Navegando por Autor "Silva, Emanueli do Nascimento da"
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Item Bioaccessibility of some minerals in infant formulas.(2022) Moraes, Maria Rosa de; Silva, Emanueli do Nascimento da; Sanches, Vitor Lacerda; Cadore, Solange; Godoy, Helena TeixeiraTo guarantee the adequate intake of nutrients a variety of food supplementation (including infant formu- las) has been used to ensure the nutrition of infants. Con- sidering that the total concentration of nutrients is not enough to determine whether the food provides all the nutritional needs, the objective of this study was to eval- uate the total concentration and bioaccessibility of some elements in thirty commercial infant formulas consumed in Brazil. A standardized in vitro gastrointestinal digestion method was used to obtain the soluble fraction of each mineral, which was analyzed by ICP OES after microwave oxidative digestion to obtain the bioaccessibility values. The total concentration and the bioaccessibility of the elements varied considerably according to the sample type (traditional infant formulas, formulas for infants with gastrointestinal problems, formulas for premature and soy- based). The bioaccessibility values are 3–43% (Ca), 53–97% (Cu), 35–100% (Fe), 70–114% (K), 47–90% (Mg), 52–95% (P), 31–92% (Zn). In general, the total concentration values for the elements were higher than that declared by the manufacturers, also than the current leg- islation as well, regarding the DRI. Although these results, it is important to emphasize that the consumption of infant formulas can provide an adequate intake of minerals for the infants.Item Bioavailability assessment of copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc from selenium-enriched lettuce.(2019) Silva, Emanueli do Nascimento da; Cadore, SolangeCu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Selenium (Se), and Zn bioavailability from selenate- and selenite-enriched lettuce plants was studied by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion followed by an assay with Caco-2 cells. The plants were cultivated in the absence and presence of two concentrations (25 and 40 μmol/L of Se). After 28 days of cultivation, the plants were harvested, dried, and evaluated regarding the total concentration, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of the analytes. The results showed that biofortification with selenate leads to higher Se absorption by the plant than biofortification with selenite. For the other nutrients, Mo showed high accumulation in the plants of selenate assays, and the presence of any Se species led to a reduction of the plant uptake of Cu and Fe. The accumulation of Zn and Mn was not strongly influenced by the presence of any Se species. The bioaccessibility values were approximately 71%, 10%, 52%, 84%, 71%, and 86% for Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn, respectively, and the contribution of the biofortified lettuce to the ingestion of these minerals is very small (except for Se and Mo). Due to the low concentrations of elements from digested plants, it was not possible to estimate the bioavailability for some elements, and for Mo and Zn, the values are below 6.9% and 3.4% of the total concentration, respectively. For Se, the bioavailability was greater for selenite-enriched than selenate-enriched plants (22% and 6.0%, respectively), because selenite is biotransformed by the plant to organic forms that are better assimilated by the cells.Item Characterization of the bioaccessibility of minerals from commercial breakfast cereals by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES).(2021) Souza, Alexander Ossanes de; Silva, Emanueli do Nascimento da; Pereira, Camila Corrêa; Cadore, Solange; Ribeiro, Anderson Schwingel; Vieira, Mariana AntunesTraditional chocolate and whole-meal flour breakfast cereals were analyzed to determine the total concentrations and bioaccessibilities of some elements. For the total concentration, the samples were pre- pared by microwave digestion. In addition, certified reference materi- als were used to verify the accuracy of the method, which was 82–106% for the analytes. Great variation in the concentrations was observed, possibly due to the raw materials used to produce the cereals. For the bioaccessibility study, an in vitro digestion method was used, and the accuracy was verified by the addition and recov- ery method. Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn had detectable bioaccessibilities from 37% to 47%, 1% to 41%, 8% to 61%, and 4% to 24% of the total concentrations, respectively. Aluminum, Ba, and Mo had con- centrations below the limit of quantification. Therefore, breakfast cereals complement a healthy diet, since some essential elements have high bioaccessibilities.Item Desenvolvimento de material compósito a partir de nanocelulose e biomassa de eucalipto como alternativa para tratamento de efluente proveniente do processo Kraft.