EM - Escola de Minas

Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4

Study of the project parameters influence in the performance of solar collectors.
(2019) Mapa, Lidianne de Paula Pinto; Mendes, Bárbara de Morais; Bortolaia, Luis Antônio; Leal, Elisângela Martins
This paper aims to observe the influence of design parameters on the performance of plane solar collectors. From the energy balance of the plane solar collector, the mathematical model was implemented varying the following design parameters: (i) Thickness of the absorber plate; (ii) Distance between the absorber and the cover; (iii) Edge insulation thickness; (iv) Absorber emittance; (v) Conductivity of the absorber; (vi) Convective heat transfer coefficient inside the tubes; (vii) Distance between tubes; (viii) Wind velocity; (ix) Solar radiation incident; and (x) Back insulation thickness. These parameters were altered observing the influence on the optical efficiency; the coefficient of energy loss; the instantaneous efficiency; and the useful energy gain. From the results, it is possible to see that the parameters that most influence the performance of the solar collector are the distance between the absorber and the cover, the absorber emittance, the thermal conductivity of the absorber, the distance between tubes, wind speed and solar radiation incident.
Technical analysis of a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine cycle.
(2019) Leal, Elisângela Martins; Bortolaia, Luis Antônio; Leal Júnior, Amauri Menezes
The relatively high operating temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell allows for a highly efficient conversion to power, internal reforming, and high-quality by-product heat for cogeneration or a bottoming cycle. Besides, high-temperature fuel cells offer a good opportunity for coupling to a gas turbine. Fuel cell systems have demonstrated minimal air pollutant emissions and low greenhouse gas emissions. This paper focuses on the investigation and technical analysis of a direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell (DIR-SOFC) and a gas turbine (GT) system. The technical analysis comprises of an energy and exergy analysis of the hybrid cycle, using the Gibbs function minimization technique for the methane steam reforming process. The assessment is performed to determine the influence of the hybrid cycle operating temperature and pressure, steam-to-carbon ratio and fuel and oxidant usage in the fuel cell. Equilibrium calculations are made to find the ranges of inlet steam-to-carbon ratio and the operating current density of the fuel cell. After that, a hybrid system consists of a DIR-SOFC and a GT is evaluated using computer simulation. The results showed that the fuel cell is the main power producer system at the design point. The high-energy efficiency (around 62%) and exergy efficiency (around 58%) are achieved by the hybrid cycle compared to fuel cell efficiency (about 40%) and the GT (around 38%). The power ratio (SOFC/GT) found was 1.50. An analysis varying the fuel cell current density and the GT pressure ratio was performed showing that the fuel cell power production decreases about 7% with increasing current density when the GT becomes the main power-producing equipment. However, the system energy efficiency decreases with the reduction of power produced by the fuel cell.
Study of the electricity consumption reduction of a compressed air system : the case of a steelmaking company.
(2017) Silva, Washington Luís Vieira da; Souza, Leonardo Carvalho Oliveira de; Bortolaia, Luis Antônio; Paula, Milton Realino de; Leal, Elisângela Martins
This work aims to reduce the energy consumption and thus increase the availability of blast furnace compressors of a steelmaking company, located in Alto Paraopeba region in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, through the elimination of waste points in the compressed air distribution. In order to develop this work, an ultrasound test in the compressed air line was performed to identify and quantify leaks in the flow. Once the leaks were identified, they were eliminated through corrective maintenance and improvements, and then the energy consumption scenarios before and after the improvements were compared. As a result, the average monthly electricity consumption in the reporting period decreased by 57.2%. In addition, one compressor was set aside in stand-by condition, as in the original plant. Thus, one can prove the efficiency in eliminating of waste points in compressed air distribution, since the reduction of energy consumption is important for the company to remain competitive, as the cost of electric energy affects the final price of the final products.
Modelling and simulation of cross flow grain dryers.
(2013) Khatchatourian, Oleg A.; Vielmo, Horácio Antonio; Bortolaia, Luis Antônio
A mathematical model, algorithm, and computer program were developed to simulate the performance of cross flow grain dryers and cross flow dryers with energy saving. The mass and heat transfer processes were described by a system of four non-linear partial differential equations. This system of equations was solved by the MacCormack method with time splitting. The Neumann method was used to determine convergence. The sourceterms in these equations were computed by auxiliary semi-empirical equations obtained by experimental data from thin layer drying. Equipment developed to obtain these data permitted variation of the initial air humidity, temperature, and velocity. Fixed bed drying experiments were conducted to validate the model. Simulations using various control regimens were made to determine the impact on energy consumption and cross flow dryer performance due to recycling air exhausted from various stages of the dryer. An iterative process was used to determine the initial conditions at the entrance to each section of the dryer. The computer simulations were used to evaluate the non-uniformity of temperature and grain moisture content distributions in dryers, the duration of the drying process and the energy efficiency for each geometry and control regimen.

EM - Escola de Minas

Notícias

Navegar

Filtros

Configurações

Ordenar por

Resultados por página

Resultados da Pesquisa