EM - Escola de Minas

URI permanente desta comunidadehttp://www.hml.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/6

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A Escola de Minas de Ouro Preto foi fundada pelo cientista Claude Henri Gorceix e inaugurada em 12 de outubro de 1876.

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Time and isotopic constraints for Early Tonian basaltic magmatism in a large igneous province of the São Francisco – Congo paleocontinent (Macaúbas basin, Southeast Brazil).
(2022) Souza, Maria Eugênia Silva de; Martins, Maximiliano de Souza; Queiroga, Gláucia Nascimento; Soares, Antônio Carlos Pedrosa; Dussin, Ivo Antonio; Castro, Marco Paulo de; Serrano, Paula
The Neoproterozoic Macaúbas basin (southeast Brazil) provides key hints to unravel the history of the São Francisco – Congo paleocontinent before its amalgamation as part of Gondwana. Among the several Proterozoic taphrogenic events and anorogenic igneous episodes documented for the São Francisco – Congo paleocontinent, Early Tonian event has been particularly focused on in the literature owing to the large production of bimodal (felsic-mafic) magmas now found in the Araçuaí (SE Brazil) – West Congo (SW Africa) orogenic system (AWCO) and neighboring cratonic regions. Aiming to examine the stratigraphic relations, timing and isotopic signatures of extensive basaltic magmatism related to the Macaúbas basin, we carried out detailed field, lithochemical, isotope (whole-rock Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf in zircon) geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronological studies on the Pedro Lessa suite and Planalto de Minas Formation, located in the central-western Araçuaí orogen. The studied Pedro Lessa suite consists of a series of mafic dikes that crosscut the lowermost units of the Macaúbas Group but not the Planalto de Minas Formation. The Pedro Lessa suite yielded zircon U-Pb ages between 951 ± 54 Ma and 939 ± 7 Ma. The Planalto de Minas Formation comprises volcaniclastic rocks crystallized at 889 ± 10 Ma, and sedimentary rocks with maximum depositional age of 867 ± 10 Ma. The lithochemical and isotopic datasets (Pedro Lessa dikes: εNd(t) = +0.60; εHf(t) = –22.21 to +4.66; Planalto de Minas volcanism: εNd(t) = +0.76 to +0.78; εHf(t) = − 19.27 to +10.03) indicate predominantly continental tholeiite and minor enriched MORB-type mantle magmas with variable amounts of crustal contamination. The (La/Sm)N ratios indicate a theoretical partial melting (1–7%) of the spinel-lherzoite lithospheric zone for the Pedro Lessa suite, and of the spinel-garnet transition zone (3–10%) for the Planalto de Minas metamafic rocks, in accordance with La/Nb and La/Ba ratios. The new and complied isotopic and lithochemical data suggest a time-dependent evolution of magma sources, with lithospheric mantle sources for the Early Tonian dike swarms (Pedro Lessa and correlatives) evolving to predominantly asthenospheric mantle sources for the late basaltic volcanism recorded in the Planalto de Minas Formation. Such an extensive and long-lasting anorogenic magmatism of Early Tonian age (c. 965 – 870 Ma) found in the AWCO and São Francisco – Congo craton likely records more than one extensional event and related aborted continental rifts, altogether driven by the same mantle plume. Although long-lived, this mantle plume acted beneath a strong continental lithosphere so that it was unable to break up the São Francisco – Congo paleocontinent into two completely separated landmasses. Highlighting the main stages of anorogenic magmatism, we also present an updated barcode for the São Francisco – Congo paleocontinent.
An exotic Cretaceous kimberlite linked to metasomatized lithospheric mantle beneath the southwestern margin of the São Francisco Craton, Brazil.
