Navegando por Autor "Calijuri, Maria Lúcia"

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Algae/bacteria consortium in high rate ponds : influence of solar radiation on the phytoplankton community.
(2015) Assemany, Paula Peixoto; Calijuri, Maria Lúcia; Couto, Eduardo de Aguiar do; Souza, Mauro Henrique Batalha de; Silva, Nirlane Cristiane; Santiago, Aníbal da Fonseca; Castro, Jackeline de Siqueira
Using multivariate statistical tools, the composition of the phytoplankton community was related to the characteristics of the domestic sewage used as culture medium in three high rate ponds (HRPs) submitted to different solar radiation levels. A total of 32 genera of phytoplankton were identified in the ponds; the class Chlorophyceae was the most abundant during the entire sampling period, with a larger number of individuals of the genus Desmodesmus in the summer and fall, and of the genus Chlorella in the winter and spring. The lowest occurrence of phytoplankton was observed in the fall, with behavior similar to the evolution of solar radiation throughout the year. Blocking over 30% of the solar radiation allowed for less variability of the phytoplankton community and favored the growth of biomass with higher density of individuals, as well as higher concentrations of chlorophyll-a and dissolved oxygen. On the other hand, the pond with 80% of shading presented the lowest mean density of organisms; from the perspective ofwastewater treatment, however, it can be considered the most efficient in terms of organic matter and nutrient removal. According to the regression analysis, the algal biomass in HRPs can be maximized mostly if we consider the positive effect of carbon and phosphorus and the limiting effect of nitrogen and non-biodegradable organic load. For the conditions evaluated in this study, the photoinhibition phenomenon was not observed. Other aspects such as competition with other microorganisms for space and nutrients, or predation by zooplankton, seemed to be more significant for the growth and development of algal biomass.
Avaliação de fotobiorreatores iluminados por diodos emissores de luz para o tratamento de efluentes domésticos.
(2016) Silva, Ludymyla Marcelle Lima; Santiago, Aníbal da Fonseca; Calijuri, Maria Lúcia; Silva, Silvana de Queiroz; Silva, Gilmare Antônia da
O aumento da população resulta no aumento do volume de efluentes domésticos, que têm em sua composição: água, matéria orgânica, nutrientes e patógenos. Entre os nutrientes encontrados nos efluentes, o nitrogênio e fósforo são de importância fundamental, porque são essenciais para o crescimento dos seres vivos. Mas o lançamento deles em corpos de água podem desencadear o fenômeno da eutrofização. Diante disso, esses nutrientes devem ser removidos dos efluentes, assim como a matéria orgânica, para evitar impactos ambientais negativos. As microalgas podem ser utilizadas para remover e recuperar nitrogênio e fósforo a partir dos efluentes. Estes microrganismos podem ser cultivados em sistemas abertos, tais como em lagoas de alta taxa ou em fotobiorreatores, que têm a vantagem de uma maior produção de biomassa. A iluminação dos fotobiorreatores poder ser com a luz do sol, ou com iluminação artificial. Esta última tem a vantagem de poder selecionar um intervalo específico de comprimento de onda que promove o melhor crescimento das microalgas, ou a remoção de um determinado poluente. O uso dos diodos emissores de luz (LEDs) são uma alternativa para este tipo de iluminação, pois apresentam baixo consumo de energia, baixa geração de calor e alta durabilidade. Além disso, eles são livres de substâncias tóxicas, como o mercúrio. O uso de fotobiorreatores com microalgas e iluminados por LEDs é apresentado como uma tecnologia que pode ser viável, uma vez que estes sistemas podem ter baixos custos operacionais, operação simples e produzir biomassa de algas que pode ser convertidos em novos produtos, como biofertilizantes e biocombustíveis. A partir disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a remoção de nitrogênio, fósforo, matéria orgânica e Escherichia coli de efluentes domésticos em fotobiorreatores de microalgas iluminados por LEDs com diferentes comprimentos de onda (cores) e fluxos luminosos. Foi utilizado o planejamento estatístico multivariado, e a partir de um número reduzido de experimentos foi possível chegar a uma condição ótima para a operação dos fotobiorreatores. Os fotobiorreatores com o LED na cor azul foram os que promoveram melhores resultados para a remoção de nitrogênio (96,34%), fósforo (43,54%), matéria orgânica (91%) e Escherichia coli (5,06 unidades logarítmicas). A LED na cor vermelha foi o que produziu maior crescimento de biomassa.
Greywater production in airports : qualitative and quantitative assessment.
(2013) Couto, Eduardo de Aguiar do; Calijuri, Maria Lúcia; Assemany, Paula Peixoto; Santiago, Aníbal da Fonseca; Carvalho, Isabella de Castro
Airport complexes are great water consumers where the adoption of reuse practices adapted to their particular characteristics may represent significant savings of financial and environmental resources. Greywater reuse is an important alternative for reducing potable water consumption in airports. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of greywater produced in airport environments and the reuse potential of such effluent. This study was developed in a mid-size airport in Brazil, where a qualitative assessment of greywater produced by different activities was performed. The results were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics. Greywater production in the administrative buildings was estimated by the application of questionnaires and interviewing employees, and compared to the nonpotable demand in these buildings. The results showed that the quality of the greywater produced in the airport is similar to that produced in residences and can be easily treated for reuse purposes. In quantitative terms, greywater reuse can meet the non-potable demand and provide great savings of water and financial resources, in addition to priceless environmental benefits.
