EM - Escola de Minas
URI permanente desta comunidadehttp://www.hml.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/6
Notícias
A Escola de Minas de Ouro Preto foi fundada pelo cientista Claude Henri Gorceix e inaugurada em 12 de outubro de 1876.
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4 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Cave Geomechanical Index (CGI). classification and contribution to the conservation of natural caves in the iron mines.(2021) Brandi, Iuri Viana; Barbosa, Marcelo Roberto; Silva, Airton Barata da; Paula, Rafael Guimarães de; Correa, Tomas; Lima, Hernani Mota de; Osborne, Robert ArmstrongCave geotechnical studies have been the key to meeting the requirements of Brazilian environmental legislation for the conservation of speleological heritage in mining areas. This paper presents a methodology that classifies iron caves according to their susceptibility to structural instability called the Cave Geomechanical Index (CGI). This index combines four variables: (1) Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Bieniawski’ s geomechanical variable, which classifies the quality of the rock mass hosting the cave; (2) Hydraulic Radius (HR), an engineering variable that allows the dimension of the span to be evaluated; (3) Ceiling Shape (CS), a speleological variable that indicates whether the ceiling geometry of the cave spans is favorable or unfavorable for block formation, and (4) Ceiling Thickness (CT), a geotechnical variable that represents the depth between the ceiling of the cave and the surface of the ground regarding auto-support issues. The CGI was developed, applied and calibrated over four years, by monitoring 63 spans from 27 caves adjacent to active iron ore mines in Carajás, Pará state, Brazil, that had been authorized to be eliminated. This geomechanical classification system proved to be easy to implement and its results showed that 76% of the spans with breakdown occurrences in the caves were classified as high or very high susceptibility to structural instability, while 94% of the spans classified as low susceptibility did not show any signs of physical damage. The CGI is discussed with the focus on improving stability studies, predictability of cave breakdown mechanisms and geotechnical risk analysis of iron caves near mining operations.Item Physical stability of iron ore caves : geomechanical studies of a shallow underground cave in SE Brazil.(2019) Brandi, Iuri Viana; Sebastião, Cristiane Silva; Ferreira, Mauri Lopes; Lima, Hernani Mota de; Gama, Maria Filipa Perez daCaves hosted in iron formations are attracting considerable interest due to their scientific and environmental value. Some of these caves are located in or near iron ore mine sites, which represent an important source of income to Brazil. However, the Brazilian legislation requires speleological studies that currently have an impact upon ore reserves and environmental licensing processes. The aim of this study was to apply conventional geotechnical empirical approaches to a cave located within the grounds of an iron ore mine in the Iron Quadrangle and validate it with numerical modelling, to ensure the method's applicability to natural caves under mining activity influence. These studies comprised the mapping of structural, geotechnical and geomechanical features of rocks hosting and surrounding the cave and to propose geotechnical domains. Field data collection covered the geotechnical parameters necessary to calculate the characteristic Mining Rock Mass Rating (MRMR) for each geotechnical domain, and to evaluate the stability conditions using the stability index or hydraulic radius of the cave. These geotechnical parameters were then used to calculate the physical parameters used in two-dimensional numerical simulations to verify the good stability conditions of the cave, corroborating the adequacy of Laubscher's diagram. The results of this study, although comprising only one cave, suggest that Laubscher's diagram is applicable for assessing the geotechnical behavior of iron ore caves.Item Instrumented geotechnical monitoring of a natural cave in a near mine operation – towards a sustainable approach to mining and preservation of speleological heritage.(2019) Brandi, Iuri Viana; Barbosa, Marcelo Roberto; Paula, Rafael Guimarães de; Araújo, Ramon Nunes; Moura, Rafael Simões Vieira de; Lima, Hernani Mota deThe iron ore mining in Brazil is currently restricted due to federal laws for natural caves protection. Four classes of cave relevance are formally designated based primarily on geological and biospeleological criteria. According to the law, Maximum Relevance caves must be protected, together with a 250 m buffer zone. This protection zone, on the other hand, blocks substantial iron ore reserves that impacts mining projects feasibility and postpones or discontinues several ones. This 250 m buffer zone has a preliminary status and can be increased or reduced according to the results of specific long-term studies that ensure caves’ physical integrity, as well as the maintenance of its ecological balance. Considering the need to preserve the natural caves and to conduct a sustainable mining operation, this paper presents the geotechnical monitoring methodology used to anticipate instabilities in the cave, as well as to optimize the study time, considering an approach through remote instrumentation. A pilot project with operations within the 250 m protected zone of a natural cave was conducted at the iron ore mine N4EN, in Carajas, Brazil. Strain and convergence measurements were conducted on the weaknesses points/zones within the caves, identified during geostructural-geotechnical mapping. The data collected were continuously transmitted via web in real time to a database server; automatically treated and turned into updated reports and control charts available on the Internet from an expert software. The results demonstrated the applicability of remote geotechnical techniques for monitoring the structural stability of caves near mining operations, even when subjected to seismic waves, generated by regular blasting. This approach has contributed to the sustainability of the operations that reached a distance of 75 m from the studied cave that remained stable and with its speleological balance and functionality.Item Proposta de uma metodologia de classificação geotécnica aplicada a cavernas em litologias ferríferas.(2018) Brandi, Iuri Viana; Lima, Hernani Mota de; Gomes, Romero César; Braga, Marco Antônio da Silva; Parizzi, Maria Giovana; Barbosa, Marcelo RobertoOs estudos espeleológicos vêm sendo fortemente impulsionados por influência da atual legislação ambiental brasileira, seja no âmbito dos processos de licenciamento de novos projetos como nas operações correntes das atividades industriais. No caso específico da indústria mineral, as consequências econômicas são severas, uma vez que a balança comercial brasileira tem influência direta das commodities minerais e, principalmente, o minério de ferro, que corresponde a mais de oitenta por cento do volume de exportação anual de bens minerais. As questões geológico-geotécnicas, enfoque principal dessa pesquisa, compõem os principais parâmetros de análise da estabilidade estrutural das cavernas situadas em zonas de mineração. Os estudos sobre a gênese e a dinâmica evolutiva natural das cavidades subterrâneas compõem o universo de pesquisas pertinentes a geotecnia aplicada a espeleologia, considerando ainda que é necessária uma nova estratégia de abordagem no campo das geociências, exigindo levantamentos de campo específicos e de longa duração. Neste sentido, essa tese propõe uma nova metodologia para análise dos níveis de suscetibilidade a instabilidade estrutural das cavernas em litologias ferríferas situadas em áreas de mineração. A metodologia proporciona a identificação de parâmetros utilizados na estimativa de riscos geotécnicos de cavidades, favorecendo a classificação dos diversos vãos que compõem as cavernas segundo um índice geotécnico de cavernas (IGC) proposto, específico e sustentado numa abordagem analítica simples, consistente e prática, a qual passa a representar o estado de equilíbrio dos respectivos vãos das cavernas estudadas. Como resultados, a classificação dos vãos segundo o IGC permite uma efetiva antecipação da possibilidade de impactos irreversíveis sobre as cavidades protegidas por lei. Com a aplicação deste novo índice geotécnico será possível qualificar o estado de equilíbrio das cavernas em litologias ferríferas e agir com medidas que atenuem os esforços da mineração sobre estas cavidades subterrâneas naturais.