DEFAR - Artigos publicados em periódicos
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttp://www.hml.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/531
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29 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Coleção de modelos anatômicos do Museu da Pharmacia da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.(2022) Sousa, Luiz Eduardo de; Borges, Ingrid da Silva; Pimenta, Raphael David; Cunha, Thiago Rodrigues Araújo; Farias, Juliana de Paula; Naves, Sarah Meirielle Ferri; Amorim, Kalila Assis; Guimarães, Andrea GrabeA Escola de Farmácia de Ouro Preto, fundada em 1839, foi a primeira da América Latina desvinculada de uma escola de medicina. No final do século XIX, contou com um acervo de modelos anatômicos franceses dos renomados Deyrolle, Dr. Auzoux e Vasseur-Tramod, muitos fabricados em cera ou papel machê. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo resgatar, identificar, higienizar, restaurar e expor os modelos. De unidades acadêmicas da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 17 modelos anatômicos foram resgatados e transferidos para o Museu da Pharmacia, onde receberam o devido tratamento. Os modelos em melhores condições foram expostos no museu formando parte da coleção de ensino do curso de farmácia de Ouro Preto.Item Polyester nanocapsules for intravenous delivery of artemether : formulation development, antimalarial efficacy, and cardioprotective effects in vivo.(2022) Diniz, Alessandra Teixeira Vidal; Guimarães, Homero Nogueira; Garcia, Giani Martins; Braga, Érika Martins; Richard, Sylvain; Guimarães, Andrea Grabe; Mosqueira, Vanessa Carla FurtadoArtemether (ATM) is an effective antimalarial drug that also has a short half-life in the blood. Furthermore, ATM is also cardiotoxic and is associated with pro-arrhythmogenic risks. We aimed to develop a delivery system enabling the prolonged release of ATM into the blood coupled with reduced cardiotoxicity. To achieve this, we prepared polymeric nanocapsules (NCs) from different biodegradable polyesters, namely poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA), poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), and surface-modified NCs, using a monomethoxi-polyethylene glycol-block-poly(D,L-lactide) (PEG5kDa- PLA45kDa) polymer. Using this approach, we were able to encapsulate high yields of ATM (>85%, 0–4 mg/mL) within the oily core of the NCs. The PCL-NCs exhibited the highest percentage of ATM loading as well as a slow release rate. Atomic force microscopy showed nanometric and spherical particles with a narrow size dispersion. We used the PCL NCs loaded with ATM for biological evaluation following IV administration. As with free-ATM, the ATM-PCL-NCs formulation exhibited potent antimalarial efficacy using either the “Four-day test” protocol (ATM total at the end of the 4 daily doses: 40 and 80 mg/kg) in Swiss mice infected with P. berghei or a single low dose (20 mg/kg) of ATM in mice with higher parasitemia (15%). In healthy rats, IV administration of single doses of free-ATM (40 or 80 mg/kg) prolonged cardiac QT and QTc intervals and induced both bradycardia and hypotension. Repeated IV administration of free-ATM (four IV doses at 20 mg/kg every 12 h for 48 h) also prolonged the QT and QTc intervals but, paradoxically, induced tachycardia and hypertension. Remarkably, the incorporation of ATM in ATM-PCL-NCs reduced all adverse effects. In conclusion, the encapsulation of ATM in biodegradable polyester NCs reduces its cardiovascular toxicity without affecting its antimalarial efficacy.Item Immune response in acute respiratory syndrome induced by the new coronavirus.(2021) Paula Júnior, Waldemar de; Freitas, Carina Silva de; Lima Neto, Francisco Ferreira de; Santana, Nathália Alves; Soares, Nathália Zenaide Durães; Fonseca, Vitória Louise Mendes; Nascimento, Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo do; Guimarães, Andrea GrabeCoronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the family Coronaviridae, which are enveloped and have a single-stranded RNA genome. The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is the seventh known coronavirus that can infect humans and cause serious illness, such as acute respiratory syndrome. The coronaviruses already identified have contributed to the understanding of the clinical manifestations caused by SARS- CoV-2, as well as their associations with the immune