Navegando por Autor "Hoff, Inge"
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Item Air pollution perception in ten countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.(2022) Lou, Baowen; Barbieri, Diego Maria; Passavanti, Marco; Hui, Cang; Gupta, Akshay; Hoff, Inge; Lessa, Daniela Antunes; Sikka, Gaurav; Chang, Kevin; Fang, Kevin; Lam, Louisa; Maharaj, Brij; Ghasemi, Navid; Qiao, Yaning; Adomako, Solomon; Mirhosseini, Ali Foroutan; Naik, Bhaven; Banerjee, Arunabha; Wang, Fusong; Tucker, Andrew; Liu, Zhuangzhuang; Wijayaratna, Kasun; Naseri, Sahra; Yu, Lei; Chen, Hao; Shu, Benan; Goswami, Shubham; Peprah, Prince; Hessami, Amir; Abbas, Montasir; Agarwal, NithinAs largely documented in the literature, the stark restrictions enforced worldwide in 2020 to curb the COVID-19 pandemic also curtailed the production of air pollutants to some extent. This study investigates the perception of the air pollution as assessed by individuals located in ten countries: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the USA. The perceptions towards air quality were evaluated by employing an online survey administered in May 2020. Participants (N = 9394) in the ten countries expressed their opinions according to a Likert-scale response. A reduction in pollutant concentration was clearly perceived, albeit to a different extent, by all populations. The survey participants located in India and Italy perceived the largest drop in the air pollution concentration; conversely, the smallest variation was perceived among Chinese and Norwegian respondents. Among all the demographic indicators considered, only gender proved to be statistically significant.Item Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility in ten countries and associated perceived risk for all transport modes.(2021) Barbieri, Diego Maria; Lou, Baowen; Passavanti, Marco; Hui, Cang; Hoff, Inge; Lessa, Daniela Antunes; Sikka, Gaurav; Chang, Kevin; Gupta, Akshay; Fang, Kevin; Banerjee, Arunabha; Maharaj, Brij; Lam, Louisa; Ghasemi, Navid; Naik, Bhaven; Wang, Fusong; Mirhosseini, Ali Foroutan; Naseri, Sahra; Liu, Zhuangzhuang; Qiao, Yaning; Tucker, Andrew; Wijayaratna, Kasun; Peprah, Prince; Adomako, Solomon; Yu, Lei; Goswami, Shubham; Chen, Hao; Shu, Benan; Hessami, Amir; Abbas, Montasir; Agarwal, Nithin; Rashidi, Taha HosseinThe restrictive measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have trig- gered sudden massive changes to travel behaviors of people all around the world. This study examines the individual mobility patterns for all transport modes (walk, bicycle, motor- cycle, car driven alone, car driven in company, bus, subway, tram, train, airplane) before and during the restrictions adopted in ten countries on six continents: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the United States. This cross- country study also aims at understanding the predictors of protective behaviors related to the transport sector and COVID-19. Findings hinge upon an online survey conducted in May 2020 (N = 9,394). The empirical results quantify tremendous disruptions for both commuting and non-commuting travels, highlighting substantial reductions in the frequency of all types of trips and use of all modes. In terms of potential virus spread, airplanes and buses are per- ceived to be the riskiest transport modes, while avoidance of public transport is consistently found across the countries. According to the Protection Motivation Theory, the study sheds new light on the fact that two indicators, namely income inequality, expressed as Gini index, and the reported number of deaths due to COVID-19 per 100,000 inhabitants, aggravate respondents’ perceptions. This research indicates that socio-economic inequality and mor- bidity are not only related to actual health risks, as well documented in the relevant literature, but also to the perceived risks. These findings document the global impact of the COVID-19 crisis as well as provide guidance for transportation practitioners in developing future strategies.