Navegando por Autor "Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson Afonso"
Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 32
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
Item Are gall midge species (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) host-plant specialists?(2009) Carneiro, Marco Antonio Alves; Branco, Cristina Silva Alves; Braga, Carlos Eduardo Duarte; Almada, Emmanuel Duarte; Costa, Marina Batista Morais; Maia, Valéria Cid; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson AfonsoEspécies de moscas galhadoras (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) são especialistas em plantas hospedeiras? Apesar do elevado número de espécies da fauna de insetos indutores de galhas na região Neotropical, muito pouco espécies foram descritas. Por outro lado, o morfotipo da galha associado com a espécie da planta hospedeira é em todo o mundo amplamente utilizado como um indicador da espécie de inseto indutor. Este estudo revê as espécies de cecidommídeos descritos e suas galhas para verificar a generalização do uso da morfologia da galha como indicador da espécie de cecidomíideo na fauna brasileira. Nós compilamos dados biológicos e taxonômicos de 196 espécies de cecidomiídeos em 128 espécies de plantas no Brasil. Noventa e dois porcento destas espécies foram monófagas, induzindo galhas em uma única espécie de planta hospedeira, enquanto somente 5,6% das espécies foram oligófagas, induzindo galhas em mais de uma espécie de planta do mesmo gênero. Somente quatro espécies induzem galhas em espécies de plantas de gêneros diferentes. Nós concluímos que o morfo-tipo da galha associado com a espécie da planta hospedeira e com o órgão atacado são indicadores confiáveis da espécie de insetos indutores de galhas.Item Biodiversity and ecosystem services in the campo rupestre : a road map for the sustainability of the hottest Brazilian biodiversity hotspot.(2020) Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson Afonso; Garcia, Lucas Arantes; Silva Júnior, Milton Barbosa da; Barbosa, Newton Pimentel de Ulhôa; Batista, Eugênia Kelly Luciano; Silva, Wallace Beiroz Imbrosio da; Resende, Fernando de Moura; Abrahão, Anna; Almada, Emmanuel Duarte; Alves, Elaine; Alves, Natacha Jordania da Silva; Angrisano, Patrícia; Arista, Montserrat; Arroyo, Juan; Arruda, André Jardim; Bahia, Thaíse de Oliveira; Braga, Laura; Brito, Lilian de Almeida; Pereira, Marcos Callisto de Faria; Paiva, Dario Caminha; Carvalho, Marilia; Conceição, Abel Augusto; Costa, Lêda Naiara Pereira; Cruz, Antônio Jorge do Rosário; Blum, Jessica Cunha; Dagevos, John; Dias, Braulio Ferreira de Souza; Pinto, Victor Diniz; Dirzo, Rodolfo; Domingos, Daniel Quedes; Andrade, Livia Echternacht; Fernandes, Stephannie; Figueira, José Eugênio Côrtes; Fiorini, Cecília Fonseca; Giulietti, Ana Maria; Gomes, Augusto; Gomes, Vanessa Matos; Gontijo, Bernardo Machado; Goulart, Fernando Figueiredo; Guerra, Tadeu José de Abreu; Junqueira, Patrícia A.; Santos, Débora Lima; Nascimento, Julia Marques; Meira Neto, João Augusto Alves; Miola, Deise T. B.; Morellato, Leonor Patricia Cerdeira; Negreiros, Daniel; Paula, Elizabeth Neire da Silva Oliveira de; Neves, Ana Carolina; Neves, Frederico de Siqueira; Novais, Samuel Matos Antunes de; Oki, Yumi; Oliveira, Elizabeth; Oliveira, Rafael Silva; Pivari, Marco Otávio Dias; Pontes Junior, Euripedes; Ranieri, Bernardo Dourado; Ribas, Rodrigo Pinheiro; Scariot, Aldicir Osni; Schaefer, Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud; Sena, Letícia; Silva, Pedro Giovâni da; Siqueira, Paulo Ricardo; Soares, Natalia Costa; Soares Filho, Britaldo Silveira; Solar, Ricardo Ribeiro de Castro; Tabarelli, Marcelo; Vasconcellos, Rogério Pinto; Vilela, Evaldo Ferreira; Silveira, Fernando Augusto de Oliveira eGlobal sustainability rests on a myriad of benefits provided by natural ecosystems that support human livelihoods and well-being, from biodiversity persistence to climate regulation. The undeniable importance of conserving tropical forests has drawn most of the conservation spotlight towards it. However, open ecosystems such as the Brazilian Campo Rupestre (rupestrian grassland), have been historically overlooked despite their high diversity and key associated ecosystem services. We highlight major current threats to the persistence of the Campo Rupestre emphasizing its ecological, social, cultural, geoenvironmental, and economic importance. We call attention to the importance of the Campo Rupestre as a reservoir of biodiversity and ecosystem services and offer priority actions that