EM - Escola de Minas
URI permanente desta comunidadehttp://www.hml.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/6
Notícias
A Escola de Minas de Ouro Preto foi fundada pelo cientista Claude Henri Gorceix e inaugurada em 12 de outubro de 1876.
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13 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item A vibrational spectroscopic study of the phosphate mineral vantasselite Al4(PO4)3(OH)3 9H2O.(2015) Frost, Ray Leslie; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto Scholz; Belotti, Fernanda Maria; López, Andrés; Theiss, Frederick L.We have studied the phosphate mineral vantasselite Al4(PO4)3(OH)3 9H2O using a combination of SEM with EDX and Raman and infrared spectroscopy. Qualitative chemical analysis shows Al, Fe and P. Raman bands at 1013 and 1027 cm 1 are assigned to the PO43 m1 symmetric stretching mode. The observation of two bands suggests the non-equivalence of the phosphate units in the vantasselite structure. Raman bands at 1051, 1076 and 1090 cm 1 are attributed to the PO43 m3 antisymmetric stretching vibration. A comparison is made with the spectroscopy of wardite. Strong infrared bands at 1044, 1078, 1092, 1112, 1133, 1180 and 1210 cm 1 are attributed to the PO4 3 m3 antisymmetric stretching mode. Some of these bands may be due to dAl2OH deformation modes. Vibrational spectroscopy offers a mechanism for the study of the molecular structure of vantasselite.Item A vibrational spectroscopic study of the anhydrous phosphate mineral sidorenkite Na3Mn(PO4)(CO3).(2015) Frost, Ray Leslie; López, Andrés; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto Scholz; Belotti, Fernanda Maria; Xi, YunfeiSidorenkite is a very rare low-temperature hydrothermal mineral, formed very late in the crystallization of hyperagpaitic pegmatites in a differentiated alkalic massif (Mt. Alluaiv, Kola Peninsula, Russia). Sidorenkite Na3Mn(PO4)(CO3) is a phosphate–carbonate of sodium and manganese. Such a formula with two oxyanions lends itself to vibrational spectroscopy. The sharp Raman band at 959 cm 1 and 1012 cm 1 are assigned to the PO43 stretching modes, whilst the Raman bands at 1044 cm 1 and 1074 cm 1 are attributed to the CO32 stretching modes. It is noted that no Raman bands at around 800 cm 1 for sidorenkite were observed. The infrared spectrum of sidorenkite shows a quite intense band at 868 cm 1 with other resolved component bands at 850 and 862 cm 1. These bands are ascribed to the CO32 out-of-plane bend (m2) bending mode. The series of Raman bands at 622, 635, 645 and 704 cm 1 are assigned to the m4 phosphate bending modes. The observation of multiple bands supports the concept of a reduction in symmetry of the carbonate anion from D3h or even C2v.Item Structural characterization and vibrational spectroscopy of the arsenate mineral wendwilsonite.(2014) Frost, Ray Leslie; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto Scholz; López, Andrés; Belotti, Fernanda Maria; Xi, YunfeiIn this paper, we have investigated on the natural wendwilsonite mineral with the formulae Ca2(Mg,Co)(AsO4)2_2(H2O). Raman spectroscopy complimented with infrared spectroscopy has been used to determine the molecular structure of the wendwilsonite arsenate mineral. A comparison is made with the roselite mineral group with formula Ca2B(AsO4)2_2H2O (where B may be Co, Fe2+, Mg, Mn, Ni, Zn). The Raman spectra of the arsenate related to tetrahedral arsenate clusters with stretching region shows strong differences between that of wendwilsonite and the roselite arsenate minerals which is attributed to the cation substitution for calcium in the structure. The Raman arsenate (AsO4)3_ stretching region shows strong differences between that of wendwilsonite and the roselite arsenate minerals which is attributed to the cation substitution for calcium in the structure. In the infrared spectra complexity exists of multiple to tetrahedral (AsO4)3_ clusters with antisymmetric stretching vibrations observed indicating a reduction of the tetrahedral symmetry. This loss of degeneracy is also reflected in the bending modes. Strong Raman bands around 450 cm_1 are assigned to m4 bending modes. Multiple bands in the 350–300 cm_1 region assigned to m2 bending modes provide evidence of symmetry reduction of the arsenate anion. Three broad bands for wendwilsonite found at 3332, 3119 and 3001 cm_1 are assigned to OH stretching bands. By using a Libowitzky empirical equation, hydrogen bond distances of 2.65 and 2.75 Å are estimated. Vibrational spectra enable the molecular structure of the wendwilsonite mineral to be determined and whilst similarities exist in the spectral patternsb with the roselite mineral group, sufficient differences exist to be able to determine the identification of the minerals.Item Infrared and Raman spectroscopic characterization of the carbonate mineral huanghoite - and in comparison with selected rare earth carbonates.