are minimized and the convoluted nonlinear equilibrium paths are made tracea-ble through the use of an updated Lagrangian formulation and a Newton-Raphson scheme working with the generalized displace-ment technique. The study offers stability analyses of three prob-lems involving piles under bilateral contact constraints. The anal-yses show that in the evaluation of critical loads a great influence is wielded by the instability modes. Also, the structural system stiffness can be highly influenced by the representative model of the soil.
Nonlinear analysis of structural elements under unilateral contact constraints by a Ritz type approach.
(2008) Silveira, Ricardo Azoubel da Mota; Pereira, Wellington Luís Assis; Gonçalves, Paulo Batista
A nonlinear modal solution methodology capable of solving equilibrium and stability problems of uni-dimensional structural elements (beams, columns and arches) with unilateral contact constraints is presented in this work. The contact constraints are imposed by an elastic foundation of the Winkler type, where special attention is given to the case in which the foundation reacts in compression only, characterizing the contact as unilateral. A Ritz type approach with moveable boundaries, where the coordinates defining the limits of the contact regions are considered as additional variables of the problem, is proposed to solve this class of unilateral contact problems. The methodology is illustrated by particular problems involving beams, beam-columns and arches, and the results are compared with available results obtained by finite element and mathematical programming techniques. It is concluded that the Ritz type approach proposed is particularly suited for the analysis of structural problems where the number, but not the length, of the contact regions between the bodies are known a priori. Therefore, it can substitute in these cases finite element applications and be used as a benchmark for more general and complex formulations as well.

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