resulted from discussions involving scientists, industry representatives, environmental managers, and other members of civil society. Proposed actions include efforts related to ecological restoration, sustainable ecotourism, protection of traditional ecological knowledge, identification of emerging research questions, and development of tailored public policies. Such issues are integrated into a framework that collectively represents a road map to safeguard the Campo Rupestre from further degradation and steer its historical overexploitation towards sustainable management. Safeguarding the future of non-forest biomes like this poses a challenge to current paradigms of nature conservation. By establishing priorities and guidelines, we propose an actionable plan, which we hope can support informed decision-making policy towards a sustainable use of the Campo Rupestre.Item Convergence in the variation of local and regional galling species richness.(2005) Carneiro, Marco Antonio Alves; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson Afonso; Souza, Og Francisco Fonseca deForam investigados os determinantes locais e regionais da riqueza de insetos indutores de galhas sobre o arbusto dióico Baccharis concinna Barroso (Asteraceae) na porção sudeste da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. O número total de espécies de insetos indutores de galhas e a riqueza de Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) foram influenciados pelo sexo da planta. Plantas masculinas apresentaram maior riqueza de insetos indutores de galhas do que plantas femininas, corroborando a hipótese da herbivoria mediada pelo sexo na comunidade. O número total de espécies de insetos galhadores e a riqueza de Cecidomyiídeos mostraram um pico em altitudes intermediárias. A riqueza de todas as espécies de insetos galhadores e de cecidomiideos foi fortemente influenciada pelo habitat. Plantas no habitat xérico apresentaram mais espécies de insetos galhadores do que plantas no habitat mésico, corroborando a hipótese do estresse higrotérmico/nutricional. Os resultados indicam que os fatores locais podem ser importantes estruturadores da comundade de insetos galhadores em B. concinna.Item Deep into the mud : ecological and socio-economic impacts of the dam breach in Mariana, Brazil.(2016) Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson Afonso; Goulart, Fernando F.; Ranieri, Bernardo Dourado; Coelho, Marcel Serra; Dales, Kirsten; Boesche, Nina; Bustamante, Mercedes Maria da Cunha; Carvalho, Felipe A.; Carvalho, Daniel Cardoso de; Dirzo, Rodolfo; Fernandes, Stephannie; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; Garcia Millan, Virginia Elena; Mielke, Christian; Ramirez Malaver, Jorge Luis; Neves, Ana; Rogass, Christian; Ribeiro, Sérvio Pontes; Scariot, Aldicir; Soares Filho, BritaldoWe review the ecological and socio-economic impacts ofthe catastrophic dam failure in Mariana, Brazil. Tailing management practices by Samarco mining company ultimately caused a dam breach that abruptly discharged between 55 and 62millionm3 of tailings into the Doce River watershed. On November 5th, 2015, a tsunami of slurry engulfed the small district of Bento Rodrigues, loading the Doce River and its estuary with toxic tailings along a 663.2 km trajectory, extending impacts to the Atlantic coast. Acute ecological impacts will adversely affect livelihoods of more than 1 million people in 41 riparian municipalities by reducing local access to fisheries resources, clean water, crop production sites, hydroelectric power generation and raw materials. The threats to riverine human communities are particularly critical for the disadvantaged populations from remote areas that rely on subsistence agriculture and fisheries, and are uniquely vulnerable to long-term heavy metal exposure. At the landscape scale, we predict multiple negative impacts, ranging from alterations of the genetic diversity of fish populations to long-term vegetation loss and poor regeneration in contaminated areas. Consequently, compromised soil stability and runoff control will increase the risk of further geomorphologic disturbance, including landslides, bank failure and mass movements. We propose spatially explicit long-term monitoring frameworks and priority mitigation measures to cope with acute and chronic risks. We posit that, from a national perspective, disastrous impacts like that of Doce River may become more frequent, given the recent regulatory changes that undermine both institutional governance structures and enforcement of environmental regulation.Item Distribution and morphology of insect galls of the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil.(2001) Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson Afonso; Julião, Genimar Rebouças; Araújo, Raquel Costa; Araújo, Simone Costa; Lombardi, Júlio Antônio; Negreiros, Daniel; Carneiro, Marco Antonio AlvesItem Distribution of non-native invasive species and soil properties in proximity to paved roads and unpaved roads in a quartzitic mountainous grassland of southeastern Brazil (rupestrian fields).(2010) Barbosa, Newton Pimentel de Ulhôa; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson Afonso; Carneiro, Marco Antonio Alves; Júnior, Lélis Antonio CarlosOne of the most important disturbances of roads is the facilitation of the increase of non-native invasive species into adjacent plant communities. The rupestrian fields of Serra do Cipo´, a montane grassland ecosystem in southeastern Brazil, are recognized for their enormous richness of species and endemism rates. The presence of non-native invasive species in this ecosystem could threaten the existence of the native flora and its associated organisms. The aim of this study is to understand how non-native invasive species and native species are distributed along paved and unpaved roads, in a montaneous grassland ecosystem such as the Brazilian rupestrian fields. The two road surfaces provide differing gradients from their edges with respect to nutrients, soil chemical aspects and plant species diversity. High content of calcium at the roadside in the paved road resulted from the paving process, in which limestone gravel is used in one of the several paving phases. In these newly created habitats the toxicity of aluminum is drastically reduced and nutrient enriched, hence representing favorable sites from where non-native invasive species are capable to colonize and grow for undetermined period waiting the chance to invade the adjacent pristine habitats. Disturbances provoked by any natural or humancaused event can provide the opportunity for the nonnative invasive species to colonize new plant communities.Item Distribution of the assemblage of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) along an environmental gradient.(2017) Itabaiana, Yasmine Antonini; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson Afonso; Barata, Ricardo AndradeThe geographical distribution of leishmaniasis has undoubtedly expanded, and is now being reported to be in areas that were previously non-endemic. This study therefore aimed to investigate whether there is any variation in the structure and in the composition of phlebotomine communities along an environmental gradient - from a mesic to a xeric environment, across different climatic periods (rainy and dry seasons). Furthermore, we test whether there were differences in sex ratio of sand flies between wet and dry environments. A total of 535 specimens of sand flies belonging to 18 species were recorded. Richness, abundance, and composition of species were significatively higher in the xeric environment (semidecidual Forest) compared to the mesic environment (Riparina Forest). We unveiled site specific differences in sand fly collections since the community composition changes with the geographic distance among the sampling points. These results led to the conclusion that for sand flies species, the environmental conditions available for each species could be different within the habitat taking into account the degree of humidity in the forest as well as the climatic season (dry or wet). The present study gives a valuable contribution to the knowledge of sand flies, as a group of insects, from the Atlantic Forest biome.Item A diversidade padronizada.(1998) Carneiro, Marco Antonio Alves; Souza, Og Francisco Fonseca de; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson Afonso; Lara, Angela C. F.Item Ecology and evolution of plant diversity in the endangered campo rupestre : a neglected conservation priority.