(2013) Frost, Ray Leslie; López, Andrés; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto Scholz; Xi, Yunfei; Belotti, Fernanda MariaRaman spectroscopy complimented with infrared spectroscopy has been used to study the rare earth based mineral huanghoite with possible formula given as BaCe(CO3)2F and compared with the Raman spectra of a series of selected natural halogenated carbonates from different origins including bastnasite, parisite and northupite. The Raman spectrum of huanghoite displays three bands are at 1072, 1084 and 1091 cm^-1 attributed to the (CO3)^2- symmetric stretching vibration. The observation of three symmetric stretching vibrations is very unusual. The position of (CO3)^2- symmetric stretching vibration varies with mineral composition. Infrared spectroscopy of huanghoite show bands at 1319, 1382, 1422 and 1470 1091 cm^-1. No Raman bands of huanghoite were observed in these positions. Raman spectra of bastnasite, parisite and northupite show a single band at 1433, 1420 and 1554 1091 cm^-1 assigned to the m3 (CO3)^2- antisymmetric stretching mode. The observation of additional Raman bands for the m3 modes for some halogenated carbonates is significant in that it shows distortion of the carbonate anion in the mineral structure. Four Raman bands for huanghoite are observed at 687, 704, 718 and 730 1091 cm^-1 and assigned to the (CO3)^2- m2 bending modes. Raman bands are observed for huanghoite at around 627 1091 cm^-1 and are assigned to the (CO3)^2- m4 bending modes. Raman bands are observed for the carbonate m4 in phase bending modes at 722 1091 cm^-1 for bastnasite, 736 and 684 1091 cm^-1 for parisite, 714 1091 cm^-1 for northupite. Raman bands for huanghoite observed at 3259, 3484 and 3589 1091 cm^-1 are attributed to water stretching bands. Multiple bands are observed in the OH stretching region for bastnasite and parisite indicating the presence of water and OH units in their mineral structure. Vibrational spectroscopy enables new information on the structure of huanghoite to be assessed.Item Infrared and Raman spectroscopic characterization of the phosphate mineral fairfieldite Ca2(Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)2 2(H2O).(2013) Frost, Ray Leslie; Xi, Yunfei; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto Scholz; Belotti, Fernanda Maria; López, AndrésRaman spectroscopy complimented with infrared spectroscopy has been used to determine the molecular structure of the phosphate mineral fairfieldite. The Raman phosphate ðPO4Þ3_ stretching region shows strong differences between the fairfieldite phosphate minerals which is attributed to the cation substitution for calcium in the structure. In the infrared spectra complexity exists with multiple ðPO4Þ2_ antisymmetric stretching vibrations observed, indicating a reduction of the tetrahedral symmetry. This loss of degeneracy is also reflected in the bending modes. Strong Raman bands around 600 cm_1 are assigned to m4 phosphate bending modes. Multiple bands in the 400–450 cm_1 region assigned to m2 phosphate bending modes provide further evidence of symmetry reduction of the phosphate anion. Three broadbands for fairfieldite are found at 3040, 3139 and 3271 cm_1 and are assigned to OH stretching bands. By using a Libowitzky empirical equation hydrogen bond distances of 2.658 and 2.730 Å are estimated. Vibrational spectroscopy enables aspects of the molecular structure of the fairfieldite to be ascertained.Item Vibrational spectroscopy of the phosphate mineral lazulite - (Mg, Fe)Al2(PO4)2 (OH)2 found in the Minas Gerais, Brazil.