EM - Escola de Minas

URI permanente desta comunidadehttp://www.hml.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/6

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A Escola de Minas de Ouro Preto foi fundada pelo cientista Claude Henri Gorceix e inaugurada em 12 de outubro de 1876.

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The precautionary principle and the risk concept.
(2020) Gouveia, Antônio Maria Claret de; Gouveia, Alberto Frederico Vieira de Sousa; Serrano, Alessandra Marques; Soares, Melissa Manger; Versiani, Eduarda Veloso
Objectives: This work focuses on the Precautionary Principle, starting from its current position as a principle still extra-judicial until the delineation of a procedural routine that effectively includes it in the quarrels in which the precautionary nature is evidenced. The context is the duty of care towards the environment, introduced in the main section of Article 225 of the 1988 Constitution. Methods: descriptive, applying hermeneutic principles to analyze laws and literature; the notion of risk, associated with human affairs, is used in order to establish the basis for suggestion of a procedural routine for cases of precautionary nature. The concepts of civil liability without damage and of malice or negligence in face of risk exposure are discussed in parallel for their importance in sustaining the precautionary nature of a dispute. Results: the duty of care towards the environment stated in the main section of Article 225 of Constitution of 1988 makes evident that introducing a procedural routine proper to treat the cases of precautionary nature is a necessity of Brazilian Civil Processual Law. It is concluded that discussing the precautionary nature of the case the public audiences and amicci curiae roles is a first phase in this procedural routine. Next, the formation of Court's conviction in a context where there isn't scientific confidence about the consequences of someone's act or omission must be considered. The decision which may not be the end of the case may include the installation of an Observatory to follow and evaluate periodically the environmental consequences of the enterprise.
Influence of cooling methods on the residual mechanical behavior of fire-exposed concrete : an experimental study.
(2019) Carvalho, Espedito Felipe Teixeira de; Silva Neto, João Trajano da; Soares Junior, Paulo Roberto Ribeiro; Maciel, Priscila de Souza; Fransozo, Helder Luis; Bezerra, Augusto Cesar da Silva; Gouveia, Antônio Maria Claret de
This work reports the main conclusions of a study on the mechanical behavior of concrete under ISO 834 fire with different cooling methods. The aim of this research was to provide reliable data for the analysis of structures damaged by fire. The experimental program used cylindrical concrete test specimens subjected to ISO 834 heating in a furnace up to maximum gas temperatures of 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 ◦C. The compressive strength was measured in three situations: (a) at the different temperature levels reached in the furnace; (b) after a natural cooling process; and (c) after aspersion with water at ambient temperature. The results indicate that the concrete residual compressive strength is fairly dependent on the maximum temperature reached in the furnace and revealed that concrete of a lower strength preserved relatively higher levels of strength. The cooling method significantly influenced the strength, albeit at a lower intensity. In all cases, the residual strength remained in the range of 38% to 67% of the strength at ambient temperature. The statistical analysis showed that the data obtained by the experimental program are significant and confirmed the influence of the conditions imposed on the residual strength.
Environmental compensation : means for repairing damage caused by usage of the area and protected natural resources.
(2020) Gouveia, Antônio Maria Claret de; Serrano, Alessandra Marques; Gouveia, Alberto Frederico Vieira de Sousa; Silvério, Adriana Marques Serrano; Cavalcanti, Thiago Rodrigues
This research aimsto identify and describe the legally established environmental compensations to which persons and legal entities are subjected to due to use of specially protected areas and natural resources for the development of economic activities within the Brazilian territory. The methodology used for the research was a qualitative approach using bibliographical and documentary data, such as articles and standards stipulated in Brazilian environmental laws. Through this study, considering the current environmental standards, it is possible to identify the compensations provided for by the law of the National System of Conservation Unit no. 9985/2000; the environmental compensations for the use of permanent preservation areas, removal of threatened flora species, suppression of native vegetation encountered in the Atlantic Forest biome, as well as intervention in natural cavities. All these compensations were instituted by standards that regulate the use and protection of such natural resources - it remains to be verified whether such obligations have been fulfilled by users of these resources and whether the Public Power has been monitoring their compliance by exercising its supervisory power.