(2016) Silveira, Fernando Augusto de Oliveira e; Negreiros, Daniel; Barbosa, Newton Pimentel de Ulhôa; Buisson, Elise; Carmo, Flávio Fonseca do; Carstensen, Daniel Wisbech; Conceição, Abel Augusto; Cornelissen, Tatiana Garabini; Andrade, Livia Echternacht; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson Afonso; Garcia, Queila de Souza; Guerra, Tadeu José de Abreu; Jacobi, Cláudia Maria; Lemos Filho, José Pires de; Stradic, Soizig Le; Morellato, Leonor Patricia Cerdeira; Neves, Frederico de Siqueira; Oliveira, Rafael Silva; Schaefer, Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud; Viana, Pedro Lage; Lambers, HansBackground Botanists, ecologists and evolutionary biologists are familiar with the astonishing species richness and endemism of the fynbos of the Cape Floristic Region and the ancient and unique flora of the kwongkan of south-western Australia. These regions represent old climatically-buffered infertile landscapes (OCBILs) that are the basis of a general hypothesis to explain their richness and endemism. However, few ecologists are familiar with the campo rupestre of central and eastern Brazil, an extremely old mountaintop ecosystem that is both a museum of ancient lineages and a cradle of continuing diversification of endemic lineages.Item Efeitos do sexo, do vigor e do tamanho da planta hospedeira sobre a distribuição de insetos indutores de galhas em Baccharis pseudomyriocephala Teodoro (Asteraceae).(2003) Araújo, Ana Paula Albano; Carneiro, Marco Antonio Alves; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson AfonsoEffects of gender, vigor and size of the host plant Baccharis pseudomyriocephala Teodoro (Asteraceae) on gallinducing insect distribution. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the patterns of host plant utilization by herbivorous insects in natural communities. We tested four hypotheses aiming to understand the pattern of attack by gallinducing insects on the dioecious shrub, Baccharis pseudomyriocephala (Asteraceae). The shrub occurs in the Parque Estadual do Itacolomi, Southeastern Brazil, and supports ten species of galling insects. The following hypotheses were tested: i) male plants are more attacked by galling insects than female plants; ii) larger plant modules are preferentially attacked by galling insects; iii) galling insects perform better on larger modules than on smaller modules; iv) galling insects increase in abundance with meristematic availability. To address these questions, 240 plants (120 of each sex) were sampled in both reproductive and vegetative periods. We recorded the growth rate (4 cm), inflorescence and fruit production, attack rates of the galling insects, and their survivorship and mortality per shoot (module). Modules were separated into size classes (cm) and analyzed by regressions and ANCOVAs. Module size and reproductive effort were positively correlated with host plant size. We did not observe any effect of host plant gender on either variables. In the same way, host plant sex did not show any influence on the abundance and richness of galling insects. Although the abundance of galling insects showed a positive correlation with shoot size, the trend disappeared when the analyses were performed taking into consideration the number of galls per unit of growth (number of galls/cm of shoot) or biomass (number of galls/dry weight). Larval survivorship was not influenced by shoot size. Also, we observed that the abundance of one species of hemipteran galling insect showed a positive relation with leaf biomass. Therefore, we conclude that gender and vigor of this plant species do not influence the community structure of its galling herbivores.Item Ethical abuses in the authorship of scientific papers.(2007) Carneiro, Marco Antonio Alves; Cangussú, Silvia Dantas; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson AfonsoImposturas na Autoria de Artigos Científicos. Problemas relacionados a determinação de autoria de trabalhos científicos são freqüentes. Estes problemas vêm se agravando em decorrência da supervalorização do número de publicações no mundo acadêmico, uma vez que, a publicação de artigos científicos tornou-se uma referência de sucesso em um campo com poucas oportunidades de trabalho. Este artigo revê os abusos na autoria de artigos científicos. Diferentes exemplos são citados dos problemas mais comuns e recomendações básicas são feitas para autores e editores.Item Florística e caracterização de uma área de campo ferruginoso no complexo minerário alegria, serra de Antônio Pereira, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil.(2011) Ataíde, Eduardo Silva; Castro, Paulo de Tarso Amorim; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson AfonsoEste estudo apresenta o inventário florístico de uma área de campo ferruginoso localizada na Serra de Antônio Pereira, na região Sul-Sudeste do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, no município de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. Para a coleta de dados foram demarcadas 15 unidades amostrais de 10 x 10 m em cada tipologia física de substrato estudado: a canga couraçada e o afloramento de Itabirito. Todas as unidades amostrais ocupavam um mesmo perfil de inclinação com azimute NE. As campanhas de campo estenderam-se de março de 2007 a outubro de 2008 e foram realizadas, em média, semanalmente. Nas coletas, restringiram-se apenas as espécies fanerógamas encontradas dentro das unidades amostrais e nas áreas de entorno. Foram inventariadas 182 espécies reunidas em 47 famílias, sendo 102 espécies dentro das unidades amostrais e 80 nas áreas de entorno. As famílias com maior riqueza de espécies nas unidades amostrais foram: Asteraceae (14 spp), Poaceae e Orchidaceae (8 spp cada), Fabaceae e Melastomataceae (7 spp cada), Myrtaceae e Verbenaceae (6 spp cada) e Cyperaceae, Lauraceae, Rubiaceae e Euphorbiaceae (4 spp cada). Os ambientes estudados - canga couraçada e afloramento de Itabirito - apresentaram-se similares.Item Free-feeding insect herbivores along environmental gradients in Serra do Cipó : basis for a management plan.(1998) Ribeiro, Sérvio Pontes; Carneiro, Marco Antonio Alves; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson AfonsoThe distribution of free-feeding insect herbivores in Brazilian savanna was studied in the National Park of Serra do Cipó. Insect samples were obtained with sweep nets across cerrado (savanna), rupestrian field and altitudinal grassland vegetation from 800 to 1500 m above sea level. We found a low species richness in xeric and mesic habitats during both wet and dry seasons. Sapsucking insects were the most abundant guild (53.4%) with Cicadellidae the most abundant family (27.2%). The hypothesis that taxon richness of free-feeding insects decreases with increasing altitude was supported in xeric habitats during the wet season only, mainly as a function of mountain summit effect. There was a decrease of 65% in the number of families occurring at 1400 and 1500 m compared with lower elevations. The exclusion of sites of rupestrian vegetation at mid-elevations from the analysis increased significantly the proportion of variance explained by the model. An examination of taxon distribution using canonical variate analysis supported this result. The hypothesis that mesic habitats are richer in species of free-feeding insect herbivores than are xeric habitats was not supported. The data indicate that plant sclerophylly may exert a strong negative influence on insect species richness, and that variation due to particular characteristics of each site strongly affected the studied guilds. The present results should inform conservation strategies for the National Park Management Plan, which is currently being developed.Item From Spanish Flu to Syndemic COVID-19 : long- standing sanitarian vulnerability of Manaus, warnings from the Brazilian rainforest gateway.(2021) Ribeiro, Sérvio Pontes; Reis, Alexandre Barbosa; Cruz, Wesley Francisco Dáttilo da; Silva, Alcides Volpato Carneiro de Castro e; Barbosa, Eduardo Augusto Gonçalves; Vital, Wendel Coura; Góes Neto, Aristóteles; Azevedo, Vasco Ariston de Carvalho; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson AfonsoA second deadlier wave of COVID-19 and the causes of the recent public health collapse of Manaus are compared with the Spanish fl u events in that city, and Brazil. Historic sanitarian problems, and its hub position in the Brazilian airway network are combined drivers of deadly events related to COVID-19. These drivers were amplifi ed by misleading governance, highly transmissible variants, and relaxation of social distancing. Several of these same factors may also have contributed to the dramatically severe outbreak of H1N1 in 1918, which caused the death of 10% of the population in seven months. We modelled Manaus parameters for the present pandemic and confi rmed that lack of a proper social distancing might select the most transmissible variants. We succeeded to reproduce a fi rst severe wave followed by a second stronger wave. The model also predicted that outbreaks may last for up to fi ve and half years, slowing down gradually before the disease disappear. We validated the model by adjusting it to the Spanish Flu data for the city, and confi rmed the pattern experienced by that time, of a fi rst stronger wave in October-November 1918, followed by a second less intense wave in February-March 1919.Item Gall inducing arthropods from a seasonally dry tropical forest in Serra do Cipó, Brazil.