EM - Escola de Minas
URI permanente desta comunidadehttp://www.hml.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/6
Notícias
A Escola de Minas de Ouro Preto foi fundada pelo cientista Claude Henri Gorceix e inaugurada em 12 de outubro de 1876.
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76 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Amphimedon viridis marine sponge as metal bioindicator for Al, Ba, Cr, Fe and Mn.(2022) Moreira, Ronan Pereira Garcias; Krohling, Werther; Ferreira Júnior, Paulo Dias; Abreu, Adriana Trópia de; Nalini Júnior, Hermínio Arias; Schmitt, Elisângela Flávia Pimentel; Coutinho, Silvia Cruz Goes; Endringer, Denise CoutinhoBACKGROUND: Bivalves, oysters, and mussels are accepted as biological indicators for marine pollutants. Heavy metals biomonitoring on the environment was this study objective using A. viridis compared with Perna perna (mollusk bivalve). The area studied included Ilha Pituã in Vila Velha – ES and Ilha do Boi and Camburi Garden Beach in Vitoria - ES. METHODS: The sample collection comprised seawater, mussel (P. perna) and sponge (A. viridis). Al, As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, K, Ti and Zn were analyzed using ICP OES. RESULTS For metal studied Al, Ba, Cr, Fe and Mn presented greater accumulation in A. viridis than in P. perna. The metal concentrations detected in seawater, sponge, and mussel could be related using PCA with 79.26% total variance demonstrating that A. viridis bioaccumulated more metals than P. perna. CONCLUSION: Sponge metal accumulation reflected not only spatial metal variation but also seasonal changes.Item Metallogenetic Mn-model of the Rhyacian-aged Buritirama Formation, Carajás domain (Amazon Craton).(2021) Salgado, Silas Santos; Caxito, Fabrício de Andrade; Silva, Rosaline Cristina Figueiredo e; Uhlein, Gabriel Jubé; Nogueira, Leonardo Brandão; Nalini Júnior, Hermínio Arias; Aranda, Ramon de OliveiraThe Mn-bearing Buritirama Formation is composed of clastic and chemical metasedimentary rocks representing a Rhyacian platformal basin (ca. 2.18–2.06 Ga) that limits the northern border of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic Caraj ́ as domain with the Paleoproterozoic Bacaj ́ a domain in the southern Amazon Craton, northern Brazil. The Buritirama Formation is divided into three main stratigraphic units. The Lower and Upper units consist of a basal quartzite followed by carbonate–silicate rocks (marls), dolomitic marbles (dolostone) and minor biotite schist while the Intermediate Unit consists of Mn-carbonate rocks topped by a supergene Mn-oxide deposit (Cenozoic age). These rocks were deformed and metamorphosed during the Transamazonian event (ca. 2.06 Ga). Geochemical data from dolomitic marbles (Lower Unit) exhibit negative Ce anomalies, high Y/Ho ratios (ca. 48) and seawater-like REE + Y patterns that reinforce an open platform setting for the Buritirama basin. Positive δ13C values (+3.2‰ to +5.0‰ V-PDB) for dolomitic marbles are considered to be an expression of the Loma- gundi Carbon Isotopic Excursion. The metallogenesis of Mn-carbonate rocks is evaluated based on redox- sensitive trace elements (e.g. Zn and Ni), PAAS-normalized REE + Y patterns and δ13C values (− 2.56‰ to +0.15‰ V-PDB) and point out to a classical multi-stage redox-controlled Mn-model involving: i) a primary hydrothermal fluid source related to ocean vents and/or normal faults; ii) microbially-mediated reduction of Mn- oxides particles at the ocean bottom; and iii) reactions between Mn2+ and CO3 2− (organic matter and seawater related), giving rise to diagenetic Mn-carbonates. The Rhyacian age, Mn deposits, and presence of Lomagundi- like δ13C allows to correlate the Buritirama Formation with the Aguas ́ Claras Formation within the Caraj ́ as domain further south, thus establishing an important metalliferous event that was up to now largely overlooked within the southern Amazon Craton.Item Distribution and assessment of trace elements contamination in sediments of Conceição River Basin, Brazil.(2021) Leão, Lucas Pereira; Costa, Raphael de Vicq Ferreira da; Leite, Mariangela Garcia Praça; Nalini Júnior, Hermínio Arias; Fonseca, Rita Maria FerreiraThe Conceição river basin, in Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Iron Quadrangle), Brazil, has a long mining history which dates back to the late 17th century, with large gold and iron mines. These activities may be associated with river sediment contamination by trace elements, which were evaluated in this paper by the enrichment factor (EF) and contamination factor (CF). Potential ecological risks, assessed by combining sediment quality control guidelines (SQCG) and potential ecological risk indexes (Er and RI), are presented. Anomalous values for As (92.5 mg·kg−1 ), Cd (22.49 mg·kg−1 ), Cr (2582 mg·kg−1 ), Cu (65.9 mg·kg−1 ), Pb (58.6 mg·kg−1 ) and Zn (133.4 mg·kg−1 ) are observed. The EF and CF indexes indicate contamination by Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn in at least one site, with the highest values for Fe and Mn downstream of the iron mines, and Cr and Ni close to the gold mines. According to the SQGC and Er, As, Cd, Cr, and Ni are the most probable to result in adverse effects on sediment-dwelling organisms in this study. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) indicate distinct lithological units as sources of the analyzed elements, which, associated with the indexes, made it possible for the first time to delimit and classify the high concentrations of some analyzed elements as contamination in the Conceição river basin.Item Mangifera indica L. as airborne metal biomonitor for regions of the state of Espírito Santo (Brazil).(2020) Castro, Leonardo Zago de; Silva, Thaís R. B. da; Ronchi, Silas Nascimento; Guimarães, Adriana A. T.; Nalini Júnior, Hermínio Arias; Ribeiro, Juliano Souza; Coutinho, Silvia Cruz Goes; Schmitt, Elisângela Flávia Pimentel; Endringer, Denise CoutinhoInorganic pollutants are continuously introduced into the atmosphere. Bioindicators present an alternative method of monitoring air quality. This work proposes to evaluate the Mangifera indica L. leaves as a biomonitor for air quality. Quantification of aluminum (Al), barium (Ba), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), sulfur (S), strontium (Sr), titanium (Ti), and zinc (Zn) were determined in leaves of M. indica using optical emission spectrometer inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). The correlogram analyses demonstrated a strong positive correlation between Al and Fe. Contamination of the soil by vehicles and agricultural chemicals, in synergy with the influence of the winds, may be considered as a source of contamination. Enrichment factor (EF) index was used to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic sources. Detection of Mn and Cu could be associated with anthropogenic influence, demonstrating M. indica as a feasible tool to biomonitor air quality.Item Mineral content in honey and pollen from native stingless bees Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811) in the Iron Quadrangle, Brazil.(2020) Oliveira, Fernanda Ataide de; Abreu, Adriana Trópia de; Nascimento, Nathália de Oliveira; Froes, Roberta Eliane Santos; Nalini Júnior, Hermínio Arias; Itabaiana, Yasmine AntoniniThe objective of this work was to determine the mineral content of honey and pollen of the Brazilian native Jata ı bee (Tetragonisca angustula) sampled at nine sites in the so-called Iron Quadrangle region of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Twenty chemical elements were determined in the honey and pollen samples: Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Ga, In, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn. Analysis of the data using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p ¼ .05) revealed statistically significant differences between the mineral contents of honey and pollen, as well as between the samples from different locations. The score plot and loading plot diagrams from factor analysis with Varimax rotation were able to classify the honey and pollen samples according to their geographical origin. The factor analysis separated the sites according to the similarities of the chemical concentrations. These results were related to the geogenic and anthropic contributions of the sites. Therefore, honey and pollen of Jata ı bees could also serve as bioindicators.Item Determination of rare earth elements in Fe-minerals using external calibration by LA-ICP-MS and application on Cauê Iron Formation (Brazil).(2020) Sousa, Denise Versiane Monteiro de; Abreu, Adriana Trópia de; Sampaio, Geraldo Magela Santos; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Rodrigues, Daniel Aparecido da Silva; Nalini Júnior, Hermínio AriasThe rare earth elements (REE) composition in Fe-mineral phases is an important tool in iron formation studies to obtain information about parent rocks and environmental and paragenetic processes. However, the determination of REE presents some difficulties, such as the low concentration of these elements, matrix complexity and lack of iron matrix certified reference materials. The aim of the present work is to propose an analytical method to determine the REE plus Y (REE + Y) contents at trace levels in Fe-(hydr)oxides by the laser ablation ICPquadrupoleMS technique, using external calibration. The calibration curves were obtained from analyses of reference materials with different matrices, and the analytical conditions were checked on the NIST 614 glass. The linearity (R2 ≥ 0.98), limit of detection (0.002–0.044 μg g−1), limit of quantification (0.008–0.146 μg g−1), recovery (88.4–112.4%), and intraday (0.1–14.1%) and interday (1.6–17.8%) precision were systematically assessed. The results obtained showed that the method is fit for the purpose and showed evidence of a nonsignificant interference of the matrix. Thus, the developed procedure was applied in the analyses of magnetite, martite, hematite, and goethite grains from Cauê Iron Formation (Brazil). The REE + Y patterns of the minerals are consistent with the previous study of bulk analyses on whole rocks and highlight the postdepositional signature of these elements in banded iron formations.Item Deciphering the source of multiple U–Pb ages and complex Hf isotope composition in zircon from post-collisional charnockite-granite associations from the Araçuaí orogen (southeastern Brazil).