EM - Escola de Minas
URI permanente desta comunidadehttp://www.hml.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/6
Notícias
A Escola de Minas de Ouro Preto foi fundada pelo cientista Claude Henri Gorceix e inaugurada em 12 de outubro de 1876.
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Mine fleet cost evaluation : Dijkstra’s optimized path.(2019) Souza, Felipe Ribeiro; Câmara, Taís Renata; Torres, Vidal Félix Navarro; Nader, Beck; Galery, RobertoThe transport distance in a mining operation strongly influences a mine op- eration revenue and its operational cycle because it is a fundamental part of the total mining costs. Generally, the transport route is determined based on an engi- neer’s practical knowledge, which does not consider any mechanism to optimize the possible routes to be taken. In an attempt to establish a methodology for cal- culating the path that results in minimum costs to transport the mined block to its destination, the Dijkstra methodology is applied to a tree graph analysis, where the mining blocks are analysed as nodes of the tree. The transport cost is reflected as the arc of the graphs, which can use the Euclidean distance or the transport time for the calculation of the minimum path. The result obtained from the Di- jkstra algorithm provided a non-operational route; to overcome this problem, an adjustment was performed through non-parametric equations. In this manner, it was possible to determine the transport costs for each block of the model. The paths based on Euclidean distance and transport time showed a tendency to in- crease for deeper mining regions. Identifying areas of largest growth and correctly quantifying their values increase the efficiency of mining planning.Item Optimum mine production rate based on price uncertainty.(2019) Souza, Felipe Ribeiro; Câmara, Taís Renata; Torres, Vidal Félix Navarro; Nader, Beck; Galery, RobertoThe production rate of a mining operation has an important effect on the opera- tional cycle and gross profit, which are often evaluated based on engineering practices. Assessment of the economic performance of mine operations in mining engineering is of great importance because an incorrect production rate can result in significant financial losses. The production rate is composed of two bases: the cost estimation and the price scenario. Bureau of Mines studies performed on American mines indicated that processing costs can be estimated through the production rate. This article pro- poses to connect the model presented by the Bureau of Mines and queuing theory to describe the operational costs, which are used to develop a production optimization methodology. The proposed cost composition describes a production system to verify the law of diminishing returns and the economy of scale. Between these regions of the production curve, the optimum point was determined with mathematical precision.Item Classical and stochastic mine planning techniques, state of the art and trends.(2018) Torres, Vidal Félix Navarro; Nader, Beck; Arroyo Ortiz, Carlos Enrique; Souza, Felipe Ribeiro; Burgarelli, Hudson Rodrigues; Chaves, Leonardo Soares; Carvalho, Luiz Alberto de; Câmara, Taís Renata; Fernandes, Eunírio Zanetti; Galery, RobertoDetermination of the best possible ultimate pit for an open pit mine is a fundamental subject that has undergone a highly evolutionary process, reviewed in this study, since the correct choice carries substantial economic impact for the industry. The correct choice can be very beneficial for project analysis, whereas an incorrect choice has the potential to mask huge financial and economic future losses that could render a project unfeasible. The advent of computers in the 1960s allowed sophisticated analysis for the selection of the best ultimate pit determination, under specific modifying factors such as economic, social, environmental, and political, but only in deterministic situations, i.e., when the problem and variables for the ultimate pit determinations were considered deterministically and almost always based on average values. Techniques such as the Lerchs– Grossman algorithm and mixed-integer programming are among many standard tools now used by the mineral industry. Geological uncertainty and the associated risks as well as the need to consider the appropriate time to mine a block during a mine operation have a significant impact on the net present value of the resulting ultimate pits. Stochastic aspects embed a probabilistic component that varies in time and are now under intense investigation by researchers, who are creating algorithms that can be experimented with and tested in real mine situations. One can expect that once these algorithms demonstrate their efficiency and superior results, they will readily dominate the industry.Item Direct block scheduling under marketing uncertainties.(2018) Burgarelli, Hudson Rodrigues; Souza, Felipe Ribeiro; Nader, Alizeibek Saleimen; Torres, Vidal Félix Navarro; Câmara, Taís Renata; Arroyo Ortiz, Carlos Enrique; Galery, RobertoMineral projects are composed of geological, operational and market uncertainties, and reducing these uncertainties is one of the objectives of engineering. Most surveys assess the impact of geological and operational uncertainties on the mining planning. The objective of this work is to study the impact of market uncertainty on the mineral activity. The influence of iron ore price simulation on mining sequencing will be evaluated. The price of iron ore has random behavior that is best represented by the Geometric Brownian Movement system. This study analyzed the historical series of iron ore in order to determine the percentage volatility and drift. Traditionally, a constant and deterministic price is used for the ore mined in all periods of a mineral project. The direct block scheduling methodology was adopted because it is able to apply the appropriate financial discount factor to the simulated probabilistic price. The proposed methodology was able to quantify the market uncertainty.Item Escolha ótica aplicada à pré-concentração de minério oxidado de zinco.