(2013) Frost, Ray Leslie; Xi, Yunfei; Beganovic, Martina; Belotti, Fernanda Maria; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto ScholzThis research was done on lazulite samples from the Gentil mine, a lithium bearing pegmatite located in the municipality of Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Chemical analysis was carried out by electron microprobe analysis and indicated a magnesium rich phase with partial substitution of iron. Traces of Ca and Mn, (which partially replaced Mg) were found. The calculated chemical formula of the studied sample is: (Mg0.88, Fe0.11)Al1.87(PO4)2.08(OH)2.02. The Raman spectrum of lazulite is dominated by an intense Sharp band at 1060 cm_1 assigned to PO stretching vibrations of of tetrahedral [PO4] clusters presents into the HPO2_ 4 units. Two Raman bands at 1102 and 1137 cm_1 are attributed to both the HOP and PO antisymmetric stretching vibrations. The two infrared bands at 997 and 1007 cm_1 are attributed to the m1 PO3_ 4 symmetric stretching modes. The intense bands at 1035, 1054, 1081, 1118 and 1154 cm_1 are assigned to the m3 PO3_ 4 antisymmetric stretching modes from both the HOP and tetrahedral [PO4] clusters. A set of Raman bands at 605, 613, 633 and 648 cm_1 are assigned to the m4 out of plane bending modes of the PO4, HPO4 and H2PO4 units. Raman bands observed at 414, 425, 460, and 479 cm_1 are attributed to the m2 tetrahedral PO4 clusters, HPO4 and H2PO4 bending modes. The intense Raman band at 3402 and the infrared band at 3403 cm_1 are assigned to the stretching vibration of the OH units. A combination of Raman and infrared spectroscopy enabled aspects of the molecular structure of the mineral lazulite to be understood.Item A vibrational spectroscopic study of the phosphate mineral zanazziite Ca2(MgFe2+)(MgFe2+Al)4Be4(PO4)6 6(H2O).(2013) Frost, Ray Leslie; Xi, Yunfei; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto Scholz; Belotti, Fernanda Maria; Menezes Filho, Luiz Alberto DiasZanazziite is the magnesium member of a complex beryllium calcium phosphate mineral group named roscherite. The studied samples were collected from the Ponte do Piaui mine, located in Itinga, Minas Gerais. The mineral was studied by electron microprobe, Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The chemical formula can be expressed as Ca2.00(Mg3.15,Fe0.78,Mn0.16,Zn0.01,Al0.26,Ca0.14)Be4.00(PO4)6.09(OH)4.00_5.69(H2O) and shows an intermediate member of the zanazziite–greinfeinstenite series, with predominance of zanazziite member. The molecular structure of the mineral zanazziite has been determined using a combination of Raman and infrared spectroscopy. A very intense Raman band at 970 cm_1 is assigned to the phosphate symmetric stretching mode whilst the Raman bands at 1007, 1047, 1064 and 1096 cm_1 are attributed to the phosphate antisymmetric stretching mode. The infrared spectrum is broad and the antisymmetric stretching bands are prominent. Raman bands at 559, 568, 589 cm_1 are assigned to the m4 out of plane bending modes of the PO4 and HPO4 units. The observation of multiple bands supports the concept that the symmetry of the phosphate unit in the zanazziite structure is reduced in symmetry. Raman bands at 3437 and 3447 cm_1 are attributed to the OH stretching vibrations; Raman bands at 3098 and 3256 are attributed to water stretching vibrations. The width and complexity of the infrared spectral profile in contrast to the well resolved Raman spectra, proves that the pegmatitic phosphates are better studied with Raman spectroscopy.Item Infrared and Raman spectroscopic characterization of the carbonate mineral weloganite - Sr3Na2Zr(CO3)6 3H2O and in comparison with selected carbonates.(2013) Frost, Ray Leslie; Xi, Yunfei; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto Scholz; Belotti, Fernanda Maria; Cândido Filho, MauroThe mineral weloganite Na2Sr3Zr(CO3)6_3H2O has been studied by using vibrational spectroscopy and a comparison is made with the spectra of weloganite with other carbonate minerals. Weloganite is member of the mckelveyite group that includes donnayite-(Y) and mckelveyite-(Y). The Raman spectrum of weloganite is characterized by an intense band at 1082 cm_1 with shoulder bands at 1061 and 1073 cm_1, attributed to the CO2_ 3 symmetric stretching vibration. The observation of three symmetric stretching vibrations is very unusual. The position