Navegando por Autor "Oliveira, Jade de"
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Item Avaliação in vitro e in vivo da capacidade antioxidante da isobenzofuran-1(3H)-ona no desequilíbrio redox induzido por diquat no cérebro de ratos Wistar.(2022) Ribeiro, Iara Mariana Léllis; Nogueira, Katiane de Oliveira Pinto Coelho; Oliveira, Laser Antônio Machado de; Nogueira, Katiane de Oliveira Pinto Coelho; Menezes, Cristiane Alves da Silva; Oliveira, Jade de; Engel, Daiane FátimaO sistema nervoso é uma rede complexa de células especializadas que transmitem sinais por diferentes partes do corpo para comunicação e controle de funções como emoções, pensamento, comportamento e memória. O alto consumo de oxigênio, níveis antioxidantes relativamente baixos e pouca capacidade regenerativa fazem com que o tecido cerebral seja especialmente suscetível a danos oxidativos e, consequentemente, à neurodegeneração. O diquat (DQ), um herbicida amplamente utilizado na agricultura, é um exemplo de estressor exógeno capaz de sobrecarregar o sistema antioxidante desencadeando danos oxidativos em órgão como o cérebro, fígado e rins. Uma alternativa para a manutenção da homeostase redox diante de agentes estressantes é a utilização de compostos que reparem e substituam biomoléculas oxidadas. Dentro deste contexto, um derivado de isobenzofuran-1(3H)-ona (composto 1) foi avaliado in vitro e in vivo, quanto ao seu poder antioxidante sobre o desequilíbrio redox induzido por DQ. Nos ensaios in vitro, realizados em culturas primárias de neurônios hipocampais, foram avaliados o metabolismo celular, os níveis intracelulares de EROs e os níveis de peroxidação lipídica. Nos estudos in vivo foram realizados, teste bioquímicos, avaliação morfológica do hipocampo e avaliação comportamental de ratos Wistar submetidos ao tratamento com o composto 1 e expostos ao DQ. Os resultados dos testes in vitro mostraram que o tratamento com o composto 1 diminuiu os níveis intracelulares de EROs e a peroxidação lipídica dos neurônios expostos DQ. Nos resultados in vivo, as análises enzimáticas mostraram uma redução significativa da atividade da superóxido dismutase no grupo exposto ao DQ com ou sem tratamento com o composto 1 e um aumento nos níveis da glutationa reduzida no grupo tratado com o composto 1 e exposto ao DQ, o tratamento com o composto 1 também gerou diminuição nos níveis de peroxidação lipídica e proteínas carboniladas no cérebro dos animais expostos ao DQ. A análise morfológica do hipocampo dos ratos expostos ao DQ mostrou aumentos no número neurônios lesionados. O tratamento com o composto 1 reduziu os neurônios lesionados nas regiões CA1 e giro denteado. No teste comportamental observou-se que os animais tratados ou não com o composto 1 e expostos ao DQ apresentaram redução da capacidade locomotora no teste de campo aberto e o tratamento com o composto 1 isoladamente mostrou indicativo de ação ansiolítica. Concluímos, que a exposição ao DQ afeta a homeostase redox, causando danos às células e tecidos analisados, no entanto, esses danos podem ser amenizados pelas propriedades antioxidantes do composto 1.Item High cholesterol diet exacerbates blood-brain barrier disruption in LDLr–/– mice : impact on cognitive function.(2020) Oliveira, Jade de; Engel, Daiane Fátima; Paula, Gabriela Cristina de; Godoi, Danúbia Bonfanti dos Santos de; Lopes, Jadna Bogado; Farina, Marcelo; Moreira, Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar; Bem, Andreza Fabro deBackground: Evidence has revealed an association between familial hypercholesterolemia and cognitive impairment. In this regard, a connection between cognitive deficits and hippocampal blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown was found in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice (LDLr–/–), a mouse model of familial hypercholesterolemia. Objective: Herein we investigated the impact of a hypercholesterolemic diet on cognition and BBB function in C57BL/6 wild-type and LDLr–/– mice. Methods: Animals were fed with normal or high cholesterol diets for 30 days. Thus, wild-type and LDLr–/– mice were submitted to memory paradigms. Additionally, BBB integrity was evaluated in the mice’s prefrontal cortices and hippocampi. Results: A tenfold elevation in plasma cholesterol levels of LDLr–/– mice was observed after a hypercholesterolemic diet, while in wild-type mice, the hypercholesterolemic diet exposure increased plasma cholesterol levels only moderately and did not induce cognitive impairment. LDLr–/– mice presented