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Item Caracterização e análise de sensibilidade dos modelos de mobilidade veicular utilizando quantificadores de teoria da informação.(2020) Silva, Maurício José da; Oliveira, Ricardo Augusto Rabelo; Aquino, André Luiz Lins de; Aquino, André Luiz Lins de; Bianchi, Andrea Gomes Campos; Rosso, Osvaldo Anibal; Correia, Luiz Henrique AndradeNovas propostas de aplicações e protocolos para redes veiculares surgem todos os dias. É crucial avaliar, testar e validar estas propostas em larga escala antes de implantá-las no mundo real. Simulação ´e o método preferido pelos pesquisadores para avaliar suas propostas por permitir avaliações em larga escala e com baixo custo. É conhecido que, em simuladores para redes veiculares, modelos de mobilidade realistas são um requisito para produzir avaliações confiáveis. Porém, os modelos de mobilidade atuais são baseados em modelos aleatórios, normalmente o Random Waypoint, e eles não representam a mobilidade veicular real quando consideramos a variação de velocidade como elemento a ser avaliado. Neste trabalho apresentamos a caracterização global, por dia da semana e por hora do dia, do comportamento veicular utilizando informações de velocidades coletadas em diferentes cenários reais. Para realizar esta caracterização utilizamos a metodologia de Bandt-Pompe aplicada às séries temporais produzidas a partir das velocidades dos veículos. Em seguida, o histograma de probabilidade é atribuído aos seguintes quantificadores de Teoria da Informação: Entropia de Shannon, Complexidade Estatística e Medida de Informação de Fisher. Os resultados mostram que as velocidades veiculares possuem comportamento similar ao ruído colorido com espectro de potência f−k para k ≥ 0. Adicionalmente, utilizando a mesma metodologia, verificamos a fidelidade dos modelos de mobilidade usados nos principais simuladores de redes veiculares. A avaliação revelou que o modelo de Krauss é o modelo que mais se aproxima do comportamento veicular observado nos cenários reais. Em seguida, fizemos a análise de sensibilidade dos parâmetros do modelo de Krauss com o objetivo de identificar os parâmetros que mais influenciam para produzir comportamento correlacionado com o ruído colorido. Observamos que o parâmetro sigma, que utiliza o ruído branco (ruído branco, f−k para k = 0) para modelar o comportamento do motorista, é o que mais influencia no comportamento veicular. Assim, o parâmetro sigma precisa ser modificado para utilizar o ruído colorido f−k para k variando entre 0 < k ≤ 3.Item A proposal to improve wearables development time and performance : software and hardware approaches.(2019) Amorim, Vicente José Peixoto de; Oliveira, Ricardo Augusto Rabelo; Oliveira, Ricardo Augusto Rabelo; Aquino, André Luiz Lins de; Rodrigues, André Miguel; Ramos Filho, Heitor Soares; Martins, Henrique Resende; Nacif, José Augusto Miranda; Silva, Saul Emanuel DelabridaWearable devices are a trending topic in both commercial and academic areas. Increasing demand for innovation has raised the number of research and products, addressing brandnew challenges, and creating profitable opportunities. Current wearable devices can be employed in solving problems in a wide variety of areas. Such coverage generates a relevant number of requirements and variables that influences solutions performance. It is common to build specific wearable versions to fit each targeting application niche, what requires time and resources. Currently, the related literature does not present ways to treat the hardware/software in a generic way enough to allow both parts reuse. This manuscript presents the proposal of two components focused on hardware/software, respectively, allowing the reuse of di↵erent parts of a wearable solution. A platform for wearables development is outlined as a viable way to recycle an existing organization and architecture. The platform use was proven through the creation of a wearable device that was enabled to be used in di↵erent contexts of the mining industry. In the software side, a development and customization tool for specific operating systems is demonstrated. This tool aims not only to reuse standard software components but also to provide improved performance simultaneously. A real prototype was designed and created as a manner to validate the concepts. In the results, the comparison between the operating system generated by the tool versus a conventional operating system allows quantifying the improvement rate. The former operating system showed approximate performance gains of 100% in processing tasks, 150% in memory consumption and I/O operations, and approximately 20% of reduction in energy consumption. In the end, performance analysis allows inferring that the proposals presented here contribute to this area, easing the development and reuse of wearable solutions as a whole.Item Using Blockchain and Low Power in Smart Cities to internet of thigs applications : a Fog Computing approach.