(2022) Carvalho, Luisa Diniz Vilela de; Jalowitzki, Tiago Luis Rei; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto Scholz; Gonçalves, Guilherme de Oliveira; Rocha, Marcelo Peres; Pereira, Rogério Silvestre; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Castro, Marco Paulo de; Queiroga, Gláucia Nascimento; Fuck, Reinhardt Adolfo
We present major and trace element compositions of mineral concentrates comprising garnet xenocrysts, ilmenite, phlogopite, spinel, zircon, and uncommon minerals (titanite, calzirtite, anatase, baddeleyite and pyrochlore) of a newly discovered Late Cretaceous kimberlite (U-Pb zircon age 90.0 ± 1.3 Ma; 2r) named Osvaldo França 1, located in the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province (APIP), southeastern Brazil. Pyrope grains are lherzolitic (Lherz-1, Lherz-2 and Lherz-3), harzburgitic (Harz-3) and wehrlitic (Wehr-2). The pyrope xenocrysts cover a wide mantle column in the subcratonic lithosphere (66–143 km; 20–43 kbar) at relatively low temperatures (811–875 C). The shallowest part of this mantle is represented by Lherz-1 pyropes (20–32 kbar), which have low-Cr (Cr2O3 = 1.74–6.89 wt.%) and fractionated middle to heavy rare earth elements (MREE-HREE) pattern. The deepest samples are represented by Lherz-2, Lherz-3, Harz-3, and Wehr-2 pyropes (36–43 kbar). They contain high-Cr contents (Cr2O3 = 7.36–11.19 wt.%) and are char- acterized by sinusoidal (Lherz-2 and Wehr-2) and spoon-like (Lherz-3 and Harz-3) REE patterns. According to their REE and trace elements, pyrope xenocrysts have enriched nature (e.g., Ce and Yb vs. Cr2O3), indicating that the cratonic lithosphere has been affected by a silicate melt with subalkaline/ tholeiite composition due to their low Zr, Ti and Y concentrations. Besides minerals with typical kimber- litic signatures, such as ilmenite and zircon, the exotic compositions of phlogopite and ulvöspinel suggest an enriched component in the magma source. The formation of rare mineral phases with strong enrich- ment of light-REE (LREE) and high field strength elements (HFSE) is attributed to the late-stage kimber- litic melt. We propose a tectonic model where a thermal anomaly, represented by the low-velocity seismic anomaly observed in P-wave seismic tomography images, supplied heat to activate the alkaline magmatism from a metasomatized cratonic mantle source during the late-stages of Gondwana fragmen- tation and consequent South Atlantic Ocean opening. The metasomatism recorded by mineral phases is a product of long-lived recycling of subducted oceanic plates since the Neoproterozoic (Brasiliano Orogeny) or even older collisional events, contributing to the exotic character of the Osvaldo França 1 kimberlite, as well as to the cratonic lithospheric mantle.
Trace-element composition of pyrite and its implications for hydrothermal process within the Mesoproterozoic metasedimentary sequences of the São Francisco Craton, northeastern Brazil.
(2022) Melo, Marilane Gonzaga de; Moreira, Éder Carlos; Simplicio, Fábio; Queiroga, Gláucia Nascimento; D’Agostim, Letícia Garcia; Castro, Marco Paulo de
A distribuição de elementos traço em pirita é documentada pela primeira vez em veios de quartzo hospedados em sequências metassedimentares mesoproterozoicas da Formação Tombador, Cráton São Francisco, Nordeste do Brasil. Neste estudo, aná- lises de microssonda eletrônica (EPMA) foram utilizadas para determinar as composições de elementos traço em pirita nesses veios de quartzo hidrotermal. Três variedades de pirita foram distinguidas e interpretadas com base em relações petrográficas e padrões de elementos traço. A pirita preexistente (Py1 ), derivada do quartzito hospedeiro, é pobre em Ni, com concentrações variando de 600 a 6.100 ppm. A pirita alongada sintectônica (Py2 ) tem composição de elementos traço similar à de Py1 , com concentrações de Ni entre 830 e 7.870 ppm. Em contraste, a pirita euédrica a subédrica hidrotermal (Py3 ), possivelmente pós- -tectônica, contém teores mais elevados de Ni (7.970 – 26.120 ppm). Rochas máficas e/ou metassedimentares do Supergrupo Espinhaço foram provavelmente a fonte de Ni para esse evento de fluxo de fluido. A geração de fluidos está relacionada à des- volatilização da base da crosta espessada, com migração de fluidos por estruturas preexistentes. Várias zonas de cisalhamento e dobras de tendência NNW em larga escala foram desenvolvidas durante a inversão da bacia Espinhaço, como resultado do evento orogênico Brasiliano de 0,6 Ga. O movimento do fluido regional através da crosta nesse momento é suportado por vários veios mineralizados e depósitos hidrotermais no Cráton São Francisco e cinturões neoproterozoicos adjacentes.
The fast exhumation pattern of a Neoproterozoic nappe system built during West Gondwana amalgamation : insights from thermochronology.
