Navegando por Assunto "Aging"

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Condition-adapted stress and longevity gene regulation by Caenorhabditis elegans SKN.
(2009) Oliveira, Riva de Paula; Abate, Jess Porter; Dilks, Kieran; Landis, Jessica; Ashraf, Jasmine; Murphy, Coleen T.; Blackwell, T. Keith
Studies in model organisms have identified regulatory processes that profoundly influence aging, many of which modulate resistance against environmental or metabolic stresses. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the transcription regulator SKN-1 is important for oxidative stress resistance and acts in multiple longevity pathways. SKN-1 is the ortholog of mammalian Nrf proteins, which induce Phase 2 detoxification genes in response to stress. Phase 2 enzymes defend against oxygen radicals and conjugate electrophiles that are produced by Phase 1 detoxification enzymes, which metabolize lipophilic compounds. Here, we have used expression profiling to identify genes and processes that are regulated by SKN-1 under normal and stress–response conditions. Under nonstressed conditions SKN-1 upregulates numerous genes involved in detoxification, cellular repair, and other functions, and downregulates a set of genes that reduce stress resistance and lifespan. Many of these genes appear to be direct SKN-1 targets, based upon presence of predicted SKN-binding sites in their promoters. The metalloid sodium arsenite induces skn-1-dependent activation of certain detoxification gene groups, including some that were not SKN-1- upregulated under normal conditions. An organic peroxide also triggers induction of a discrete Phase 2 gene set, but additionally stimulates a broad SKN-1-independent response. We conclude that under normal conditions SKN-1 has a wide range of functions in detoxification and other processes, including modulating mechanisms that reduce lifespan. In response to stress, SKN-1 and other regulators tailor transcription programs to meet the challenge at hand. Our findings reveal striking complexity in SKN-1 functions and the regulation of systemic detoxification defenses.
Effects of different strength training protocols on sarcopenia influencing parameters in older adults : a systematic review.
(2022) Registre, Farah; Lopes, Lilian Maria Peixoto; Souza, Perciliany Martins de; Becker, Lenice Kappes; Borba, Diego de Alcantara; Ferreira Júnior, João Batista; Oliveira, Emerson Cruz de; Coelho, Daniel Barbosa
Introduction: Sarcopenia is characterized by the reduction of skeletal muscle mass and its functionality. Several of the parameters that influence sarcopenia are modified by strength training. Objective: To review the effects of different strength training protocols (frequency, duration, and intensity) on parameters that influence sarcopenia. Methods: This is a systematic review of original, quantitative, observational studies, published between 2010 in 2020, in English, Spanish and Portuguese, and indexed in the SciELO, PubMed, and CAPES databases. The terms used search were: “muscle strenght” (“força muscular”, “fuerza muscular”), “sarcopenia” (“sarcopenia”), “aging” (“envelhecimento”, “envejecimiento”), “olders” (“idosos”, “ancianos”), “strength training” (“treinamento de força/resistência”, “entrenamiento de fuerza”). 215 articles were retrieved and 11 met the inclusion criteria, being included in the review. Results: Among the 11 studies analyzed, it is observed that strength training applied in different protocols was efficient in improving parameters such as muscle mass and strength, body balance, and performance in diagnostic tests of sarcopenia. Conclusion: This review highlights the benefits of the practice of strength exercise in different protocols on parameters that influence the onset of sarcopenia in older adults. The exercise of strength is presented as an applicable, practical, and non-pharmacological means of preventing sarcopenia.
Health related quality of life among elderly living in region of high vulnerability for health in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
(2016) Camelo, Lidyane do Valle; Gonçalves, Luana Giatti; Barreto, Sandhi Maria
Objetivo: Investigar se as relações sociais, juntamente com características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e condições de saúde estão associados à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) em idosos residentes em região considerada de alta vulnerabilidade para a saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com amostra aleatória de 366 idosos (≥ 60 anos) adscritos a um centro de saúde de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. A QVRS foi aferida pelo Medical Outcomes Study 12‑Item Short‑Form Health Survey (SF‑12) e os escores obtidos nos componentes físico (PCS) e mental (MCS) foram utilizados como variáveis resposta. As variáveis explicativas foram divididas em quatro blocos: sociodemográfico, relações sociais, hábitos de vida e condições de saúde. Modelos de regressão linear múltipla foram utilizados. Resultados: Nos modelos multivariados finais, encontramos que elevado número de diagnósticos de doenças crônicas e ter estado acamado nos últimos 15 dias foram variáveis associadas à pior QVRS no domínio físico e mental. Entretanto, ausência de escolaridade, insatisfação com relacionamentos pessoais e não ter sempre que necessário o apoio de alguém para ajudar a ficar de cama, ir ao médico e preparar refeições foi associado à pior QVRS apenas no MCS. Ter declarado cor da pele preta, ausência de atividade de trabalho, não praticar atividade física, não consumir álcool e internação nos últimos 12 meses estiveram associados à pior QVRS apenas no PCS. Conclusão: Além da adversidade social, hábitos de vida e condições de saúde, alguns aspectos funcionais das relações sociais foram importantes para compreensão da QVRS em idosos em vulnerabilidade social.