system. The aim of the present study was to carry out a narrative review of the literature on the host’s immune response to infection by the new coronavirus. The review contains basic and summarized information on the main mechanisms involved in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. The characteristics of the infection were considered according to the following: from the initial contact with the host through binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2); the recognition of the pathogen by innate immunity cells; its containment mechanisms, including the production of effector cytokines and chemokines important in the development of the inflammatory process; and the participation of the complement system until the activation of the adaptive immune response. The probable occurrence of a host dysfunctional immune response and the escape mechanisms of the virus were also addressed. Despite numerous studies on the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, knowledge about the host’s immune response in COVID-19 is not fully understood. The present work established the relationship between the new coronavirus and the immune system, but further studies are needed for all the mechanisms of the process to be elucidated.Item COVID-19 in medium-sized municipalities in the 14 health macro-regions of Minas Gerais, Brazil.(2021) Paula Júnior, Waldemar de; Nascimento, Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo do; Matiles, R.S.; Lima Neto, Francisco Ferreira de; Leles, Michel C. R.; Guimarães, H. N.; Guimarães, Andrea GrabeThe present study focused on the scenario of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil, from March 2020 to March 2021. We evaluated the evolution of COVID-19 prevalence and death in one municipality from each of the 14 health macro-regions of MG state. Socio-demographic characteristics and variables related to the municipalities were analyzed. The raw dataset used in this study was freely sourced from the website Brasil.io. From the raw dataset, two time series were extracted: the cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 and cumulative death counts, and they were compared to the state data using a nowcasting approach. In order to make time series comparisons possible, all data was normalized per 100,000 inhabitants. When analyzing in light of colored wave code interventions initiated in August 2020 in MG, for the majority of the municipalities, there was an absence of clear influence on prevalence and deaths. The national holidays in the first semester of 2020 had a small impact on the COVID-19 prevalence of the municipalities, but the holidays in the second semester of 2020 and beginning of 2021 caused important impacts on COVID-19 prevalence. The low number of ICU beds in some municipalities contributed to the higher number of deaths. The analysis showed here is expected to contribute to the improvement of decision making of the MG government, as it opened a huge possibility to have the total macro-regions and state data analyzed.Item História em quadrinhos como ferramenta para o ensino e aprendizagem sobre o novo coronavírus.(2021) Paula Júnior, Waldemar de; Lima Neto, Francisco Ferreira de; Soares, Nathália Zenaide Durães; Fonseca, Vitória Louise Mendes; Nascimento, Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo do; Guimarães, Andrea GrabeO objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma história em quadrinhos, exemplo de metodologia ativa de ensino, relacionando sistema imunológico e o novo coronavírus, para potencializar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Possui, ainda, a finalidade de levar o leitor ao aprendizado científico e ao conhecimento de mundo, para que ele reflita em novas perspectivas. Foi elaborada uma história em quadrinhos (HQ) simulando a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 em um organismo humano. Foram enumerados os constituintes do sistema imunológico (macrófago, linfócito B, linfócito T citotóxico, linfócito T helper, célula natural killer, célula dendrítica, neutrófilo, eosinófilo, basófilo, IgA, IgG, IgM, citocinas e sistema complemento) capazes de atuar nessa infecção. As respostas imunológicas e os mecanismos de ação dos componentes do sistema imunológico foram relacionados com a infecção provocada pelo novo coronavírus. Foi utilizada uma linguagem acessível a pessoas de todas as idades e diferentes graus de instrução. A HQ produzida pode representar resultado positivo no aprendizado do conteúdo de imunologia associado ao novo coronavírus ou potencializar informações já adquiridas. Para os autores, foram observadas habilidades como iniciativa, trabalho em equipe, além da capacidade de comunicação e de síntese. O presente trabalho pode ser utilizado associado a outras metodologias ativas de aprendizagem e, sobretudo, servir de inspiração para que novas abordagens educacionais sobre o novo coronavírus sejam criadas.Item Spironolactone and eplerenone are cardioprotective during early phase of ischemia in rats submitted to acute coronary occlusion.