(2021) Teixeira, Alice Westin; Campos Neto, Mario da Costa; Hollanda, Maria Helena Bezerra Maia de; Salazar Mora, Claudio Alejandro; Queiroga, Gláucia Nascimento; Frugis, Gabriella Labate; Castro, Marco Paulo de
In this contribution we investigate the exhumation T-t path of a nappe system located in the southernmost edge of the Brasília Orogen, southeast Brazil, developed during the West Gondwana assembly. The allochthons represent an inverted metamorphic pile of nappes and were deformed during the collision between the Paranapanema (active margin) and S˜ ao Francisco (passive margin) paleocontinents. The nappe system comprises UHT rocks of a magmatic arc root (upper Socorro-Guaxup´e Nappe), the accretionary wedge – foreland units metamorphosed under high-pressure conditions (intermediate Andrelandia ˆ Nappe System) and the lower passive margin metasedimentary sequences (the high-pressure Carrancas Nappes System and the Lima Duarte Nappe). New U-Th-PbT in monazite and 40Ar/39Ar in hornblende, biotite and muscovite ages combined with previously published data indicate different patterns of cooling for each allochthon. The upper nappes register a collision to exhumation/cooling path, from 630–625 Ma to 590–580 Ma, which indicates that the geological process active during the West Gondwana amalgamation involved fast exhumation tectonics. Cross-sections along the main transport direction of the nappes indicate a progressive decrease of metamorphic age peaks (630–625 Ma to 590–570 Ma) and 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages (600 Ma to 540 Ma) from the internal regions (SW) to the front (NE) of the nappe system, which indicate that the propagation of the nappe pile advanced progressively from the upper to the lower nappes.
Geochemistry and δ11B evolution of tourmaline from tourmalinite as a record of oceanic crust in the Tonian Ibaré ophiolite, southern Brasiliano Orogen.
(2020) Arena, Karine da Rosa; Hartmann, Leo Afraneo; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Queiroga, Gláucia Nascimento; Castro, Marco Paulo de
The isotopic and geochemical evolution of tourmaline constrain the processes of paleo-oceanic lithosphere in ophiolites. The Brasiliano Orogen is a major structure of South America and requires characterization for the understanding of Gondwana supercontinent evolution. We made a pioneering investigation of tourmaline from a tourmalinite in the Ibaré ophiolite by integrating fi eld work with chemical analyses of tourmaline by electron microprobe (EPMA) and δ11B determinations via laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS). Remarkably massive tourmalinite (>90 vol.% tourmaline, some chlorite) enclosed in serpentinite has homogeneous dravite in chemical and isotopic composition (δ11B = +3.5 to +5.2‰). These results indicate a geotectonic environment in the altered oceanic crust for the origin of the tourmalinite. This fi rst δ11B characterization of tourmaline from tourmalinite sets limits to the evolution of the Neoproterozoic to Cambrian Brasiliano Orogen and Gondwana evolution.
Geoquímica de feldspato, mica, berilo e turmalina e geocronologia U-Pb em monazita dos pegmatitos fazenda Concórdia e São Domingos - Espírito Santo, Brasil.
(2020) Costa, Flávia Compassi da; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto Scholz; Marques, Rodson de Abreu; Queiroga, Gláucia Nascimento; Castro, Marco Paulo de
Os pegmatitos Fazenda Concórdia e São Domingos, inseridos no contexto geotectônico do limite entre as faixas Ribeira e Araçuaí, dentro da Província Pegmatítica Oriental do Brasil, estão localizados, respectivamente, nos municípios de Mimoso do Sul e de Muqui – sul do Espírito Santo. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é estudá-los, a partir de aspectos geoquímicos, a fi m de caracterizar a evolução desses corpos. As técnicas analíticas empregadas foram: microssonda eletrônica (para a composição química dos feldspatos, micas, berilos e turmalina); LA-Q-ICP-MS (para a caracterização dos elementos traços dos minerais citados); e LA-SF-ICP-MS (para a obtenção das idades pela razão U-Pb, em grãos de monazita). Ambos os pegmatitos apresentam zoneamento simples e contêm quartzo, feldspato e mica, porém o pegmatito Fazenda Concórdia possui também turmalina, berilo e topázio. Em relação à geoquímica, foi possível perceber que esses corpos apresentam um trend de evolução em que o pegmatito São Domingos é menos diferenciado que o pegmatito Fazenda Concórdia. Quando comparados aos pegmatitos do Campo Marilac (Distrito Pegmatítico de Governador Valadares), onde ocorrem pegmatitos simples a complexos, os pegmatitos Fazenda Concórdia e São Domingos não apresentam um grau de evolução elevado/complexo. A monazita do pegmatito São Domingos apresenta a mesma idade da rocha encaixante (Grupo Bom Jesus do Itabapoana), sendo assim produto da fusão das rochas desse grupo.