(2009) Coelho, Marcel Serra; Almada, Emmanuel Duarte; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson Afonso; Carneiro, Marco Antonio Alves; Santos, Rubens M. dos; Quintino, André V.; Sanchez Azofeifa, ArturoArtrópodes indutores de galhas em Floresta Sazonal Tropical Seca da Serra do Cipó, Brasil. Artrópodes indutores de galhas são muito ricos em espécies nas formações vegetais no sudeste do Brasil. Três fragmentos de Floresta Sazonal Tropical Seca (FSTS) foram selecionados nas montanhas do sudeste da cadeia do Espinhaço para a primeira pesquisa de organismos indutores de galhas nesse tipo de vegetação. Encontramos 92 morfotipos distintos de galhas em vários órgãos de 51 espécies de plantas hospedeiras pertencentes à 19 famílias. A maioria das galhas (77%) foi induzida pela família Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). A folha foi o órgão mais atacado (63%), enquanto o morfotipo mais comum foi a forma esférica (30%). As espécies hospedeiras que apresentaram um maior número de morfotipos de galhas foram Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae) e Celtis brasiliensis (Cannabaceae), cada uma com cinco morfotipos de galha. Este é o primeiro estudo com galhas induzidas por artrópodes em áreas FSTS no Brasil. Dada a intensa pressão antrópica nas áreas de FSTS, a alta riqueza encontrada nesse estudo de artrópodes indutores de galhas aponta a necessidade de um maior esforço para se compreender a diversidade desses ecossistemas.Item Gall-inducing insect species richness as indicators of forest age and health.(2010) Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson Afonso; Almada, Emmanuel Duarte; Carneiro, Marco Antonio AlvesThe changes in the plant community that occur during the process of succession affect the availability of resources for the community of herbivores. In this study, the richness of galling insects was evaluated in restored stands of Amazonian tropical rain forest of several ages (0Ð21 yr), as well as in areas of primary forest in Brazil. The richness of gallers increased with the age of the restored stands. Fifty-eight percent of the variation in the richness of galling insects was explained by forest stand age, but an increase in richness was observed at intermediate stages of succession. The greatest similarity among groups was found between the initial successional stages and intermediate ones. The results indicate a recovery of both host plants and insect community and that succession directly affects the richness and composition of these herbivores.Item Gall-inducing insects from Campos de Altitude, Brazil.(2013) Coelho, Marcel Serra; Carneiro, Marco Antonio Alves; Branco, Cristina Silva Alves; Borges, Rafael Augusto Xavier; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson AfonsoInsetos indutores de galhas são muito ricos em espécies nas formações vegetais do sudeste do Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a riqueza de morfotipos de galha por meio da caracterização de suas formas externas e os padrões de ocorrência nas plantas hospedeiras. As amostragens foram realizadas em campos rupestres e altitudinais de quatro regiões da Serra da Mantiqueira: 1) campos de altitude do Parque Estadual do Brigadeiro e 2) Parque Nacional do Caparaó, 3) Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca e Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. Foram registradas 93 espécies de galhas induzidas por insetos em 13 famílias, 30 gêneros e 50 espécies de plantas hospedeiras. Sendo 38 a riqueza de insetos indutores de galhas do Parque Estadual do Brigadeiro, 21 do Parque Nacional do Caparaó, 23 do Parque Nacional do Caparaó e 20 do Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. As famílias com maior riqueza foram Asteraceae (33%) e Melastomataceae (17%). A família Cecydomiidae (Diptera) foi a mais frequente (98%). O órgão mais atacado foi o caule (56%) seguido de folha (23%). O fato de apenas 12% das galhas descritas neste estudo já terem sido registradas em trabalhos anteriores, reforça a necessidade em aumentar o esforço amostral na direção de um maior conhecimento sobre a riqueza e história natural dos insetos indutores de galhas no Brasil.Item Gall-inducing insects from Serra do Cabral, Minas Gerais, Brazil.