Greywater treatment in airports using anaerobic filter followed by UV disinfection : an efficient and low cost alternative.
(2014) Couto, Eduardo de Aguiar do; Calijuri, Maria Lúcia; Assemany, Paula Peixoto; Santiago, Aníbal da Fonseca; Lopes, Lucas Sampaio
Greywater reuse is one of the main alternatives for reducing potable water consumption in households, industries and commercial buildings. Airport complexes need large amounts of water to maintain their operation routine, and replacing potable water with greywater may represent significant savings of financial and environmental resources. The objectives of this study were to discuss aspects related to greywater reuse in airports of different regions, as well as to present a case study of an airport in Brazil. Greywater treatment and reuse are quite common worldwide, although not many airports have already implemented such practice. Even though several sophisticated technologies have been widely used in some airports, treating source-separated effluent requires simple techniques and facilitates reuse. The case study evaluated a system consisting of an anaerobic filter followed by ultraviolet disinfection. The results were satisfactory according to less strict reuse standards and an economic analysis showed that in five years the cost of the investment will be returned. Due to its simple operation, the system is mostly indicated for small and mid-size airports, or for decentralized treatment in large airports. Greywater reuse must increasingly become part of a set of integrated actions toward the rational use of water, since this type of effluent represents an alternative source for non-potable uses, with extensive applicability in airports.
Influence of solar radiation on nitrogen recovery by the biomass grown in high rate ponds.
(2015) Couto, Eduardo de Aguiar do; Calijuri, Maria Lúcia; Assemany, Paula Peixoto; Tango, Mariana Daniel; Santiago, Aníbal da Fonseca
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of different solar radiation intensities on nitrogen assimilation by a consortium of bacteria and microalgae grown in pilot scale high rate ponds (HRP) treating domestic wastewater. The HRPs received effluent from an anaerobic reactor. The experiment was carried out under tropical climate conditions. A total of five HRPs were used; four of them were covered with shading screens that blocked 9%, 18%, 30% and 60% of the incident solar radiation. Nitrification was the main process for nitrogen removal/transformation in all HRPs and the volatilization of ammonia nitrogen occurred in levels below the expected range due to low pH values. The organic nitrogen concentration followed the same trend of the biomass production, but no statistical difference was found between the 60% screen HRP and the uncovered one, which led to the conclusion that the intensity of the photosynthetically active radiation does not compromise nitrogen assimilation, since the bacterial biomass may develop in conditions that are unfavorable to the growth of microalgae. Moreover, other aspects, such as CO2 addition, may reduce nitrogen losses by volatilization and denitrification, as well as contribute to recover this nutrient through biomass assimilation.
Reuse of treated sewage effluent in airports : irrigation of ornamental plant nursery.
(2013) Couto, Eduardo de Aguiar do; Assemany, Paula Peixoto; Calijuri, Maria Lúcia; Santiago, Aníbal da Fonseca; Alves, Luna Gripp Simões
Airports consume significant amounts of water which can be compared to the volume consumed by mid-size cities, thus practices aimed at reducing water consumption are important and necessary. The objective of this study was to assess the reuse potential of sewage effluent produced at a mid-size international airport for nursery irrigation. The sewage treatment system consisted of a facultative pond followed by a constructed wetland, which were monitored during one hydrological year and the parameters COD, pH, solids, nitrogen, phosphorus and Escherichia coli were analyzed. Removal efficiencies of 85% and 91% were achieved for COD and solids, respectively. Removal efficiencies for ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus were 77% and 59%, respectively. In terms of E. coli concentration, the treated effluent met the recommendations by the World Health Organization for reuse in irrigation with the advantage of providing high levels of residual nutrient. The ornamental species Impatiens walleriana was irrigated with treated sewage effluent and plant growth characteristics were evaluated. The experiment showed that reuse can enhance plant growth without significantly affecting leaf tissue and soil characteristics. This study highlighted the importance of simple technologies for sewage treatment especially in countries which still do not present great investment in sanitation and proved that effluent reuse for landscape irrigation can provide great savings of water and financial resources for airport environments.
Sustainable airport environments : a review of water conservation practices in airports.
(2013) Carvalho, Isabella de Castro; Calijuri, Maria Lúcia; Assemany, Paula Peixoto; Silva, Marcos Dornelas Freitas Machado e; Moreira Neto, Ronan Fernandes; Santiago, Aníbal da Fonseca; Souza, Mauro Henrique Batalha de
Airports consume significant amounts of water to maintain their infrastructure. Given the increasing worldwide demand for this type of transport and the current situation of water scarcity in many regions of the planet, efforts should be made to assess water consumption profiles as well as alternatives for its efficient use. In airport complexes, most of the water is used to meet non-potable demands, making them potential environments for implementing conservation practices aimed at reducing these demands – such as water metering and installation of water saving fixtures – and also for searching for alternative sources, such as rainwater and treated greywater or domestic sewage effluent. This review presents information regarding water consumption in globally important airports in order to provide a basis for studies that guide policies and decision-making toward a sustainable management of these environments during the planning and execution of construction, expansion and modernization projects.