Navegando por Autor "Campos, Ricardo Ildefonso de"
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Item Contrasting effects of sampling scale on insect herbivores distribution in response to canopy structure.(2013) Neves, Frederico de Siqueira; Sperber, Carlos Frankl; Campos, Ricardo Ildefonso de; Soares, Janaina PizzattiSpecies diversity of insect herbivores associated to canopy may vary local and geographically responding to distinct factors at different spatial scales. The aim of this study was to investigate how forest canopy structure affects insect herbivore species richness and abundance depending on feeding guilds´ specificities. We tested the hypothesis that habitat structure affects insect herbivore species richness and abundance differently to sap-sucking and chewing herbivore guilds. Two spatial scales were evaluated: inside tree crowns (fine spatial scale) and canopy regions (coarse spatial scale). In three sampling sites we measured 120 tree crowns, grouped in five points with four contiguous tree crowns. Insects were sampled by beating method from each crown and data were summed up for analyzing each canopy region. In crowns (fine spatial scale) we measured habitat structure: trunk circumference, tree height, canopy depth, number of ramifications and maximum ramification level. In each point, defined as a canopy region (coarse spatial scale), we measured habitat structure using a vertical cylindrical transect: tree species richness, leaf area, sum of strata heights and maximum canopy height. A principal component analysis based on the measured variables for each spatial scale was run to estimate habitat structure parameters. To test the effects of habitat structure upon herbivores, different general linear models were adjusted using the first two principal components as explanatory variables. Sap-sucking insect species richness and all herbivore abundances increased with size of crown at fine spatial scale. On the other hand, chewer species richness and abundance increased with resource quantity at coarse scale. Feeding specialization, resources availability, and agility are discussed as ecological causes of the found pattern.Item Dinâmica das comunidades de formigas em um ecossistema tropical montano em áreas com e sem perturbação por fogo.(2015) Silva, Diego Vinícius Anjos; Ribeiro, Sérvio Pontes; Fagundes, Roberth; Ribeiro, Sérvio Pontes; Campos, Ricardo Ildefonso de; Milanez, Cinthia Borges da CostaPertubações antrópicas, principalmente o fogo, causam importantes modificações nos habitats e nas comunidades que neles vivem. O objetivo deste estudo foi monitorar a sucessão natural das assembleias de formigas em áreas perturbadas ou não pelo fogo, num ecossistema Tropical Montano. Dessa maneira, amostragens mensais da mirmecofauna ocorreram em quatro distintas áreas ao longo de dois anos no Parque Estadual do Itacolomi, MG, Brasil. Testamos a hipótese de que o fogo afeta diferentemente as assembléias de formigas no solo e na vegetação. Também foi testada a hipótese de que a recuperação, sucessão natural, da mirmecofauna ocorre de maneira direcional. Encontramos diferenças nas respostas das formigas que vivem no solo em relação as que vivem na vegetação. Ao contrário do esperado, a assembléia de formigas na vegetação se recuperou mais rapidamente que a assembléia no solo. Embora a sucessão ocorreu mais evidentemente nas áreas queimadas quando comparado às áreas não queimadas, a sucessão não foi direcional. Isto se deve principalmente às diferenças importantes na composição de espécies. Estudos como esse reforçam a importância de se entender as consequências das queimadas nas comunidades de insetos e a relevância do entendimento do fogo na conservação dos ecossistemas Tropicais Montanos.Item Effect of habitat structure on ant assemblages associated to two pioneer tree species (Hymenoptera : formicidae).(2006) Campos, Ricardo Ildefonso de; Soares, Janaina Pizzatti; Martins, Rogério Parentoni; Ribeiro, Sérvio PontesThe present study investigates the effects of ant species distributions among host tree crowns in response to surrounding habitat. It was developed at the State Park of Rio Doce, in the middle basin of the Doce river, South Eastern Brazil. The studied plants were Mabea fistulifera Mart. (Euphorbiaceae), a forest border ecotone pioneer species, and Byrsonima sericea DC. (Malphigiaceae), a forest-lake ecotone colonizer species. Ants were sampled on the tree crowns for using a beating device, during one dry and two wet seasons thus comparing ecotone and interior forest habitats. In total 335 ant individuals were collected belonging to 5 