(2022) Amancio, Gabriela de Cássia Sousa; Hermidorff, Milla Marques; Alvarenga, Ana Cláudia; Lima, Wanderson Geraldo de; Guimarães, Homero Nogueira; Rodrigues, Henrique Resende; Silva, Emília Calil; Assis, Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de; Guimarães, Andrea Grabe; Isoldi, Mauro CésarIntroduction: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are effective in reducing left ventricle remodeling and sudden death after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Objectives: MRAs in vitro display cardioprotective effects, independent of MR; however, it is unknown whether the rapid effects of MRAs are cardioprotective in vivo. This study evaluated the acute effects of spironolactone and eplerenone in the first minutes of AMI. Methods: Wistar Rats, submitted or not to bilateral adrenalectomy, were treated orally with spironolactone (20 mg/kg) or eplerenone (10 mg/kg), and submitted to the left coronary ligation, under anesthesia. Electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings were obtained to evaluate ST-T segment, QT, and QTc intervals. Arterial pressure was also measured before (baseline) and after coronary ligation. Results: Spironolactone or eplerenone given, one hour before coronary ligation, prevented ST- T segment elevation in adrenalectomized and non-adrenalectomized. QT interval analysis showed that MRAs prevented its prolongation after coronary ligation. QT and QTc intervals remained similar to baseline and were smaller than the values displayed by the non-treated group. Animals treated with spironolactone, regardless of adrenalectomy, showed a 3-fold reduced mortality rates compared to the control group. Conclusion: MRAs display acute cardioprotective effects in early phase of AMI, which are independent of aldosterone.Item Caspofungin effects on electrocardiogram of mice : an evaluation of cardiac safety.(2021) Paula, Danielle Cristiane Correa de; Leite, Elaine Amaral; Araújo, Carolina Morais; Branquinho, Renata Tupinambá; Guimarães, Homero Nogueira; Guimarães, Andrea GrabeCaspofungin is an echinocandin, exhibiting efcacy against most Candida species invasive infection. Its cardiotoxicity was reported in isolated rat heart and ventricular myocytes, but in vivo and clinical studies are insufcient. Our objective was to evaluate caspofungin in vivo cardiac efects using an efcacious dose against Candida albicans. Female Swiss mice were infected with C. albicans, and treated with caspofungin, 5 or 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal along 5 days. Survival rate and colony forming units (CFU) into vital organs were determined. For cardiac efects study, mice were treated with caspofungin 10 mg/ kg, and electrocardiogram (ECG) signal was obtained on C. albicans-infected mice, single dose-treated, and uninfected mice treated along 5 days, both groups to measure ECG intervals. Besides, ECG was also obtained by telemetry on uninfected mice to evaluate heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. The MIC for caspofungin on the wild-type C. albicans SC5314 strain was 0.3 μg/ml, indicating the susceptible. Survival rate increased signifcantly in infected mice treated with caspo fungin compared to mice treated with vehicle. None of the survived infected mice presented positive CFU after treatment with 10 mg/kg. C. albicans infection induced prolongation of QRS, QT, and QTc intervals; caspofungin did not alter this efect. Caspofungin induced increase of PR and an additional increase of QRS after 24 h of a single dose in infected mice. No signifcant alterations occurred in ECG intervals and HRV parameters of uninfected mice, after caspofungin treatment. Caspofungin showed in vivo cardiac relative safety maintaining its antifungal efcacy against C. albicans.Item Physical exercise combined with antihypertensive drug therapy on left ventricular hypertrophy : systematic review and meta-analysis.