EM - Escola de Minas

URI permanente desta comunidadehttp://www.hml.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/6

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A Escola de Minas de Ouro Preto foi fundada pelo cientista Claude Henri Gorceix e inaugurada em 12 de outubro de 1876.

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Assessing the U-Pb, Sm-Nd and Sr-Sr isotopic compositions of the sume apatite as a reference material for LA-ICP-MS analysis.
(2022) Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Gonçalves, Guilherme de Oliveira; Mazoz, Ariela Oliveira; Buick, Ian S.; Kamo, Sandra L.; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto Scholz; Wang, Hao; Moreira, Hugo Souza; Babinski, Marly; Queiroga, Gláucia Nascimento
This study has determined the trace element and the U-Pb, Sm-Nd and Sr-Sr isotope composition of the Sume apatite (from NE Brazil) to assess its suitability as a primary/secondary reference material for LA-ICP-MS. Reproducibility tests demonstrate that one batch (~ 100 g) of the Sume apatite (Sum e-570) is uniform in terms of Nd-Nd and U-Pb isotope compositions. Bulk isotope dilution TIMS/ICP-MS and LA-MC-ICP-MS analyses confirm that the apatite is well suited for use as quality control material for Nd isotopes and U-Pb geochronology. U-Pb ID-TIMS analyses yield weighted mean ratios of 0.09211 0.00053 (2s; 206Pb*/238U) and 0.06120 0.00063 (2s; 207Pb*/206Pb*) and a weighted mean 206Pb*/238U date of 568 3 Ma (95% c.l.). U-Pb LA-(SF/MC)-ICP-MS runs using Sume-570 as a primary RM and reproduces the dates of other established RMs within 1% deviation (except for Durango 2–4%). Major and trace element abundances show that Sume-570 is a fluorapatite derived from a syenitic source. It also strongly shows LREE-enriched chondrite-normalised REE patterns with significant negative Eu anomalies, due to crystallisation of plagioclase in the residue.
A perspective on potassic and ultrapotassic rocks : constraints on the Paleoproterozoic late to post-collisional event in the São Francisco paleocontinent.
(2021) Bersan, Samuel Moreira; Danderfer Filho, André; Storey, Craig Darryl; Bruno, Henrique; Moreira, Hugo Souza; Abreu, Francisco Robério de; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Gonçalves, Leonardo Eustáquio da Silva; Nahas, Isabela
The late- to post-collisional stage in orogenic systems is characterized by the coeval existence of bimodal potassic to ultrapotassic magmatic activity related to partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle together with crustal derived melts. In this paper, we present new whole rock geochemical analyses combined with zircon and titanite U–Pb and zircon Hf isotopic data from potassic to ultrapotassic rocks from six plutons that occur within the Archean Itacambira-Monte Azul block (BIMA), to discuss their petrogenesis and the tectonic implica- tions for the São Francisco paleocontinent. The new U–Pb ages range from ca. 2.06 Ga to 1.98 Ga and reveal long- lasting potassic magmatism within the BIMA, which is within the late- to- post-collisional stage of the São Francisco paleocontinent evolution. The ultrapotassic rocks are compatible with a fluid-related metasomatized mantle source enriched by previous subduction events, whereas the potassic rocks are bimodal and have a tran- sitional shoshonitic to A-type affinity. These rocks have a hybrid nature, possible related to the mixing between the mafic potassic/ultrapotassic rocks and high temperature crustal melts of the Archean continental crust. Our results also show an increase of within-plate signature towards the younger potassic magmas. The participation of an important Archean crustal component in the genesis of these rocks is highlighted by the common and oc- casionally abundant occurrence of Archean inherited zircons. The Hf isotopic record shows that most of the zircon inheritance has dominantly subchondritic εHf(t) values, which fits a crustal reworking derivation from a similar Eo- to Paleoarchean precursor crust. However, the presence of juvenile 2.36 Ga zircon inheritance in an ultrapotassic sample reveal the existence of a hidden reservoir that is somewhat similar to the described for the Mineiro Belt in southern São Francisco paleocontinent.
Petrogenetic processes at the tipping point of plate tectonics : Hf-O isotope ternary modelling of Earth’s last TTG to sanukitoid transition.
