EM - Escola de Minas

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Austenitizing temperature and cooling rate effects on the martensitic transformation in a microalloyed-steel.
(2020) Souza, Samuel da Silva de; Moreira, Paulo Sérgio; Faria, Geraldo Lúcio de
The effects of the austenitizing temperature and the cooling rate upon the kinetic of athermal martensitic transformation in a microalloyed steel were evaluated. Considering the studied steel, the knowledge about these effects on the martensitic transformation has a great relevance for naval manufacturers and steel researchers. In this study, computational simulation was performed aiming to evaluate the phase’s stability. Specimens were submitted to quenching simulations in a dilatometer, considering four different austenitizing temperatures and four cooling rates. The results shown that the austenite chemical composition was not significantly affected by the austenitizing temperatures. Both the austenitic grain size and the cooling rate affected the martensitic transformation kinetics. The larger the austenitic grain size, the higher the Ms. The austenitic grain growth promoted a decrease in the required chemical energy to compensate the free energy increase associated with the lattice strain and the creation of new interfaces, leading to a lower austenite undercooling. An extrinsic effect of the cooling rate on the Ms was observed. For lower cooling rates, the carbide precipitation modified que austenite chemical composition, changing its stability and increasing Ms. A predictability equation, correlating the MS with the austenite grain size and the steel cooling rate, was proposed.
Efeito da taxa de resfriamento sobre a formação de martensita em um aço inoxidável ferrítico com 11 %Cr e baixos teores de intersticiais.
(2019) Vilela, Larissa de Barros Machado; Faria, Geraldo Lúcio de; Alcântara, Cláudio Moreira de; Oliveira, Tarcísio Reis de; Cota, André Barros
Estudou-se o efeito da taxa de resfriamento sobre a cinética de formação da martensita e sua evolução microestrutural em um aço inoxidável ferrítico com 0,011 %C - 11,1 %Cr - 0,013 N, usando a técnica de dilatometria e a microscopia ótica. Amostras foram austenitizadas a 1000°C por um minuto, seguida de resfriamento sob várias taxas até a temperatura ambiente. A microestrutura obtida é composta, predominantemente, por martensita temperada com uma pequena fração volumétrica de ferrita, com valores de microdureza Vickers variando de 319±4 HV0.2 a 338±4 HV0.2, quando as taxas de resfriamento aumentam de 0,5 para 100 °C/s. Os resultados mostram que as temperaturas de início e fim de formação da martensita diminuem com o aumento da taxa de resfriamento. A taxa de transformação martensítica cresce abruptamente alcançando o valor máximo quando a fração de martensita atinge aproximadamente 42 %, e então, essa taxa diminui até zero quando a transformação da martensita chega ao fim. A taxa máxima da transformação martensítica cresce com o aumento da taxa de resfriamento, sendo 0,01 s-1 a 0,5 °C/s e 2,54 s-1 para 100 °C/s.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of a flash butt welded pearlitic rail.
(2019) Porcaro, Rodrigo Rangel; Faria, Geraldo Lúcio de; Godefroid, Leonardo Barbosa; Apolonio, Gabriela Ribeiro; Cândido, Luiz Cláudio; Pinto, Elisângela Silva
The structural changes resulting from the Flash Butt Welding (FBW) of pearlitic rails have been associated with wear/premature failures, despite this, there are no studies applying dilatometry to correlate the welding thermal cycles with the microstructural development of such material. The microstructural evolution of the heat affected zone is clarified with the aid of dilatometry. The increase in the steel hardenability associated with a larger austenitic grain size promotes the austenite-pearlite transformation at lower temperatures in the grain growth region. This explains why this region has larger pearlite colony size but smaller interlamellar pearlite spacing and higher hardness than the grain refined region. Partial cementite spheroidization in the heat affected zone is responsible for significant decrease in hardness and tensile strength and is correlated to localized dipping, rolling contact fatigue and failures. A dilatometry based methodology is proposed to define a process window and control the post-weld cooling rate at the rail head in order to improve the weld performance due to a better hardness profile, without increasing costs or welding time. For the steel evaluated, a 20% increase in the hardness of the softened area at the HAZ was obtained by dilatometric simulation of a safe accelerated cooling (5 °C/s).

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