(2013) Coelho, Marcel Serra; Carneiro, Marco Antonio Alves; Branco, Cristina Silva Alves; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson AfonsoObjetivo deste estudo foi descrever a riqueza de morfotipos de galha por meio da caracterização de suas formas e os padrões de ocorrência em suas plantas hospedeiras no Parque Estadual da Serra do Cabral. Num universo de 34 famílias, 64 gêneros e 89 espécies de plantas, foram registradas 47 espécies de galhas induzidas por insetos em 21 famílias, 32 gêneros e 39 espécies de plantas hospedeiras. As famílias que concentraram maior riqueza de insetos galhadores foram as famílias mais abundantes. A família Asteraceae representou 33% das espécies coletadas, seguida das Malpighiaceae 8% e Fabaceae 8%, cada uma concentrando 25%, 19% e 8% das espécies de insetos galhadores, respectivamente. O órgão mais atacado foi a folha (51%), seguido do caule (42%) e ramo terminal (4%). Noventa e seis por cento (96%) das galhas foram glabras. O fato de apenas 25% das galhas descritas neste estudo já terem sido registradas em trabalhos prévios, reforça a necessidade em aumentar o esforço amostral na direção de um maior conhecimento sobre a riqueza, distribuição e história natural dos insetos indutores de galhas no Brasil.Item Galling insects of the Brazilian páramos : species richness and composition along high-altitude grasslands.(2017) Coelho, Marcel Serra; Carneiro, Marco Antonio Alves; Branco, Cristina Silva Alves; Borges, Rafael Augusto Xavier; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson AfonsoIn this work, we investigated the factors that determine the distribution of galling insects in high-altitude grasslands, locally called ‘campos de altitude’ of Mantiqueira Range and tested whether 1) richness of galling insects decreases with altitude, 2) galling insect richness increases with plant richness, 3) variation in galling insect diversity is predominantly a consequence of its β component, and 4) turnover is the main mechanism driving the beta diversity of both galling insects and plants. Galling insect richness did not exhibit a negative relationship with altitude, but it did increase with plant richness. The additive partition of regional richness (γ) into its local and beta components showed that local diversity (α) of galling insects and plants was relatively low in relation to regional diversity; the β component incorporated most of the regional diversity. This pattern was also found in the multiscale analysis of the additive partition for galling insects and plants. The beta diversity of galling insects and plants was driven predominantly by the process of turnover and minimally by nesting. The results reported here point out that the spatial distribution of galling insects is best explained by historical factors, such as the distribution of genera and species of key host plants, as well as their relation to habitat, than ecological effects such as hygrothermal stress – here represented by altitude.Item Genetic diversity and structure of the tree Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Fabaceae) associated with remnants of a seasonallydry tropical forest.(2015) Moreira, Patrícia de Abreu; Brandão, Murilo Malveira; Araujo, Natalia Hayashida de; Oliveira, Dario Alves de; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson AfonsoFragmentation of tropical forests is one of the major threats to biodiversity and viable natural popu-lations. Brazilian seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) are endangered because of human occupation,conversion of lands to agriculture and high deforestation rates in these fertile soils. Enterolobium contor-tisiliquum has been removed from SDTF natural areas due to the advance of cattle grazing and agriculturein Brazilian SDTFs. To aid conservation efforts of this species we used molecular markers to study thegenetic diversity and population structure of E. contortisiliquum in Brazilian SDTF remnants. A total of263 individuals in 13 forest patches were analyzed with 103 ISSR fragments. In spite of being found scat-tered among the SDTF patches, E. contortisiliquum populations exhibited high genetic diversity (meanShannon’s index of diversity = 0.384; mean genetic diversity = 0.280) and genetic divergence betweenpopulations was detected (˚ST= 0.155, p < 0.0001). UPGMA dendrogram, principal coordinate analysisand Bayesian analysis showed that E. contortisiliquum populations were clustered into three groups thatwere not related to geographic distance (r = 0.119, p = 0.197). However, these populations are spatiallystructured into groups distributed in the West, Central and East of the study area. This genetic structuremay be related with landscape and both the Espinhac¸ o Range and São Francisco River may act as a par-tial geographic barrier limiting the gene flow. Because the highest rates of genetic diversity were foundoutside of conservation units, we propose the creation of protected areas in different geographic regionsthat include E. contortisiliquum populations from different genetic clusters