Mineralogical evolution of the northern Bossoroca ophiolite, São Gabriel terrane.
(2020) Massuda, Amanda Juliano; Hartmann, Leo Afraneo; Queiroga, Gláucia Nascimento; Castro, Marco Paulo de; Leandro, Carolina Gonçalves; Savian, Jairo Francisco
Mineralogical evolution of ophiolites is significant to understand paleo-oceanic crust and mantle requiring multi-proxy techniques to identify steps in the processes. We studied the Bossoroca ophiolite from the southern Brasiliano Orogen, a prime example of Tonian accretion to an oceanic island arc. Integration of field geology, aeromagnetometry, aerogamaspectrometry, electron microprobe analyses, and compositional maps of minerals led to the decoding of oceanic and continental processes. The ophiolite is highly magnetic and low-K and is positioned at the base of the superstructure. We studied amphibolite, tourmalinite, and chromite-talc-magnesite granofels from the ophiolite, Capivaras diorite from the Cambaí Complex infrastructure and one metavolcanoclastic rock from the Vacacaí Group superstructure. Honblende is zoned in all rock types. Low-Ti hornblende is compatible with medium-pressure metamorphism at 7 kbar. This M1 to M2 amphibolite facies resulted in the widespread association of olivine + talc in metaserpentinite. Dravite is similar to tourmaline from the Ibaré ophiolite. Andesine and oligoclase are dominant and albite minor. Cr-spinel in granofels recrystallized in greenschist facies; host rock originated by carbonatization of serpentinite formed in the oceanic crust along with chloritite and tourmalinite. Serpentinite rare earth elements (REE) suggest origin in depleted mantle peridotite. The ophiolite evolved in the Adamastor Ocean until incorporation into the island arc.
A mineral system approach on the Paleoproterozoic Au-bearing quartz veins of the Jacobina Range, northeastern of the São Francisco Craton, Brazil.
(2021) Miranda, Daniel Augusto de; Misi, Aroldo; Klein, Evandro Luiz; Castro, Marco Paulo de; Queiroga, Gláucia Nascimento
The Jacobina Range mountain chain is located in the northeastern part of Bahia state, Brazil. It is 250 km long, with N–S direction located at the eastern border of the Gavi˜ ao-Lençois ´ block, and corresponds to the northern portion of the Contendas-Mirante-Jacobina Lineament. There are several structurally controlled Au-bearing quartz veins hosted by metasedimentary rocks of the siliciclastic Jacobina Group and Vale do Coxo metaultramafic schists that are exploited by artisanal miners. Four of these deposits were mapped. They are hosted by two Paleoproterozoic fault systems, named from east to west, as Pindobaçu and Maravilha. The Pindobaçu fault system, D1 phase, second-order thrust, and reverse faults hosts both central and oblique mineralized veins at Morro da Palmeirinha and Maravilha deposits, respectively. The Maravilha fault system, D2 phase, second-order transpressive fault, hosts the mineralized central shear vein at the Jaqueira deposit. The D3 phase, second-order normal faulting hosts mineralized central shear vein at Mina Velha. The sericitic alteration is dominant in the D1 and D2 phase deposits, while sulfidation prevails in the D3 phase. Gold grades are lower at the deposits with schist as host rocks when compared to deposits were quartzite is the predominant host rock. Chlorite geothermometry showed that the hydrothermal system temperature conditions ranged between 303 ◦C and 346 ◦C at Jaqueira and the primary H2O + CO2+NaCl (type I) and H2O + NaCl (subtype II.a) fluid inclusion assemblage seems to be heterogeneously entrapped during the phase separation, which was triggered by a decrease in pressure, with retrometamorphic conditions, during the orogenic uplift at the Jacobina Range. Later, this assemblage was reequilibrated according to the hydrothermal system temperature conditions. The vapor-rich H2O + NaCl fluid inclusion assemblage subtype II.d suggests a possible magmatic contribution in fluid composition at the Mina Velha deposit. The H2O + NaCl, secondary subtypes II.b and II.c fluid inclusion assemblages from Jaqueira and Mina Velha deposits are of uncertain origin. The hydrothermal mineralization at Jacobina Range is interpreted as an orogenic mineral system, and the following elements were characterized: (1) participation of orogenic and possibly magmatic fluid composition; (2) the fault systems in a compression-driven fluid flow type acted as conduits of the mineralizing fluids, and the second-order structures were the throttle of the hydrothermal system; (3) the later phases of tectonic evolution were the driver; (4) the inductor of gold precipitation was fluid-rock interaction; (5) dispersion in the gold content occurred when schist host rocks are present.