(2023) Martins, Dhenife Iara; Silva, Emanueli do Nascimento da; Pasquini, Daniel; Silva, Emanueli do Nascimento da; Pasquini, Daniel; Lino, Alessandro Guarino; Aquino, Sergio Francisco deO processo de produção de celulose mais difundido no Brasil e no mundo é o Kraft. Trata-se de um processo predominantemente químico. Neste, a madeira é digerida com o licor de cozimento, do qual os principais constituintes são NaOH e Na2S. Os efluentes gerados nesse tipo de processo contêm grande quantidade de lignina, substância que afeta o processo de produção, bem como o tratamento do efluente. O tratamento de efluente amplamente empregado no setor é constituído de uma etapa física e uma etapa biológica, as quais têm finalidade de remover os contaminantes e a matéria orgânica gerados no processo, para que o efluente possa ser despejado no corpo hídrico. No entanto, apesar de tais etapas garantirem que os parâmetros de qualidade estejam dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação, a cor escura do efluente não é removida e a maior parte das indústrias não fecham seus circuitos hídricos reutilizando a água do sistema. Por isso, tendo em vista que os processos de separação por membranas e de adsorção têm ganhado destaque no cenário de tratamento de efluentes, este trabalho visou o desenvolvimento de um material compósito capaz de remover a cor do efluente, bem como melhorar outras das suas características. Para produção do material, foram utilizados biomassa de eucalipto, polpa celulósica e nanocelulose. Para avaliar as condições de preparo do material, empregou-se um planejamento experimental multivariado do tipo estrela, variando a quantidade de biomassa de eucalipto (nível zero: 0,18 g) e de polpa celulósica (nível zero: 0,225 g). O material obtido foi caracterizado por meio de análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espessura, porosidade e área superficial. Para avaliação do material como adsorvente, um planejamento experimental multivariado do tipo composto central a dois níveis teve como objetivo definir a influência dos fatores pH (nível zero: 4,93), quantidade de adsorvente (nível zero: 1 g) e tempo (nível zero: 60 min) na resposta da capacidade de adsorção. Por fim, o desempenho do material foi testado como membrana e como material adsorvente, visando a remoção de cor e de demanda química de oxigênio. As membranas tiveram fluxo permeado interessante quando comparado aos de outros trabalhos na literatura, chegando a 2307 L/h.m2 para a membrana do ensaio 5 e 1963 L/h.m2 para a membrana do ponto central (MPC), sendo que as membranas MPC e dos ensaios 1, 2 e 3 se destacaram na remoção de cor de um efluente ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free), removendo 35, 32,3, 29,3 e 28,5%, respectivamente. Contudo, para um efluente TCF (Totally Chlorine Free), a MPC não apresentou similar porcentagem de remoção de cor. Para os estudos de adsorção, foram escolhidas as membranas do ponto central - preparadas com 1,5 g de nanocelulose seca, 0,18 g de biomassa de eucalipto e 0,225 g de polpa celulósica - que foram reduzidas em pedaços menores para serem empregadas como material adsorvente. Os resultados evidenciaram a majoritária influência do pH (3,93) na remoção de cor, gerando novas observações a respeito das características do efluente Kraft. Contudo, o material não apresentou um desempenho satisfatório como adsorvente, sendo o desempenho avaliado pelas isotermas de adsorção.Item Determination of total silicon and SiO2 particles using an ICP-MS based analytical platform for toxicokinetic studies of synthetic amorphous sílica.(2020) Aureli, Federica; Ciprotti, Maria; D’Amato, Marilena; Silva, Emanueli do Nascimento da; Nisi, Stefano; Passeri, Daniele; Sorbo, Angela; Raggi, Andrea; Rossi, Marco; Cubadda, FrancescoSynthetic amorphous silica (SAS), manufactured in pyrogenic or precipitated form, is a nanomaterial with a widespread use as food additive (E 551). Oral exposure to SAS results from its use in food and dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals and toothpaste. Recent evidence suggests that oral exposure to SAS may pose health risks and highlights the need to address the toxic potential of SAS as affected by the physicochemical characteristics of the different forms of SAS. For this aim, investigating SAS toxicokinetics is of crucial importance and an analytical strategy for such an undertaking is presented. The minimization of silicon background in tissues, control of contamination (including silicon release from equipment), high-throughput sample treatment, elimination of spectral interferences affecting inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) silicon detection, and development of analytical quality control tools are the cornerstones of this strategy. A validated method combining sample digestion with silicon determination by reaction cell ICP-MS is presented. Silica particles are converted to soluble silicon by microwave dissolution with mixtures of HNO3, H2O2 and hydrofluoric acid (HF), whereas interference-free ICP-MS detection of total silicon is achieved by ion-molecule chemistry with limits of detection (LoDs) in the range 0.2–0.5 μg Si g−1 for most tissues. Deposition of particulate SiO2 in tissues is assessed by single particle ICP-MS.Item Essential inorganic ions in milk-based drinks : evaluation of bioaccessibility.