EM - Escola de Minas

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Blast furnace’s replacement rate calculation for biomasses based on chemical and thermal properties.
(2021) Campos, Alex Milton Albergaria; Barbosa, João Paulo Elias; Assis, Paulo Santos
The injection of pulverized materials in blast furnaces is a technique that has been used in iron making for reducing costs with reducing fuels and allows greater operational control. To be injected, the material needs some chemical, physical and thermal characteristics for the process. However, biomass presents as an economical and environmentally viable alternative to replace part of the coal used in this process. One variable analyzed in the reduction process is the replacement rate (RR), which is the amount of coke saved loading on the top of the reactor per quantity of material injected. There are some mathematical models for calculating the replacement rate based on properties, which are results of studies in determined blast furnaces. This work will show some calculations for replacement rate of biomasses using formulas from the literature. Some results show the technical feasibility for the use of biomass in blast furnaces.
Economic and environmental analyses of biomass torrefaction for injection as pulverized material in blast furnaces.
(2021) Campos, Alex Milton Albergaria; Khozhanov, Nietbai; Assis, Paulo Santos; Tursunbaev, Khambar; Masatbayev, Muratbek
Biomass was the first material used as a fuel by humanity, being replaced by fossil fuels after the industrial revolution. With the growing of environment discursions and the effects of CO2 emissions, biomass has been gaining strength as a potential alterna- tive to fossil fuels, especially for steelmaking, which is responsible for about 5 to 10% of all CO2 emitted. It is known that biomass, compared to fossil fossils, has a higher volatile content, high moisture and lower calorific value. On the other hand, it has a higher hydrogen content and lower sulfur content (important for the steel industry), in addition it is considered neutral in CO2 emissions. Torrefaction, heating biomass at a temperature between 200-280°C in an oxygen free atmosphere, is an interesting treat- ment to adapt biomasses for use in the steelmaking processes, mainly in the pulverized material injection into the blast furnace. PCI is an extremely important process for the production of iron in the blast furnace, due to its ability to reduce coke consumption and optimize the operation of the reactor. This article comes with the purpose of pre- senting a bibliographic review about PCI technique, torrefaction process, biomasses and its applicability in the steel industry. In addition, an economic and environmental analysis of the possible use of biomass in steelmaking processes will be presented. Results shows that the use of torrefied biomass in the injection process is interesting, generating savings of 10 dollars and reduction of 264kg in CO2 emissions per ton of hot metal, with a replacement of 50% of the coal used by biomass.
Quality evaluation of metallurgical coke produced with sawdust and different mixtures of coal.
(2021) Carvalho, Lays Augusta Leal; Campos, Alex Milton Albergaria; Assis, Paulo Santos
The present research is dedicated to analyzing the addition of sawdust biomass, which is a carbonaceous raw material that may be used in coal blends for the production of metallurgical coke, preserving the required quality, with lower cost. The quality of metallurgical coke may be determined by the efficiency of its chemical, physical and thermal functions inside the blast furnace. For the production of hot metal, any modification in the constituents of the raw materials may have a direct influence on the blast furnace productivity and in the final quality of steel. From the thermal degradation analyzes such as coke reactivity index (CRI) and coke strength reaction (CSR), cold resistance (DI) and immediate analyzes, it may define the quality of metallurgical coke produced with biomass aiming at relating the parameters that interfere in the particularities of the material function in the blast furnace. Some results show that it is possible to use 2% of eucalyptus sawdust in the coal mixture.
Analysis of the influence of biomass addition in coal mixture for metallurgical coke production.
(2021) Campos, Alex Milton Albergaria; Assis, Paulo Santos
Metallurgical coke is a common material used for hot metal production in blast furnaces. In addition to the fuel function, it has a physical assignment, supporting the load inside the reactor, and chemical, supplying carbon to hot metal. However, due to growing discourse on environmental issues, the production of hot metal via coke blast furnace has been in evidence. This process is responsible for about 70% of CO2 emissions in steelmaking. On the other hand, biomasses are materials that are available in different ways in nature and considered neutral in CO2 emissions since they absorb this gas and release oxygen in the photosynthesis process. Thus, a viable alternative in the short term is the partial replacement of the coal used in coke production with biomass, which would generate environmental gains, and guarantee the sustainable production. Therefore, this work aims to show several published researches using biomass in coke production. The effects that biomass has on the properties of coke will be emphasized, and at the end, an environmental analysis will be shown with the possible use of biomass. It will be possible to see that it is possible to substitute between 2 and 10% of the coal for biomass, producing coke with the characteristics required in the blast furnace.

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