The precautionary principle and the risk concept.
(2020) Gouveia, Antônio Maria Claret de; Gouveia, Alberto Frederico Vieira de Sousa; Serrano, Alessandra Marques; Soares, Melissa Manger; Versiani, Eduarda Veloso
Objectives: This work focuses on the Precautionary Principle, starting from its current position as a principle still extra-judicial until the delineation of a procedural routine that effectively includes it in the quarrels in which the precautionary nature is evidenced. The context is the duty of care towards the environment, introduced in the main section of Article 225 of the 1988 Constitution. Methods: descriptive, applying hermeneutic principles to analyze laws and literature; the notion of risk, associated with human affairs, is used in order to establish the basis for suggestion of a procedural routine for cases of precautionary nature. The concepts of civil liability without damage and of malice or negligence in face of risk exposure are discussed in parallel for their importance in sustaining the precautionary nature of a dispute. Results: the duty of care towards the environment stated in the main section of Article 225 of Constitution of 1988 makes evident that introducing a procedural routine proper to treat the cases of precautionary nature is a necessity of Brazilian Civil Processual Law. It is concluded that discussing the precautionary nature of the case the public audiences and amicci curiae roles is a first phase in this procedural routine. Next, the formation of Court's conviction in a context where there isn't scientific confidence about the consequences of someone's act or omission must be considered. The decision which may not be the end of the case may include the installation of an Observatory to follow and evaluate periodically the environmental consequences of the enterprise.
Influence of cooling methods on the residual mechanical behavior of fire-exposed concrete : an experimental study.
(2019) Carvalho, Espedito Felipe Teixeira de; Silva Neto, João Trajano da; Soares Junior, Paulo Roberto Ribeiro; Maciel, Priscila de Souza; Fransozo, Hélder Luís; Bezerra, Augusto Cesar da Silva; Gouveia, Antônio Maria Claret de
This work reports the main conclusions of a study on the mechanical behavior of concrete under ISO 834 fire with different cooling methods. The aim of this research was to provide reliable data for the analysis of structures damaged by fire. The experimental program used cylindrical concrete test specimens subjected to ISO 834 heating in a furnace up to maximum gas temperatures of 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 ◦C. The compressive strength was measured in three situations: (a) at the different temperature levels reached in the furnace; (b) after a natural cooling process; and (c) after aspersion with water at ambient temperature. The results indicate that the concrete residual compressive strength is fairly dependent on the maximum temperature reached in the furnace and revealed that concrete of a lower strength preserved relatively higher levels of strength. The cooling method significantly influenced the strength, albeit at a lower intensity. In all cases, the residual strength remained in the range of 38% to 67% of the strength at ambient temperature. The statistical analysis showed that the data obtained by the experimental program are significant and confirmed the influence of the conditions imposed on the residual strength.
The emergency law : is it able to create a DRM system in Brazil?
(2018) Gouveia, Antônio Maria Claret de
Brazil is increasingly impacted by natural disasters, forcing the Federal Government to improve the current disaster risk management (DRM) system. After the two big disastrous events of Nova Friburgo, RJ and of Vale do Itajaí, SC, during 2011, Brazilian Congress approved a new Emergency Law which is supposed to be the cornerstone of a Brazilian DRM system. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate how much this law is able to produce effective results in this direction. The methodology adopted is the hermeneutics analysis of the law text itself and of its reference texts but focus is on its engineering concepts and on the disaster management method proposed. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction priorities for action in the period 2005-2015 are taken as a reference. Conclusions suggest that a revision of the current Brazilian Emergency Law is needed and key aspects for this revision are described.