(2020) Castro, Quênia Janaína Tomaz de; Tomaz, Flávia Sílvia Corrêa; Watai, Patrícia Yoshie; Guimarães, Andrea GrabeIntroduction Physical exercise and antihypertensive drugs contribute to reduce or prevent hypertensive heart disease (HHD). The efect on blood pressure (BP) of both combined therapy is well documented, but not for the left ventricular (LV) function. Aim A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted for LV biomarkers analysis regarding to HHD on subjects treated with antihypertensive drugs combined with physical exercise practice. Methods The search was conducted on the Pubmed, Bireme, Lilacs, Central (Cochrane) and Science direct databases, comprising undetermined period of time, including randomized studies comparing trained and sedentary subjects, both treated with antihypertensive drugs. We analyzed the infuence of combined therapy on echocardiogram parameters and BP. A signifcance level of 5% and 95% CI was considered for all outcomes. Results Five studies (N = 1738) were included in meta-analysis. Combined therapy decreased signifcantly LV mass (CI − 21.63 to − 1.81, N = 783) and heart rate (HR; CI − 4.23 to − 1.59, N = 1738), compared to antihypertensive drugs alone. There was a trend to decrease LV mass index (LVMI; CI − 5.57 to 0.71, N = 1674), systolic BP (CI − 2.47 to 1.23, N = 1674) and diastolic BP (CI − 2.16 to 0.28, N = 1674), a trend to increase of ejection fraction (EF; 95% CI − 0.50 to 2.12, N = 783) and LV end-diastolic diameter (CI − 0.85 to 0.92, N = 847) was similar. Conclusion The antihypertensive therapy combined with physical exercise practice can reduce LV mass and HR. Therefore, combined therapy prescription should be considered for prevention and treatment of LV hypertrophy of hypertensive subjects.Item Not everything is condemned by COVID-19.(2020) Paula Júnior, Waldemar de; Lima Neto, Francisco F. de; Guimarães, Andrea GrabeAbstract: The increase in the number of studies related to the health of university students has attracted attention at the time of COVID-19. This initiative contributes to preparing the school environment for the return of face-to-face activities with conducts that minimize the damage caused by the pandemic. The role of each actor in the educational scenario is fundamental for us to be able to reap good fruits after this storm.Item Aspectos farmacológicos da ivermectina e seu potencial uso no tratamento da COVID-19.(2020) Pedroso, Luana Amaral; Binda, Nancy Scardua; Teixeira, Mônica Cristina; Guimarães, Andrea GrabeA ivermectina é um fármaco antiparasitário de amplo espectro largamente utilizado em medicina humana e veterinária. É o medicamento de escolha para tratamento da oncocercose, além de ser aprovada para o tratamento de filariose linfática, estrongiloidíase, ascaridíase, escabiose e pediculose. Estudos avaliam a capacidade antitumoral, antibacteriana e antiviral da ivermectina, além de seus benefícios no tratamento de doenças metabólicas. Atualmente o grande interesse global em relação à ivermectina recai sobre o seu potencial no tratamento da COVID-19. Neste estudo foram descritos os aspectos gerais sobre a farmacologia, as características físico-químicas, os protocolos de tratamento, os aspectos de segurança e a toxicologia da ivermectina, bem como as propriedades que poderiam corroborar ou não com seu uso no tratamento da COVID-19. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa baseada em publicações da base de dados Pubmed utilizando descritores como ivermectin, pharmacology, therapeutic use, saffety, toxicity e Covid-19. Observou-se que além da ampla indicação terapêutica, a ivermectina possui um extenso uso off-label. De modo geral, considera-se que a atividade antiviral da ivermectina seja devido à sua capacidade em estimular a resposta imune do paciente e em inibir a replicação viral. Todavia, a sua segurança terapêutica para a prevenção e tratamento da COVID-19 ainda não foi determinada, visto que as concentrações efetivas encontradas nos estudos in vitro indicam o uso de concentrações superiores àquelas aprovadas para humanos e os efeitos adversos podem ser potencializados. Até o momento não existem protocolos de tratamento com esse medicamento para a COVID-19 e a ANVISA apoia o uso da ivermectina apenas para indicações terapêuticas previamente registradas.
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