Tourmaline composition and boron isotopes record lateritic weathering during the great oxidation event.
(2020) Cabral, Alexandre Raphael; Ferreira, Tiago Henrique de; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Castro, Marco Paulo de; Queiroga, Gláucia Nascimento
Identifying evidence of oxidative weathering in the geological record is essential to trace the evolution of Earth's atmosphere oxygenation. Metamorphosed residues of lateritic weathering have been identified as two rock types in the 2.1-Ga-old Cercadinho Formation, Piracicaba Group, Quadrilátero Ferrífero of Minas Gerais. One is tourmaline–hematite–sillimanite–kyanite quartzite; the other is rutile–tourmaline–hematite–muscovite phyllite. Both rocks have abundant tourmaline with δ11B values between about −17‰ and −13‰. The Cercadinho tourmaline is roughly parallel to the povondraite–“oxy-dravite” join of meta-evaporitic tourmaline, in its more aluminous segment, offset to higher contents of iron. These compositional and isotopic characteristics of the Cercadinho tourmaline indicate that continental evaporitic brines interacted with aluminium- and iron-rich residues of lateritic weathering. The abundance of disseminated tourmaline, a mineral poorly reported from palaeosols worldwide, implies a boron-rich brine overprint on the lateritic profile before the onset of metamorphism, reflecting a climatic change from humid to arid conditions in a continental setting. The recognition of lateritic weathering in the Cercadinho Formation contributes to the amount of evidence for increased levels of atmospheric oxygen between 2.22 and 2.06 Ga ago.
Provenance shift through time in superposed basins : from early cryogenian glaciomarine to late ediacaran orogenic sedimentations (Araçuaí Orogen, SE Brazil).
(2020) Castro, Marco Paulo de; Queiroga, Gláucia Nascimento; Martins, Maximiliano de Souza; Soares, Antônio Carlos Pedrosa; Oliveira, Leon Dias; Lana, Cristiano de Carvalho; Babinski, Marly; Alkmim, Ana Ramalho; Silva, Marco Antônio da
Records of Precambrian glaciation have been reported from southeastern Brazil for over a century. We present sedimentological, stratigraphic and isotopic (U-Pb and Lu-Hf on detrital zircons, C and O on carbonates) studies on diamictite-rich to diamictite-free successions of the Araçuaí Orogen, the Brazilian counterpart of the Araçuaí – West Congo Orogenic System (AWCO). From base to top, the Chapada Acauã Formation (Macaúbas Group) includes a diamictite-rich unit, with lenses of graded sandstone and clast-supported conglomerate, that gradually passes to graded sandstone, pelite with sparse oversized clasts and rare carbonate lenses on top, representing mass flow and turbidity current deposits of submarine fan, followed by finer-grained turbiditic sedimentation with iceberg discharges along fan fringes, from glaciomarine to post-glacial scenarios. The Salinas Formation comprises a deep-sea sand-mud sequence composed of pelites and pelitic wackes. The Chapada Acauã Formation was deposited in-between 750 and 667 Ma. It shows wide spectra of zircon ages (typical of continental rift to passive margin settings) that start around 3.2 Ga and display main age peaks indicating sediment provenance from the Rhyacian-Orosirian basement (εHf(t) = +14.6 to −18.5) and Early Tonian anorogenic rocks (950–880 Ma; εHf(t) = −3.2 to −23.2) for the diamictite-rich lower unit and, for the upper unit, also in Early Cryogenian anorogenic rocks (ca. 715 Ma, εHf(t) = −9.6). In contrast, the Salinas Formation shows most ages in-between 676 and 620 Ma and a maximum sedimentation age around 551 Ma, with εHf(t) from +6.9 to −18.2, unravelling an important shifting of sediment provenance to sources located in magmatic arcs and collisional granites of the Araçuaí and Ribeira orogens. The Early Cryogenian age and negative Hf signature for the glaciomarine Chapada Acauã Formation point to sediment sources in the 720–670 Ma anorogenic igneous rocks found in AWCO and adjacent Congo – São Francisco Craton, and suggest correlation with the Sturtian global glaciation.

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