(2020) Melo, Marilane Gonzaga de; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Stevens, Gary; Hartwig, Marcos Eduardo; Pimenta, Marcel Sarcinelli; Nalini Júnior, Hermínio AriasGiant post-collisional magmatic systems are marked by an intricate diversity of zircon ages and Hf isotopic signatures. Granites and charnockites from such systems are in high contrast with simple isotopic composition of modern granites, which often record no more than one crystallization age. Despite the complexity, the assortment in ages and isotopic compositions can be explored to extract vital information to understand magma histories, isotope fractionation and magma sources. Here we focused on a charnockite-granite association (Barra do Sao ˜ Francisco pluton - BSFP) formed during the post-collisional stage of the Araçuaí orogen (southeastern Brazil). The chemical composition of these rocks points towards a metaluminous to slightly peraluminous character, ferroan and calc-alkalic to alkalic signature. Zircons extracted from the BSFP show a large scatter in the U–Pb age distributions (from 614 to 498 Ma), indicating a complex history of magmatic processes during the wanning stages of the orogeny. Detailed discrimination analysis based on texture, chemistry and U–Pb data established well-defined age groups (groups I to III); each of which reveales a significant part of this post-collisional magmatic evolution (ca. 614-552 Ma, ca. 528-513 Ma and ca. 510-498 Ma). Zircon xenocryst cores of Group I have a broad age distribution (ca. 614-552 Ma) that mirror the age distribution within the magmatic and inherited zircon populations from the country rock (Carlos Chagas batholith). The other two age groups are present in all samples and are interpreted here as antecrysts (Group II: ca. 528-513 Ma) and autocrysts (Group III: ca. 510-498 Ma). All charnockite samples show negative εHf(t) (from − 7.4 to − 0.5) and Calymmian to Ectasian model ages (TDM = 1.58-1.21 Ga), indicating contribution from heterogenous sources. The granites exhibit more negative εHf(t) values (from − 9.3 to − 5.9) and largely older model ages (TDM = 1.68-1.49 Ga), indicating that the charnockite and granite magmas were derived from the different crustal sources. These Hf isotopes data are a robust evidence of different source rocks for these magmas with different water activities. The age of the zircon autocrysts and antecrysts can be interpreted as an evidence for a prolonged pluton assemblage probably combined with slow magma cooling during the post-collisional stage of the Araçuaí orogen.Item Geochemical evaluation of bottom sediments affected by historic mining and the rupture of the Fundão dam, Brazil.(2020) Reis, Deyse Almeida dos; Nascimento, Laura Pereira do; Abreu, Adriana Trópia de; Nalini Júnior, Hermínio Arias; Roeser, Hubert Mathias Peter; Santiago, Aníbal da FonsecaThe rupture of the Fundão dam released about 39 million m3 of tailings into the Rio Doce/Brazil. The sediment load increase in the affected rivers has become a concern. As such, this article provides recent information about the region. In addition, based on past studies in the region, it shows the magnitude and dynamics of the environmental impacts caused by the rupture of the dam on the bottom sediments. Sediment samples in different seasonal periods were collected at eleven sampling stations located along the Gualaxo do Norte River, the first tributary of the Rio Doce affected by the environmental disaster. These sediments underwent physical, chemical, and granulometric analyses for their organic, metal, and semimetal content. The contamination factor and the enrichment factor of the samples also were calculated. To evaluate the anthropogenic contributions to sediment metal concentrations, reference values (regional background values) for the Gualaxo do Norte River were used. The results indicate that, in the sampling stations not affected by the disaster, the concentrations of the metals and semimetals reflect the geology of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero. However, in the area affected by the environmental disaster, there were changes in the chemical and physical properties of the bottom sediment, mainly in the concentrations of iron, organic matter, and fine sediment fractions. This was reflected in the contamination factors and enrichment factors calculated for the sediments of the sampling stations. Iron and manganese concentrations in sediments are much higher than other rivers in the world that are unaffected by mining activities. The observed changes in the bottom sediments of the river suggest a need for constant monitoring of the iron because the iron oxide minerals present in silt and clay have a high adsorption capacity. In the long term, these factors may contribute to the decrease of the quality of these sediments and consequently of the waters and biota present in these environments.Item Mapeamento geoquímico do manganês e avaliação da qualidade de sedimentos fluviais e águas superficiais do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brasil.