A relational concept of fire : an innovative strategy for fire safety design.
(2018) Gouveia, Antônio Maria Claret de; Bezerra, Augusto Cesar da Silva; Silva Neto, João Trajano da; Castanheira, Luciana Gomes; Villas Boas, Paola de Macedo Gomes Dias; Guimarães, Elaine Mártiles Ferreira
The authors believe that there is a misguided concept regarding high risk fire in many countries. The classic concept of fire is that it is uncontrolled combustion. A new relational concept of fire is proposed herein, where fire is defined as the result of an interactive process between the fire, the building and the occupants. In addition, two design principles are proposed: the initial ignition is fully probabilistic, and the three elements of a fire may be fully designed. The authors discuss the role of design and the genetics of building safety. Conclusions point out that there has been a bad concept of fire during decades of prescriptive design practice. Authors emphasize that this relational concept of fire is a basis for an innovative design for fire safety.
Substituição parcial do cimento Portland pela cinza de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar em habitações de interesse social.
(2017) Rezende, Mariana Felicetti; Machado, Fernando Carlos Scheffer; Gouveia, Antônio Maria Claret de; Bezerra, Augusto Cesar da Silva; Grillo, Rodolfo Henrique Freitas; Ortigara, Yuri Vilas Boas
Este trabalho apresenta uma simulação das possíveis reduções de emissões de gases de efeito estufa geradas pela substituição parcial de cimento Portland por cinza de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (CBCA) em habitações de interesse social. Para isso, foi analisado o uso da CBCA nas construções do Programa “Minha Casa Minha Vida” em Minas Gerais e foram mensuradas as reduções pelo Método QE-CO2. As emissões de CO2 de dois cenários hipotéticos foram avaliadas com base na metodologia QE-CO2, nível básico. Os resultados demonstram que a substituição do cimento Portland pela CBCA pode gerar reduções de custos e, sobretudo, dos patamares de emissões de CO2, em ambos os cenários, evidenciando, dessa forma, a possibilidade de utilização da cinza de bagaço da cana-de-açúcar em habitações de interesse social.
Revisiting the risk concept in geotechnics : qualitative and quantitative methods.
(2017) Gouveia, Antônio Maria Claret de; Paganin Neto, Miguel; Gouveia, Alberto Frederico Vieira de Sousa
In this paper, the concept of risk is discussed with focus on its use in geotechnics. The authors focalize the operational definition of risk, giving special emphasis to the concept of risk scenarios. Concepts of hazard, vulnerability and susceptibility are focalized because they appear in the literature in place of the concept of risk. Examples are presented. It is concluded that quantitative methods to evaluate risks are associated with non-equations elucidating the cultural, phenomenal and environmental dimensions of the risk concept. Index approach qualitative methods are associated with a compression of risk concept expressed through equations that evaluate risk as a sole number. This apparent paradox in risk analyses — equations associated to qualitative methods — is responsible for most of problems in measuring and communicating risk.
Fire load survey of historic Buildings : a case study.
(2007) Gouveia, Antônio Maria Claret de; Andrade, Adriana Fátima Tonidandel
The results of a fire load density survey carried out in Ouro Preto in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil are presented. The inventory method is used and details of the survey methodology and processing are given. Forty-three buildings are surveyed and the determination of fire load density is made for 39 occupancies, each occupancy comprising one or more rooms, or even an entire building. The average fire load density is 2989 MJ/m2 and the standard deviation is 2833 MJ/m2. Commercial stores are found to be the most heavily loaded but a single maximum fire load density of 14,560 MJ/m2 is found in a drugstore. Because of new extensions of old buildings, some rooms have relatively low fire loads. It is observed that wood contributes a substantial portion of fire load, being 35% of movable fire load and 37% of fixed fire load. Comparison of the results, with those established by Brazilian standard NBR 14432, indicate that measured values could exceed standard values by up to a factor of 10.

EM - Escola de Minas

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