(2022) Ferreira, Célio Márcio Soares; Oliveira, Ricardo Augusto Rabelo; Silva, Jorge Sá; Oliveira, Ricardo Augusto Rabelo; Aquino, André Luiz Lins de; Cavalcanti, Carlos Frederico Marcelo da Cunha; Ramos Filho, Heitor Soares; Correia, Luiz Henrique Andrade; Silva, Saul Emanuel Delabrida; Silva, Jorge Miguel SáWith the advent and popularization of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, new possibilities for applications that use data extracted from the things we use in everyday life arise. Cars, wearables, health sensors, and home appliances will generate unprecedented amounts of data and bring insights that will revolutionize our daily routines. A potential scenario significantly impacted is Smart Cities (SC), which uses devices spread out on a large scale in an urban environment to extract traffic, weather, and equipment maintenance data to obtain insights acting on city management and disaster prevention. The network infrastructure currently available for these network applications uses proprietary communication technologies and is dependent on mobile phone companies. Their systems are proprietary, centralized, isolated from other databases, and constantly exposed to Single Point of Failure (SPOF). IoT applications are still primarily embryonic and do not provide reliable verification of the data source at the edge, as in the case of IoT devices, often with outdated firmware. Our work investigates the use in SC of a composition of Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) and the popular Personal Area Networks (PAN), independence of mobile network providers, and Low Power consumption. For this, we used development kits with LoRa and BLE to verify the feasibility and possible problems in this integration, and we evaluated the scalability of LoRa using a simulator. Security gaps in IoT Apps in Smart Cities mainly come from the difficulty of knowing and trusting edge devices. The problem of standardizing and updating these devices during their lifetime justifies our search for using tools that support transparency, scalability, reliability, resilience, and implicit requirements of decentralized Blockchain networks that support Smart Contracts. For this, we present a network architecture using Fog Computing and Smart Contracts Blockchain, which, through API gateways, authorizes and authenticates edge communication from IoT devices previously known by their metadata and firmware. To provide standard and link data from Blockchain with existing Web datasets, we use and add new components to ontologies that model Ethereum entities. This approach allows us to use the semantic web for data consumption and linking, which exposes data from Ethereum networks in soft-realtime through middleware. This work investigates the potential use of Fog Computing in SC in Low Power networks, strategies to identify and authenticate IoT devices at the edges using Blockchain and Smart Contract, and consumption and data link of Blockchain with the current web using the Semantic web. The set of these resources used in Fog computing allows searching for a composition of independent SC network infrastructures, Low Power, with reliable information coming from the edges and integrable with other pre-existing data sets. As the main results, we show the limits of the LoRa network, using a simulator in single-gateway and multi-gateway scenarios. We present scenarios of mixed use of traditional using Blockchain as authentication and validation background, by API gateway in Fog Computing architecture, and we present the times in transactions per second of this approach considering signatures and validation of payloads using Ethereum Blockchain. We present a middleware to expose Ethereum data in soft-realtime using ontologies that model Ethereum in the literature and extended by our EthExtras ontology, providing classes and properties for links and queries.The main advances of this work are the models using the Fog Computing paradigm for Smart Cities, where we present its use as a mixing point of LoRa and BLE and the Blockchain API Gateway to validate data from IoT devices. In addition to our Middleware for extracting and consuming Ethereum data in soft real-time using our EthExtras and EthOn vocabulary.