(2020) Moreira, Hugo Souza; Storey, Craig Darryl; Fowler, Mike; Seixas, Luís Antônio Rosa; Dunlop, Joseph
Modern style plate tectonics is characterized by one-sided subduction and continental margin basaltandesite-dacite-rhyolite (BADR) magmatism, whereas continental magmatic rocks in the Archaean record had tonalite-trondjhemite-granodiorite (TTG) composition. Their main difference is the absence (in the modern style) and the presence (in the ancient style) of abundant juvenile, basalt-derived felsic magmatism. The diversity of modern continental magmas depends partly on metasomatic processes in the mantle wedge providing sediment input (melt/fluid). Contrasting scenarios in the rock record therefore are the presence or absence of (1) basalt-derived melt (TTG) and (2) sedimentary input to the magmas. A late, “Archaean-style” tectonic regime is recorded in the Palaeoproterozoic Mineiro Belt (Brazil) using whole-rock geochemistry of its plutons coupled to zircon Hf and O isotopes from these rocks and from detrital grains from the local (meta)sediments. Increasing δ18O with decreasing εHf(t) values in zircon indicate oceanic crust recycling and input of sediments to the mantle wedge during the Palaeoproterozoic. Since some form of early subduction including the formation of a mantle wedge has occurred since the Mesoarchaean, it seems that the onset of subduction and the final establishment of modern plate tectonics at the global scale are temporally distinct. The latter did not occur until the Palaeoproterozoic. Prior to this time (“ante-plate tectonics”), punctuated subcretion/subduction marks a gestational stage that took c. 800 Myr to transition diachronously to a truly global mechanism. The TTGsanukitoid transition, which signals the opening of a mantle wedge, occurred in the Mineiro Belt during the early Proterozoic “magmatic lull” and thus represents the last gasp of the ante-plate tectonics regime.
Paleoproterozoic juvenile magmatism within the northeastern sector of the São Francisco paleocontinent : insights from the shoshonitic high Ba–Sr Montezuma granitoids.
(2020) Bersan, Samuel Moreira; Costa, Alice Fernanda de Oliveira; Danderfer Filho, André; Abreu, Francisco Robério de; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Queiroga, Gláucia Nascimento; Storey, Craig Darryl; Moreira, Hugo Souza
New, integrated petrographic, mineral chemistry, whole rock geochemical, zircon and titanite U–Pb geochronology, and zircon Hf isotopic data from the Montezuma granitoids, as well as new geochemical results for its host rocks represented by the Corrego Tingui Complex, provides new insights into the late- to post-collisional evolution of the northeastern S~ao Francisco paleocontinent. U–Pb zircon dates from the Montezuma granitoids spread along the Concordia between ca. 2.2 Ga to 1.8 Ga and comprise distinct groups. Group I have crystallization ages between ca. 2.15 Ga and 2.05 Ga and are interpreted as inherited grains. Group II zircon dates vary from 2.04 Ga to 1.9 Ga and corresponds to the crystallization of the Montezuma granitoids, which were constrained at ca. 2.03 Ga by the titanite U–Pb age. Inverse age zoning is common within the ca. 1.8 Ga Group III zircon ages, being related to fluid isotopic re-setting during the Espinhaco rifiting event. Zircon εHf(t) analysis show dominantly positive values for both Group I ( 4 to þ9) and II ( 3 to þ8) zircons and TDM2 model ages of 2.7–2.1 Ga and 2.5–1.95 Ga, respectively. Geochemically, the Montezuma granitoids are weakly peraluminous to metaluminous magnesian granitoids, enriched in LILES and LREE, with high to moderate Mg# and depleted in some of the HFSE. Their lithochemical signature, added to the juvenile signature of both inherited and crystallized zircons, allowed its classification as a shoshonitic high Ba–Sr granitoid related to a late- to post-collisional lithosphere delamination followed by asthenospheric upwelling. In this scenario, the partial melting of the lithospheric mantle interacted with the roots of an accreted juvenile intra-oceanic arc, being these hybrid magma interpreted as the source of the Montezuma granitoids. The Corrego Tinguí Complex host rocks are akin to a syn- to late-collisional volcanic arc granitoids originated from the partial melting of ancient crustal rocks. The results presented in this study have revealed the occurrence of juvenile rocks, probably related to an island arc environment, that are exotic in relation to the Paleo- to Neoarchean crust from the S~ao Francisco paleocontinent’s core.
Metamorphism and exhumation of basement gneiss domes in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero : two stage dome-and-keel evolution?