(2018) Cidade, Mirla Janaína Augusta; Cadore, Solange; Silva, Emanueli do Nascimento daThe determination of the bioaccessible fractions of Co, Cu, Mo, Mn, Fe, Zn, Mg and Ca in milk-based drinks (dairy beverages) was carried out using in vitro digestion and quantification by ICP OES. Microwave assisted mineralization was used for sample preparation and the method allowed recoveries between 90 - 110% for all the elements, considering three different levels of analytes addition, with relative standard deviations (RSD) below 10%. The total concentration of Ca determined by the present method was in good agreement with the value declared by the manufacturer while Co was the only element that was below the limit of quantification (LOQ). The bioaccessible fractions for Ca and Mg were approximately 100% while for Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe the bioaccessibility values were 56, 48, 46, and 29%, respectively, and for Co and Mo the values were below the LOQ. Additionally, it was noticed that the bioaccessibility of these elements may vary according to the sample composition.Item Formulations with microencapsulated Fe–peptides improve in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability.(2022) Gaigher, Bruna; Silva, Emanueli do Nascimento da; Sanches, Vitor Lacerda; Milani, Raquel Fernanda; Galland, Fabiana; Cadore, Solange; Grancieri, Mariana; Pacheco, Maria Teresa BertoldoThe bioaccessibility and the bioavailability of iron complexed to peptides (active) in microparticles forms con- tained in dry beverages formulations were evaluated. The peptide-iron complexes microparticles were obtained by spray drying and added in three dry formulations (tangerine, strawberry, and chocolate flavors). The peptides isolated by iron ion affinity (IMAC-Fe III) had their biological activity predicted by BIOPEP® database and were evaluated by molecular coupling. The bioaccessibility was evaluated by solubility and dialysability and the bioavalability was assessed by Caco-2 cellular model. The proportion 10:1 of peptide-iron complexes presented higher rates of bioaccessibility (49%) and bioavailability (56%). The microparticle with peptide-iron complex showed greater solubility after digestion (39.1%), bioaccessibility (19.8%), and bioavailability (34.8%) than the ferrous sulfate salt (control) for the three assays (10.2%; 12.9%; 9.7%, respectively). Tangerine and strawberry formulations contributed to the iron absorption according to the results of bioaccessibility (36.2%, 30.0% respectively) and bioavailability (80.5%, 84.1%, respectively). The results showed that iron peptide complexa- tion and microencapsulation process improve the bioaccessibility and bioavailability when incorporated into formulations.Item In vitro and in vivo acute toxicity of a novel citrate-coated magnetite nanoparticle.(2022) Rocha, José Marcos Vieira; Souza, Valeria Barbosa de; Panunto, Patricia Costa; Nicolosi, Jacqueline Spacagna; Silva, Emanueli do Nascimento da; Cadore, Solange; Londono, Oscar Moscoso; Muraca, Diego; Tancredi, Pablo; Brot, Marina de; Nadruz, Wilson; Ruiz, Ana Lucia Tasca Gois; Knobel, Marcelo; Schenka, André AlmeidaMagnetic nanoparticles (MNps) have become powerful tools for multiple biomedical applications such as hyperthermia drivers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) vectors, as well as drug-delivery systems. However, their toxic effects on human health have not yet been fully elucidated, especially in view of their great diversity of surface modifications and functionalizations. Citrate-coating of MNps often results in increased hydrophilicity, which may positively impact their performance as drug-delivery systems. Nonetheless, the consequences on the intrinsic toxicity of such MNps are unpredictable. Herein, novel magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles covered with citrate were synthesized and their potential intrinsic acute toxic effects were investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. The proposed synthetic pathway turned out to be simple, quick, inexpensive, and reproducible. Concerning toxicity risk assessment, these citrate-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONps) did not affect the in vitro viability of different cell lines (HaCaT and HepG2). Moreover, the in vivo acute dose assay (OECD test guideline #425) showed no alterations in clinical parameters, relevant biochemical variables, or morphological aspects of vital organs (such as brain, liver, lung and kidney). Iron concentrations were slightly increased in the liver, as shown by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Perls Prussian Blue Staining assays, but this finding was considered non-adverse, given the absence of accompanying functional/clinical repercussions. In conclusion, this study reports on the development of a simple, fast and reproducible method to obtain citrate-coated IONps with promising safety features, which may be used as a drug nanodelivery system in the short run.Item Thiol-antioxidants interfere with assessing silver nanoparticle cytotoxicity.