memory impairment regardless of the diet. We observed BBB disruption as an increased permeability to sodium fluorescein in the prefrontal cortices and hippocampi and a decrease on hippocampal claudin-5 and occludin mRNA levels in both wild-type and LDLr–/– mice treated with a hypercholesterolemic diet. The LDLr–/– mice fed with a regular diet already presented BBB dysfunction. The BBB-increased leakage in the hippocampi of LDLr–/– mice was related to high microvessel content and intense astrogliosis, which did not occur in the control mice. Conclusion: Therefore, LDLr–/– mice seem to be more susceptible to cognitive impairments and BBB damage induced by exposure to a high cholesterol diet. Finally, BBB disruption appears to be a relevant event in hypercholesterolemia-induced brain alterations.Item High fat diet-induced obesity causes a reduction in brain tyrosine hydroxylase levels and non-motor features in rats through metabolic dysfunction, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.(2020) Bittencourt, Aline; Brum, Pedro Ozorio; Ribeiro, Camila Tiefensee; Gasparotto, Juciano; Bortolin, Rafael Calixto; Vargas, Amanda Rodrigues de; Heimfarth, Luana; Almeida, Roberto Farina de; Moreira, José Claudio Fonseca; Oliveira, Jade de; Gelain, Daniel PensObesity is a health problem that has been associated with neuroinflammation, decreased cognitive functions and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative condition characterized by motor and non-motor abnormalities, increased brain inflammation, α-synuclein protein aggregation and dopaminergic neuron loss that is associated with decreased levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the brain. Diet-induced obesity is a global epidemic and its role as a risk factor for PD is not clear. Herein, we showed that 25 weeks on a high-fat diet (HFD) promotes significant alterations in the nigrostriatal axis of Wistar rats. Obesity induced by HFD exposure caused a reduction in TH levels and increased TH phosphorylation at serine 40 in the ventral tegmental area. These effects were associated with insulin resistance, increased tumor necrosis factor-α levels, oxidative stress, astrogliosis and microglia activation. No difference was detected in the levels of α-synuclein. Obesity also induced impairment of locomotor activity, total mobility and anxiety-related behaviors that were identified in the open-field and light/dark tasks. There were no changes in motor coordination or memory. Together, these data suggest that the reduction of TH levels in the nigrostriatal axis occurs through an α-synuclein-independent pathway and can be attributed to brain inflammation, oxidative/nitrosative stress and metabolic disorders induced by obesity.Item Hippocampal function is impaired by a short-term high-fat diet in mice : increased blood–brain barrier permeability and neuroinflammation as triggering events.(2021) Paula, Gabriela Cristina de; Brunetta, Henver Simionato; Engel, Daiane Fátima; Gaspar, Joana Margarida Navalho; Velloso, Licio Augusto; Engblom, David; Oliveira, Jade de; Bem, Andreza Fabro deWorldwide, and especially in Western civilizations, most of the staple diets contain high amounts of fat and refined carbohydrates, leading to an increasing number of obese individuals. In addition to inducing metabolic disorders, energy dense food intake has been suggested to impair brain functions such as cognition and mood control. Here we demonstrate an impaired memory function already 3 days after the start of a high-fat diet (HFD) exposure, and depressive-like behavior, in the tail suspension test, after 5 days. These changes were followed by reduced synaptic density, changes in mitochondrial function and astrocyte activation in the hippocampus. Preceding or coinciding with the behavioral changes, we found an induction of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and an increased permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), in the hippocampus. Finally, in mice treated with a TNF-α inhibitor, the behavioral and BBB alterations caused by HFD-feeding were mitigated suggesting that inflammatory signaling was critical for the changes. In summary, our findings suggest that HFD rapidly triggers hippocampal dysfunction associated with BBB disruption and neuroinflammation, promoting a progressive breakdown of synaptic and metabolic function. In addition to elucidating the link between diet and cognitive function, our results might be relevant for the comprehension of the neurodegenerative process.