(2019) Cutts, Kathryn Ann; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Alkmim, Fernando Flecha de; Farina, Federico; Moreira, Hugo Souza; Coelho, Viviane Viana
The presence of dome-and-keel provinces in Archean cratons has been connected with the initiation of plate tectonics on Earth as these features are most commonly observed in Archean rocks. The Quadrilátero Ferrífero in Brazil has been identified as a Paleoproterozoic dome-and-keel province for more than three decades. The prevailing model suggests that it formed during the Rhyacian Transamazonian orogeny, making it unique among dome-and-keel provinces. However, a lack of appropriate lithologies, datable minerals and the metamorphic overprint of later orogenesis has resulted in a cryptic metamorphic record for the formation of this dome-and-keel province. A clinopyroxene-bearing migmatite from the core of the Bação dome has peak PeT conditions of 5e7 kbar and 700e750 C and a published age of ca. 2730 Ma based on UePb ages of zircon from leucosomes, suggesting that this age represents the migmatisation event. A fine-grained epidote-albite-titanite assemblage overprints the coarse-grained clinopyroxene and amphibole, giving PeT conditions of 8e9 kbar and 550 C with an associated titanite age of ca. 2050 Ma. A garnet-bearing amphibolite sample also from the core of the dome has peak PeT conditions of 7e8 kbar and 650e700 C, and texturally late titanite from this sample produces an age of ca. 2060 Ma. Three additional samples were collected from the edges of the dome. A garnet-gedrite bearing felsic schist produces peak PeT conditions of 8e9 kbar and 650e700 C on a clockwise PeT evolution. This sample has a UePb zircon age of ca. 2775 Ma, which could date metamorphism or be the age of its volcaniclastic protolith. Texturally unconstrained titanite from the sample gives an age of ca. 2040 Ma. A garnet-bearing amphibolite that occurs as a boudin within the felsic schist gives both zircon and titanite ages of ca. 2050 Ma and has peak PeT conditions of 5e6 kbar and 650e700 C on a near isobaric PeT path. An amphibolite dike, observed to cross-cut the felsic schist produces a zircon UePb age of ca. 2760 Ma. Altogether this data suggests that the samples were metamorphosed in the Archean (ca. 2775e2730 Ma) and again during the Transamazonian event. The most plausible explanation for this data is that dome-and-keel formation occurred in the Archean with migmatisation and high-temperature metamorphism occurring at this time. The Paleoproterozoic event is interpreted as a reactivation of the dome-and-keel formation structures, with Paleoproterozoic keels crosscutting Archean keels and producing metamorphic aureoles. The high radiogenic heat production and the presence of dense sedimentary successions in Archean terranes make dome-and-keel provinces a uniquely Archean feature, but they are susceptible to reworking, resulting in an enigmatic record of formation.
Insights into orogenic processes from drab schists and minor intrusions : Southern São Francisco Craton, Brazil.
(2019) Moreira, Hugo Souza; Cassino, Lucas F.; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Storey, Craig Darryl; Albert, Capucine
Minor altered intrusions and drab retrogressed schists can easily be overlooked in geological studies but this contribution explores these rocks within the Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic southern São Francisco Craton (SSFC), Brazil using geological relationships and accessory mineral in situ analyses in the context of cratonic assembly. Three magmatic pulses are documented: i) Archaean and ii) Palaeoproterozoic felsic intrusions, both hosted by Archaean protoliths, and iii) Palaeoproterozoic felsic intrusions in Palaeoproterozoic supracrustal sequences. Archaean felsic intrusions confirm the Palaeoarchaean age of the mafic/ultramafic sequence of the Rio das Velhas Greenstone Belt and Rhyacian intrusions mark the collisional stage of the Mineiro Belt with the SFC at c. 2130 Ma. Greenstone belt schists show a wide distribution of rounded ‘soccer ball’ Archaean detrital and metamorphic zircon grains ranging in age from 3200 to 2750 Ma with an interpreted overprinting high-grade metamorphic event at c. 2700 to 2680 Ma. Most high-grade metamorphic rims have Th/U > 0.1, negative εHf(t) values and REE pattern consistent with eclogite/granulite metamorphic facies, reinforcing the hypothesis of a dehydrated-refractory crust formed during the stabilization of the SSFC, even though no such protoliths are preserved. This event links crustal thickening and partial melting of Archaean lower crust. Archaean rutile crystals from the greenstone belt schist were reset during the Palaeoproterozoic event but still preserve the early Archaean high-grade metamorphic signature. The presence of unstable ilmenite replaced by rutile in the schist, associated to felsic intrusions with the same age at c. 2130 Ma suggest high pressure, low temperature prograde metamorphism during the collisional stage of the Palaeoproterozoic orogen. Elongate and prismatic zircon grains from the Rhyacian intrusions have low εHf(t) signature and crystallised from partial melting of sedimentary protoliths. Accretionary events produced thicker and more differentiated crust by the end of Rhyacian time. Easily overlooked rocks in this study, when studied, have revealed a rich multi-event history of cratonic evolution.
Zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf record from high-grade complexes within the Mantiqueira Complex : first evidence of juvenile crustal input at 2.4–2.2 Ga and implications for the Palaeoproterozoic evolution of the São Francisco Craton.
(2020) Cutts, Kathryn Ann; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Moreira, Hugo Souza; Alkmim, Fernando Flecha de; Peres, Guilherme Gravina
The Mantiqueira Complex together with the Mineiro Belt and Juiz de Fora Complex, characterize a long-lived system of oceanic and continental magmatic arcs. The proposed accretion of these terranes in the Rhyacian resulted in the closure of the Minas Basin, a fundamental turning point for the geology of this area. Understanding this event is critical for determining the evolution of the South American continent. Despite its importance, there is a paucity of zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf data available for the Mantiqueira Complex and no data from two complexes within the later. U-Pb zircon data were obtained from interpreted metasediments of those two complexes, the granulite facies Acaiaca Complex and Pedra Dourada Granulite. Four targeted samples yield cores with ages between 3.5 and 2.2 Ga and a large proportion of metamorphic grains and rims at ca. 2.1–2.0 Ga. The similarity between the detrital zircon signatures of the Acaiaca Complex and Pedra Dourada Granulite, and the Archaean inheritance of the Mantiqueira Complex, indicates that these three units are related. Potentially the Acaiaca Complex and Pedra Dourada Granulite either sourced the Mantiqueira Complex or the Mantiqueira intrusive suites reworked the protoliths of the Acaiaca Complex and Pedra Dourada Granulite. Hf-in-zircon data indicate two discrete sources for both the Acaiaca Complex and Pedra Dourada Granulite. An Archaean source (model ages of 3.2–2.6 Ga), which is consistent with the suggested origin of the Mantiqueira Complex as recycled Archaean crust sourced from the São Francisco Craton and reworked during the ca. 2.1 Ga Transamazonian orogeny. A second more juvenile source (model ages of 2.4–2.2 Ga) recorded exclusively within the more mafic samples is identical in age and Hf to that found in the Juiz de Fora Complex. This could indicate a close link between the Mantiqueira and Juiz de Fora Complexes in the period 2.2 to 2.0 Ga. Alternatively, these juvenile zircons may represent an as yet unidentified juvenile portion of the Mantiqueira arc. The results of this study are consistent with the prevailing theories for formation of the Mantiqueira Complex as a continental arc with cumulative proportion curves indicating an active-margin type depositional setting.
Evolution of Siderian juvenile crust to Rhyacian high Ba-Sr magmatism in the Mineiro Belt, southern São Francisco Craton.
(2018) Moreira, Hugo Souza; Seixas, Luís Antônio Rosa; Storey, Craig Darryl; Fowler, Mike; Lasalle, Stephanie; Stevenson, Ross; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho
Plutonic rocks from the Mineiro Belt, Brazil record a delayed onset of the transition from TTG to sanukitoid-type magmatism (high Ba-Sr), starting during the Siderian magmatic lull when little juvenile magma was added to the continental crust. Rocks mostly belong to the calc-alkaline series, meta- to peraluminous and originally “I-type”, meaning that oxidized magmas were formed by partial melting of subducted material. The temporal distribution and apparent secular changes of the magmas are consistent with the onset of subduction-driven plate tectonics due to an increase of the subduction angle and opening of the mantle wedge. New isotopic analyses (Sm-Nd whole rock and Lu-Hf in zircon) corroborate the restricted juvenile nature of the Mineiro Belt and confirm the genetic link between the Lagoa Dourada Suite, a rare ca. 2350 Ma high-Al tonalite-trondhjemite magmatic event, and the sanukitoid-type ca. 2130 Ma Alto Maranhão Suite. U-Pb dating of zircon and titanite constrain the crystallisation history of plutonic bodies; coupled with major and trace element analyses of the host rocks, they distinguish evolutionary trends in the Mineiro Belt. Several plutons in the region have ages close to 2130 Ma but are distinguished by the lower concentration of compatible elements in the juvenile high Ba-Sr suite.
Geochronology and geochemistry of Ediacaran volcanic rocks of the Tighardine ore deposit formation (western High Atlas, Morocco).