(2020) Ferreira, Luiz Alberto Bandeira; Reis, Samara Bonesso dos; Silva, Emanueli do Nascimento da; Cadore, Solange; Bernardes, Juliana da Silva; Durán, Nelson; Jesus, Marcelo Bispo deMany studies have shown that silver nanoparticles (AgNP) induce oxidative stress, and it is commonly assumed that this is the main mechanism of AgNP cytotoxicity. Most of these studies rely on antioxidants to establish this cause-and-effect relationship; nevertheless, details on how these antioxidants interact with the AgNP are often overlooked. This work aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the use of antioxidants with AgNP nanoparticles. Thus, we studied the molecular interaction between the thiol-antioxidants (N-acetyl-L-Cysteine, L- Cysteine, and glutathione) or non-thiol-antioxidants (Trolox) with chemically and biologically synthesized AgNP. Both antioxidants could mitigate ROS production in Huh-7 hepatocarcinoma cells, but only thiol-antioxidants could prevent the cytotoxic effect, directly binding to the AgNP leading to aggregation. Our findings show that data interpretation might not be straightforward when using thiol-antioxidants to study the interactions between metallic nanoparticles and cells. This artifact exemplifies potential pitfalls that could hinder the progress of nanotechnology and the understanding of the nanotoxicity mechanism.Item Uso de estatística multivariada para a avaliação da qualidade do xarope de açúcar bruto usado no preparo de refrigerantes.(2022) Mapero, Monteiro Carlos Monteiro; Silva, Gilmare Antônia da; Silva, Emanueli do Nascimento da; Lobo, Fabiana Aparecida; Silva, Gilmare Antônia da; Silva, Emanueli do Nascimento da; Lobo, Fabiana Aparecida; Mendes, Louise Aparecida; Valderrama, PatríciaEsse trabalho propôs o estudo do xarope simples do açúcar usado na produção de refrigerantes com vista a avaliar a sua qualidade. Para garantir o produto dentro das especificações de qualidade exigidas faz-se tratamentos físicos e químicos, com o objetivo de se obter um xarope límpido e incolor. Dentre as várias técnicas de remoção dos compostos que conferem cor e turbidez ao xarope, as indústrias de refrigerantes optam pela utilização de resinas de troca-iônica. Outro parâmetro determinante para a qualidade do xarope gerado são as cinzas condutimétricas que são componentes minerais, constituídos principalmente de Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, e Zn, bem como traços de F, I, além de outros elementos e estão presentes no açúcar bruto. A determinação destes componentes em açúcar por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma acoplado indutivamente (ICP OES) aplicando ferramentas multivariadas são escassas e/ou incompletas até o presente momento. Assim, neste trabalho foi feito um planejamento experimental composto central esférico com o objetivo de obter a condição mais adequada para a digestão úmida, em sistemas abertos, para esse tipo de amostra, investigando-se quatro variáveis: massa de açúcar, volume de ácido nítrico 50% (V V-1 ), temperatura e tempo. Excetuando o volume de ácido, as demais variáveis foram significativas à digestão. Foi possível construir um modelo quadrático por regressão linear múltipla (p = 0,0000026). A condição ótima de digestão foi 25 mL de ácido nítrico 50%; 1,5000 g de massa de açúcar; 80 oC e 50 min. Antes do emprego do planejamento experimental foram feitos testes preliminares que geraram depósitos de carbono em compartimentos do instrumento. Portanto, fez-se a análise de carbono orgânico total para investigar a carga orgânica residual nas amostras digeridas de acordo com a abordagem multivariada. A otimização do processo de digestão ácida possibilitou a caracterização elementar do açúcar cristal por ICP OES sem comprometer o funcionamento do instrumento, aumentando a detectabilidade das espécies de interesse. Para a continuidade da investigação proposta, a indústria de refrigerantes parceira do projeto cedeu cento e noventa amostras entre açúcar cristal e refinado, nas quais foi feita a varredura espectral na região do ultravioleta, além dos parâmetros de qualidade cor e turbidez ICUMSA (International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis), filtrabilidade e floco alcóolico. Embora a indústria proceda análises de qualidade pré-uso e tenha considerado as amostras fornecidas com padrão adequado para a linha de produção, a análise das componentes principais dos parâmetros de qualidade e dos perfis espectrais UV mostrou que há diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as amostras de açúcar cristal e refinado, principalmente devido aos parâmetros cor e filtrabilidade, o que certamente impacta as resinas de forma diferenciada comprometendo a vida útil. Com base nos resultados obtidos verifica-se a necessidade de continuidade dos estudos, a fim de prever a potencialidade de comprometimento das resinas utilizadas para a purificação do xarope simples.