subfamilies, 15 genera and 40 species. A MANOVA model shows differences in species richness only for the wet season of 2001, where the mean number of ant species per tree was nearly double in the ecotones than in the forest, regardless of which host plant. Ant abundance did not differ between habitats (ecotone and forests), but Mabea fistulifera had, on average, three times more ant individuals on its crown than B. sericea in the wet season of 2001. In addition, this value found for M. fistulifera was higher than any other overall abundance estimate in the following dry or wet season. A discriminant analysis showed how the ant fauna composition was distinct in the artificial ecotone site between sampling periods, which demonstrate how a disturbance can modify the ant species composition in comparison with preserved habitats. However, the ant fauna on M. fistulifera in the interior forest and on B. sericea in the ecotone were more similar than any other sub-set of species, suggesting that micro-habitat ecological conditions and geological history could influence more ant species distribution than host plant or ecotone-interior contrasts.Item How much leaf area do insects eat? : a data set of insect herbivory sampled globally with a standardized protocol.(2021) Mendes, Gisele Medeiros; Silveira, Fernando Augusto de Oliveira e; Oliveira, Carolina Santos de; Cruz, Wesley Francisco Dáttilo da; Guevara, Roger; Ruiz Guerra, Betsabé; Castro, Maria Gabriela Boaventura de; Naidoo, Sershen; Ramdhani, Syd; Phartyal, Shyam S.; Ribeiro, Sérvio Pontes; Pinto, Victor Diniz; Vasconcelos, Heraldo Luis de; Leon, Richard Tito; Pereira, Cássio Cardoso; Barbosa, Bárbara de Carvalho; Carvalho, Gabriel Martins de; Val, Ek del; Buisson, Elise; Arruda, André Jardim; Toth, Jean Baptiste; Roque, Fabio de Oliveira; Souza, Allan Henrique de Almeida; Bolzan, Fabio; Neves, Frederico de Siqueira; Belisário, Juliana Kuchenbecker; Ferreira, Guilherme Ramos Demetrio; Santos, Luziene Seixas dos; Romero, Gustavo Quevedo; Omena, Paula Munhoz de; Silva, Jhonathan de Oliveira; Paolucci, Lucas Navarro; Queiroz, Elenir; Ooi, Mark K. J.; Mills, Charlotte H.; Gerhold, Pille; Merzin, Anne; Massante, Jhonny Capichoni; Aguilar, Ramiro; Carbone, Lucas M.; Campos, Ricardo Ildefonso de; Gomes, Inácio José de Melo Teles e; Neves, Gabriela Zorzal; Solar, Ricardo Ribeiro de Castro; Ramos, Letícia; Sobrinho, Tathiana Guerra; Pereira, Pedro Sanders; Cornelissen, Tatiana GarabiniHerbivory is ubiquitous. Despite being a potential driver of plant distribution and performance, herbivory remains largely undocumented. Some early attempts have been made to review, globally, how much leaf area is removed through insect feeding. Kozlov et al., in one of the most comprehensive reviews regarding global patterns of herbivory, have compiled published studies regarding foliar removal and sampled data on global herbivory levels using a standardized protocol. However, in the review by Kozlov et al., only 15 sampling sites, comprising 33 plant species, were evaluated in tropical areas around the globe. In Brazil, which ranks first in terms of plant biodiversity, with a total of 46,097 species, almost half (43%) being endemic, a single data point was sampled, covering only two plant species. In an attempt to increase knowledge regarding herbivory in tropical plant species and to provide the raw data needed to test general hypotheses related to plant–herbivore interactions across large spatial scales, we proposed a joint, collaborative network to evaluate tropical herbivory. This network allowed us to update and expand the data on insect herbivory in tropical and temperate plant species. Our data set, collected with a standardized protocol, covers 45 sampling sites from nine countries and includes leaf herbivory measurements of 57,239 leaves from 209 species of vascular plants belonging to 65 families from tropical and temperate regions. They expand previous data sets by including a total of 32 sampling sites from tropical areas around the globe, comprising 152 species, 146 of them being sampled in Brazil. For temperate areas, it includes 13 sampling sites, comprising 59 species. Thus, when compared to the most recent comprehensive review of insect herbivory (Kozlov et al.), our data set has increased the base of available data for the tropical plants more than 460% (from 33 to 152 species) and the Brazilian sampling was increased 7,300% (from 2 to 146 species). Data on precise levels of herbivory are presented for more than 57,000 leaves worldwide. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this paper when using the current data in publications; the authors request to be informed how the data is used in the publications.Item Insect herbivores species associated to pioneer tree species : contrasting within forest and ecotone canopy habitats.(2008) Ribeiro, Sérvio Pontes; Soares, Janaina Pizzatti; Campos, Ricardo Ildefonso de; Martins, Rogério ParentoniEste artigo investiga padrões da distribuição de espécies de insetos herbívoros em dosséis de florestas dominados por Byrsonima sericea e Mabea fistulifera, espécies pioneiras, em habitats de ecotones perturbados e naturais, e em interior de mata, em uma floresta tropical semidecidual estacional. O estudo foi desenvolvido no Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, sudeste do Brasil. Ambas as espécies estudadas são freqüentes no mesmo tipo de habitat florestal. Além disso, M. fistulifera ocorre em bordas perturbadas (ecotone successional), enquanto B. sericea ocorre em ecotones naturais com lagos, comuns na bacia do médio Rio Doce. Nós amostramos os insetos de 15 indivíduos de B. sericea e 23 de M. fistulifera, nas estações secas e chuvosas de 2001 e de 2002. Um total de 670 indivíduos de insetos, distribuídos em 114 morfoespécies foi encontrado em B. sericea (60 spp.) e M. fistulifera. (66 spp.), mas somente 12 (10.5 %) ocorreram nas duas espécies. A riqueza de espécies de insetos não variou significativamente entre as plantas hospedeiras ou os habitats, mas a média total foi mais elevada para B. sericea que para M. fistulifera. Independentemente de sazonalidade, a riqueza de espécies parece aumentar com o tempo. Com relação à composição da espécies de insetos, a M. fistulifera e B. sericea tiveram uma fauna muito distinta. Além do mais, B. sericea apresentou uma fauna distinta entre o ecotóne do lago e o interior da mata. Por um lado, mudanças climáticas recentes causaram alterações ecológicas importantes que deve ter resultado em uma comunidade relativamente pobre de insetos herbívoros. Por outro, a longa exposição evolutiva destes herbívoros aos gêneros de planta estudados deva ter resultado em uma comunidade extremamente especializada.Item Spatial and functional structure of an entire ant assemblage in a lowland Panamanian rainforest.(2021) Leponcea, Maurice; Corbara, Bruno; Delabie, Jacques Hubert Charles; Orivel, Jérôme; Aberlenc, Henri Pierre; Bail, Johannes; Barrios, Héctor; Campos, Ricardo Ildefonso de; Nascimento, Ivan Cardoso do; Compin, Arthur; Didham, Raphael K.; Floren, Andreas; Medianero, Enrique; Ribeiro, Sérvio Pontes; Roisin, Yves; Schmidl, Juergen; Tishechkin, Alexey K.; Winchester, Neville N.; Basset, Yves; Dejean, AlainAnts are a major ecological group in tropical rainforests. Few studies in the Neotropics have documented the distribution of ants from the ground to the canopy, and none have included the understorey. A previous analysis of an intensive arthropod study in Panama, involving 11 sampling methods, showed that the factors influencing ant b diversity (i.e., changes in assem- blage composition) were, in decreasing order of importance, the vertical (height), temporal (season), and horizontal (geographic distance) dimensions. In the present study, we went one step further and aimed (1) to identify the best sampling methods to study the entire ant assemblage across the three strata, (2) to test if all strata show a similar horizontal b diversity and (3) to ana- lyze the functional structure of the entire ant assemblage. We identified 405 ant species from 11 subfamilies and 68 genera. Slightly more species were sampled in the canopy than on the ground; they belonged to distinct sub-assemblages. The under- storey fauna was mainly a mixture of species found in the other two strata. The horizontal b diversity between sites was similar for the three strata. About half of the ant species foraged in two (29%) or three (25%) strata. A single method, aerial flight inter- ception traps placed alongside tree trunks, acting as arboreal pitfall traps, collected half of the species and reflected the vertical stratification. Using the functional traits approach, we observed that generalist species with mid-sized colonies were by far the most numerous (31%), followed by ground- or litter-dwelling species, either specialists (20%), or generalists (16%), and arbo- real species, either generalists (19%) or territorially dominant (8%), and finally army ants (5%). Our results reinforce the idea that a proper understanding of the functioning of ant assemblages requires the inclusion of arboreal ants in survey programs. © 2021 Gesellschaft für Ökologie. Published by Elsevier GmbH. 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