(2018) Boukerrou, Salah; Nalini Júnior, Hermínio Arias; Moreira, Hugo Souza; Maacha, Lhou; Zouhair, Mohamed; Outhounjite, Mohamed; Ouirouane, Said; Hibti, Mohamed; Touil, Ahmed
The study performed on the host rocks of the Tighardine deposit allows proposing a new lithostratigraphic succession, mainly constituted of three volcanic and volcano–sedimentary units and dolomitic bed and lenses. Volcanic rocks consist mainly of basalt, andesite, and less common dacites. They are characterized by a FeO/MgO ratio range of 0.8–10.0, TiO2 contents ranging between 0.6 and 3.2 wt%, and high values of Zr/Y (7.1 to 9.9), Nb/Y (0.5 to 1.1), and Nb/La (0.7 to 1.1) ratios, providing good evidence of intracontinental tholeiitic character with a subalkaline affinity. They have no Nb anomaly and high Ti/Yb ratios (> 4000), suggesting their derivation from an enriched source and emplacement in an extensional continental setting. Fractional crystallization is the main differentiation mechanism of these rocks, and crustal contamination may have contributed to their final geochemical signature. U/Pb dating these volcanic rocks revealed ages of 603.5 ± 3.3 and 596.1 ± 3.3 Ma. These early Ediacaran ages chronologically correlate to the age of the Lower Ouarzazate Supergroup located in the Precambrian area of the Moroccan Anti-Atlas. The Tighardine formations underwent superimposed polyphase metamorphism. Mineralogical investigations show evidence of local intense thermal metamorphism and hydrothermalism evidenced by andalusite and cordierite in pelites; diopside, tremolite, and actinolite in dolomite; and by actinolite in volcanic rocks. Late brown biotite may overgrow early metamorphic minerals in all facies. Hydrothermal transformation is particularly confined in the crossings of N–S and N70 to E–W faults. The local thermal metamorphism and hydrothermalism result from a hypothetical granitic intrusion at depth. The early disseminated polymetallic mineralization (Cu–Pb–Zn) is confined in the Ediacaran volcanic and volcanosedimentary formation of Tighardine. This volcanic activity contributes to the genesis of the Tighardine ore deposit. The economic ore deposit is related to the recrystallization and brecciation of this early-disseminated polymetallic mineralization, during the Variscan event or later.
U–Pb ages and Hf-isotope data of detrital zircons from the late Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic Minas Basin, SE Brazil.
(2017) Martinez Dopico, Carmen Irene; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Moreira, Hugo Souza; Cassino, Lucas F.; Alkmim, Fernando Flecha de
Because of its world-class iron ore deposits and promising Au and U mineralizations, the late Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic Minas Basin (Minas Supergroup, SE of Brazil) is one of the best-studied basins in South America. However, the lack of datable interlayered volcanic rocks prevented discourse over ages of the strata, the sources and the nature of its ore deposits. In this paper, we present detrital zircon U– Pb age patterns coupled with Lu–Hf data for 18 samples, representing different stages of the Minas Basin evolution ( 2000 analyzed zircons). Age spectra for the main basal unit (Moeda Formation) show a classic rift-related detrital zircon pattern, characterized by multiple autochthonous sources, which in turn are much older than the age of deposition. Maximum age for the rifting event is constrained at ca. 2600 Ma. Detritus accumulated at the base of the Minas Supergroup were derived from Archean source rocks and their sedimentation was marked by differential uplift of the Archean crust, shortly after the 2730–2600 Ma high-K calc-alkaline magmatism (Mamona Event). The age of the BIF deposits is younger than 2600 Ma, most likely coinciding with the great oxygenation event between 2400 and 2200 Ma and the precipitation of banded iron deposits worldwide. Detrital zircons from the topmost units of the Minas strata suggest that tectonic inversion and closure of the basin took place at ca. 2120 Ma with the deposition of the synorogenic Sabará Group. Rhyacian zircon supply showing juvenile Hf signatures gives evidence of a late Rhyacian amalgamation between the Mineiro Belt and the craton. The eHf signatures support the hypothesis that the Archean crystalline crust of the craton was mostly built by crust–mantle mixing processes, with a successive decrease of eHf values in zircons crystallized after 3250 Ma and minor mantle-like additions after Paleoarchean times. Regionally, our dataset supports previous interpretations of a long-lived evolution of the southern São Francisco Craton comprising a succession of convergent island arcs, small microplate collisions, and development

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