(2019) Leão, Lucas Pereira; Costa, Raphael de Vicq Ferreira da; Leite, Mariangela Garcia Praça; Nalini Júnior, Hermínio AriasO manganês é um contaminante natural das fontes de água, podendo ser tóxico em concentrações elevadas, estando associado a neuropatias. No Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF), em Minas Gerais, o manganês ocorre associado sobretudo ao ferro, sendo que este apresenta ampla distribuição e elevadas concentrações na área de estudo. Neste contexto, foi realizado pela primeira vez um estudo regional da concentração do Mn no QF, sendo analisadas 541 amostras de águas superficiais e sedimentos fluviais, coletadas em trechos de bacias de terceira ordem ao longo de toda a área de estudo. A concentração total de Mn foi determinada nas águas e sedimentos através da técnica de ICP-OES. As concentrações de Mn nos sedimentos fluviais variaram de 0,1 a 28.213 mg.kg1 sendo obtido um valor de background a partir da metodologia do boxplot UIF de 1770 mg.kg-1. Observa-se que as concentrações de Mn nos sedimentos fluviais do QF são muito superiores a outros rios do mundo com comprovada contaminação por metais, como os rios Danúbio, Nilo, Tess e South Plate. Foi realizada a avaliação da qualidade dos sedimentos em relação ao Mn a partir do Fator de Enriquecimento (FE) e Fator de Contaminação (FC), sendo observados 33 amostras com enriquecimento significativo a extremamente alto (FE>10) e 27 com contaminação considerável a elevada (FC>3). Estas amostras estão concentradas nas cidades de Ouro Preto, Mariana, Itabirito, Congonhas e Santa Bárbara. As amostras de águas superficiais apresentaram concentrações de Mn variando de 0,9 a 20.296 mg.L-1, com um valor de Q3 igual a 1770 mg.L-1, que é cerca de 17 vezes maior do que o valor máximo permitido pela legislação nacional vigente de potabilidade de água (padrão organoléptico). Observa-se que as elevadas concentrações deste elemento nas águas e sedimentos estão fortemente relacionadas às litologias do Supergrupo Minas, sobretudo ao Grupo Itabira onde se encontram as grandes minerações de ferro do QF. Essa relação explica a ampla distribuição e as elevadas concentrações de Mn na área de estudo, podendo estas então estarem relacionadas a atividades antrópicas.Item Análise comparativa de metodologias de determinação de valores de referência para sedimentos de corrente.(2019) Costa, Raphael de Vicq Ferreira da; Leão, Lucas Pereira; Leite, Mariangela Garcia Praça; Nalini Júnior, Hermínio AriasA definição de valores de referência em séries de dados geoquímicos tem sido um dos principais desafios nos estudos relativos à geoquímica ambiental. Antigas metodologias eram fundamentadas em parâmetros estatísticos, na construção de tabelas, gráficos e histogramas. Contudo, estas técnicas não definem estes valores de maneira correta ou apresentam valores muito diferentes para a mesma região. Desta forma, o presente trabalho testou diferentes metodologias de determinação de valores de referência para sedimentos de corrente: média +2 desvio padrão, mediana +2 MAD, boxplot UIF, análise fractal, análise espacial com a interpolação pelo modelo IDW e as metodologias associadas, o que foi feito na região do Quadrilátero Ferrífero – Brasil, conhecida mundialmente por sua diversidade de minérios e tipos litológicos. Os resultados indicam que as técnicas mais antigas de determinação de valores de referência, notadamente a “Média + 2x desvio padrão e a Mediana + 2x MAD” demonstraram não serem efetivas para a separação das anomalias, pois superestimam ou subestimam a faixa de referência, podendo causar erros consideráveis quando são discutidos aspectos relativos à legislação ambiental. Já as metodologias “Análise fractal” e “Boxplot UIF” apresentaram, para a grande maioria dos elementos, valores bem próximos, confirmando que o intervalo de referência está correto e, demonstrando que ambas são as mais adequadas para ambientes geológicos complexos. Contudo, foram verificados para alguns elementos (Cu, Fe, Pb e Ti) valores discrepantes de 30 a 46 % entre as metodologias. No entanto, sempre que ocorreram divergências, os valores obtidos via Análise fractal demonstraram ser mais condizentes com a distribuição espacial dos elementos, além de ter apresentado os outliers em locais onde notadamente são observados litotipos ricos no elemento e impactos ambientais capazes de disponibilizá-lo para o meio.