(2012) Martins, Lemyr; Peres, Antônio Eduardo Clark; Galery, Roberto; Pereira, Carlos AlbertoNo depósito de zinco de Vazante o minério é silicatado, sendo a willemita o mineral-minério principal e a dolomita o principal mineral de ganga. O minério é retirado da mina subterrânea e enviado ao concentrador onde é submetido às etapas de britagem, moagem, flotação de zinco, flotação de carbonatos, espessamento e filtragem. Buscando aumentos no teor e recuperação de zinco e redução de contaminantes (carbonatos e magnésio) no concentrado foi investigada a préconcentração por escolha ótica. Os resultados, apresentados e discutidos neste trabalho, foram divergentes. Em algumas condições operacionais resultados muito bons foram obtidos, porém em outras condições o desempenho operacional foi pouco satisfatório.Item Carbonate content reduction in zinc ore concentrate.(2012) Martins, Lemyr; Peres, Antônio Eduardo Clark; Galery, Roberto; Pereira, Carlos AlbertoThe hydrometallurgical zinc extraction from the willemite concentrate is impaired by the presence of high carbonate content. A stiff froth is produced causing zinc losses and acid consumption. A standard procedure was developed to de ne the acceptable froth layer height in a laboratory test. Froth layers shorter than 2 cm resulted from carbonate content in the concentrate below 10.8%. The feasibility of adding a carbonate otation stage to the circuit was tested in laboratory and pilot scales. Among the collectors investigated, only those presenting a saponi cation degree above 189 mg KOH/mg were effective in the laboratory experiments. Oleine and rice bran oil soaps were selected for the pilot scale experiments. The nal stage was a one month long industrial trial performed in a circuit consisting of three pneumatic cells G18. A comparison between the average results of the industrial trial including the carbonate otation stage and data of the raw industrial concentrate indicated that the MgO content in the concentrate dropped from 3.7%–3%. Concurrently, the carbonate content in the concentrate dropped from 11%–10.6%, the zinc grade in the concentrate increased from 41.4%–42% and the zinc recovery increased from 86.6%–89.8%. The concentrate was processed in the hydrometallurgical plant with no frothing problems.Item Effects of hematite surface characteristics on filtration process.(2016) Graça, Leonardo Martins; Lagoeiro, Leonardo Evangelista; Galery, Roberto; Peres, Antônio Eduardo ClarkIn iron ore pelletizing plants a range of process parameters such as particle size distribution, specific surface area, and moisture, must be controlled to achieve opti¬mized operation conditions. Particle size distribution and specific surface area are con¬trolled during the grinding operations. Moisture, however, is controlled during filtra¬tion of the ground products. This work investigates the relationship between particle morphology, filter cake moisture and filter capacity. The samples were taken during the filtration tests and referred to three different blends presenting distinct mineralogical features and similar chemical compositions in order to investigate the effects of only the hematite surface characteristics. Six types of morphology are distinguished: granu¬lar hematite, tabular hematite, martitic hematite, polycrystalline hematite, hematite-goethite aggregates and goethite. For each filtration test, the filter cloth product was characterised. The characterisation analysis revealed that blends containing martitic hematite concentration above 11.45 percent increased substantially the filter capacity. However, it had also caused an increasing in final moisture content that reached values around 10.0 % compared with industrial moisture specification that can vary on the range of 8.5 to 9.5 %.Item Dispersion effect on a lead–zinc sulphide ore flotation.(2009) Silvestre, Marcelo Oliveira; Pereira, Carlos Alberto; Galery, Roberto; Peres, Antônio Eduardo ClarkThis investigation was performed with samples from a lead–zinc sulphide deposit aiming at studying the influence of the dispersion degree of the particles in the pulp on lead and zinc flotation. Samples of ore and also of the minerals sphalerite, galena, pyrite, and dolomite were selected for the experiments. Nine types of dispersing agents and six blends among them were employed. A set of three dispersing agents was selected for the lead flotation and another set of three was chosen for zinc flotation. The criteria for the reagents selection were: high dispersion degree for galena and low for the other species, high dispersion degree for sphalerite and low for the other species, low dispersion degree for pyrite and high for the other species, and high dispersion degree for all species. Lead flotation experiments were performed under three conditions aiming at verifying the influence of the dispersing agent, of the pH, and of sodium carbonate. The zinc flotation tests were carried out at pH 10.5, modulated with lime. The use of dispersing agents in lead flotation did not improve the overall efficiency of the circuit for, despite improving the lead metallurgical recovery, they increase significantly the zinc losses in the lead concentrate. Sodium carbonate presented a low dispersion degree and did not affect the lead flotation results when compared with those achieved at natural pH and at pH 9.8 modulated with lime. Two dispersing agents were particularly effective in zinc flotation: dispersant 3223, a sodium polyac-rylate, and sodium hexametaphosphate. Both reagents significantly enhanced zinc recovery without impairing the concentrate quality.