Influence of aging time at 850°C on microstructure and corrosion resistance of a cold rolled 2205 duplex stainless steel.
(2023) Assumpção, Raphael França; Monteiro, Jessica Caetano Fortes; Campideli, Victor Cardoso; Santos, Dagoberto Brandão; Sicupira, Dalila Chaves
The effect of aging time at 850°C for 300 s, 600 s, 1800 s, and 84600 s on the microstructural evolution and corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) was studied after cold rolling up to 60% of reduction. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy were used for microstructural characterization. The corrosion behavior was studied by cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) and electrochemical impedance technique (EIS) in 3.5% NaCl solution and the susceptibility to sensitization was investigated through the double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (DL-EPR) test in 0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.1 M NaCl + 0.002 M KSCN solution. After cold working, increasing aging time led to an increase in sigma phase precipitation and a decrease in pitting corrosion resistance. However, the ultrafine microstructure had a beneficial influence on the self-healing effect in Cr and Mo depleted areas with the increasing of aging time, resulting in higher passivation ability. The DSS 2205 type was not susceptible to intergranular corrosion for the aged conditions applied.
Patterns of abuse of elderly people in Brazil : analysis of notifications.
(2023) Andrade, Fabiana Martins Dias de; Machado, Ísis Eloah; Freitas, Maria Imaculada de Fátima; Souza, Maria de Fátima Marinho de; Malta, Deborah Carvalho
This study aimed to describe the characteristics of elderly people abuse notifications by gender and to assess notification patterns according to gender. We analyzed data from the Brazilian Information System for Notificable Diseases (SINAN) in 2017. We carried out a descriptive analysis of victim characteristics, violence, and the probable perpetrator according to gender. Pearson’s χ2 test was used to assess the significance between groups. Then, we verified the main relationships between the studied characteristics and the victim’s gender by simple correspondence analysis (SCA). Thus, 17,311 cases/suspicions of elderly people abuse were notified, corresponding to 7.2% of the total number of violence notifications. Of these victims, 50.4% were white, 42.3% were married, and 17.2% had a disability/disorder; 76.9% occurred at home, 62.8% included physical violence, and 49.5% were cases of repeated violence. Most perpetrators were men (62%), and violence by two or more perpetrators was observed in 62.8% of the cases. SCA evidenced inequalities in older adults’ gender, which proved to be higher among women. Physical violence was the most common among younger and old individuals, whereas neglect/abandonment tended to occur more frequently among the oldest individuals, and was most often committed by daughters. In sum, this study demonstrated evidence of gender-based violence, especially among older adults. Disability proved to be an essential characteristic for neglect/abandonment in older adults. In this context, policies are needed to reduce gender inequalities and implement a care network for older adults who are victims of violence.
Use of diuretics is associated with higher risk of sarcopenia in older adults with hypertension.
(2022) Martins Junior, Francisco de Assis Dias; Mateo, Dahany Pamela Acta; Silva, Fábio Junior de Miranda; Moura, Samara Silva de; Oliveira, Emerson Cruz; Coelho, Daniel Barbosa; Bearzoti, Eduardo; Pinto, Kelerson Mauro de Castro; Oliveira, Lenice Kappes Becker
Background: Sarcopenia is a disease that involves skeletal muscle mass loss and is highly prevalent in the older adult population. Moreover, the incidence of sarcopenia is increased in patients with hypertension. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the association between the classes of the drugs used for arterial hypertension treatment and the presence or absence of sarcopenia. Methods: 129 older adults with hypertension were evaluated by the researchers who registered the participants medication for arterial hypertension treatment. Sarcopenia level was measured by anthropometric parameters, muscular strength, and functional capacity. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc test and Fisher’s exact test; statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: Age was not different between women with different levels of sarcopenia, but significant differences were observed between men with absent sarcopenia (66.8±4.2 years) and men with probable sarcopenia (77.0±10.2 years). Individuals with absent sarcopenia showed higher handgrip strength (men: 33.8±7.4, women: 23.2±4.6 Kgf) in comparison with those with sarcopenia (men with probable sarcopenia: 9.5±3.3 Kgf, women with probable, confirmed, and severe sarcopenia: 11.7±2.5, 12.2±3.0, 11.8±1.8 Kgf, respectively). The analysis showed an association between the type of medication and degree of sarcopenia; diuretics were significantly associated with probable sarcopenia, and angiotensin II receptor blockers (alone or in combination with diuretics) was associated with absence of sarcopenia. Conclusions: In conclusion, handgrip strength was a good method to diagnose sarcopenia, and diuretics were associated with increased risk of sarcopenia in older adults with hypertension.