of CO2_ 3 symmetric stretching vibration varies with mineral composition. The Raman bands at 1350, 1371, 1385, 1417, 1526, 1546, and 1563 cm_1 are assigned to the m3 (CO3)2_ antisymmetric stretching mode. The observation of additional Raman bands for the m3 modes for weloganite is significant in that it shows distortion of the carbonate anion in the mineral structure. The Raman band observed at 870 cm_1 is assigned to the (CO3)2_ m2 bending mode. Raman bands observed for weloganite at 679, 682, 696, 728, 736, 749, and 762 cm_1 are assigned to the (CO3)2_ m4 bending modes. A comparison of the vibrational spectra is made with that of the rare earth carbonates decrespignyite, bastnasite, hydroxybastnasite, parisite, and northupite.Item Vibrational spectroscopic characterization of the phosphate mineral hureaulite - (Mn, Fe)5(PO4)2(HPO4)2.4(H2O).(2013) Frost, Ray Leslie; Xi, Yunfei; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto Scholz; López, Andrés; Belotti, Fernanda MariaThis research was done on hureaulite samples from the Cigana claim, a lithium bearing pegmatite with triphylite and spodumene. The mine is located in Conselheiro Pena, east of Minas Gerais. Chemical analysis was carried out by Electron Microprobe analysis and indicated a manganese rich phase with partial substitution of iron. The calculated chemical formula of the studied sample is: (Mn3.23, Fe1.04, Ca0.19, Mg0.13)(PO4)2.7(HPO4)2.6(OH)4.78. The Raman spectrum of hureaulite is dominated by an intense Sharp band at 959 cm−1 assigned to PO stretching vibrations of HPO4 2− units. The Raman band at 989 cm−1 is assigned to the PO4 3− stretching vibration. Raman bands at 1007, 1024, 1047, and 1083 cm−1 are attributed to both the HOP and PO antisymmetric stretching vibrations of HPO4 2− and PO4 3− units. A set of Raman bands at 531, 543, 564 and 582 cm−1 are assigned to the _4 bending modes of the HPO4 2− and PO4 3− units. Raman bands observed at 414, and 455 cm−1 are attributed to the _2 HPO4 2− and PO4 3− units. The intense A series of Raman and infrared bands in the OH stretching region are assigned to water stretching vibrations. Based upon the position of these bands hydrogen bond distances are calculated. Hydrogen bond distances are short indicating very strong hydrogen bonding in the hureaulite structure. A combination of Raman and infrared spectroscopy enabled aspects of the molecular structure of the mineral hureaulite to be understood.Item The phosphate mineral sigloite Fe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 7(H2O), an exception to the paragenesis rule - a vibrational spectroscopic study.(2013) Frost, Ray Leslie; Xi, Yunfei; Cipriano, Ricardo Augusto Scholz; Belotti, Fernanda Maria; Cândido Filho, MauroThe secondary phosphate mineral sigloite Fe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3_7H2O is the exception to the rule that phosphate mineral paragenesis is related to the final phase of hydrothermal mineralization at low temperatures. Sigloite was formed as an oxidation pseudomorph after paravauxite, during the last supergene paragenetic stage. We have studied the secondary phosphate mineral sigloite Fe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3_7H2O using vibrational spectroscopic techniques. Because the mineral is a phosphate mineral, it is readily studied by spectroscopic techniques as the phosphate and hydrogen phosphate units are readily measured. Indeed, sigloite shows the presence of both phosphate and hydrogen phosphate units in its structure. Raman bands at 1009 cm_1 with shoulders at 993 and 1039 cm_1 are assigned to stretching vibrations of PO3_ 4 and HPO2_ 4 units. The Raman band at 993 cm_1 is assigned to the m1 symmetric stretching mode of the POH units, whereas the Raman band at 1009 cm_1 is assigned to the m1 PO3_ 4 symmetric stretching mode. Raman bands observed at 506, 528, 571, 596, 619 and 659 cm_1 are attributed to the m4 out of plane bending modes of the PO4 and H2PO4 units. The Raman bands at 2988, 3118 and 3357 cm_1 are assigned to water stretching vibration. The series of bands at 3422, 3449, 3493, 3552 and 3615 cm_1 are assigned to the OH stretching vibrations of the hydroxyl units. The observation of multiple bands gives credence to the non-equivalence of the OH units in the sigloite structure.