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Item Adductor pollicis muscle thickness in Brazilian adolescents and associations with nutritional status, sexual maturation and physical activity (EVA-JF Study).(2022) Pereira, Priscila Moreira de Lima; Neves, Felipe Silva; Fontes, Vanessa Sequeira; Campos, Angélica Atala Lombelo; Coelho, George Luiz Lins Machado; Faria, Eliane Rodrigues de; Netto, Michele Pereira; Oliveira, Renata Maria Souza; Cândido, Ana Paula CarlosObjective: The present study aims to assess the associations of adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) with age, skin color, sexual maturation, anthropometric indicators and physical activity in Brazilian adolescents. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study of adolescents aged 14-19 years. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), arm circumference (AC), APMT, body fat, fat-free mass (FFM), fat-free mass index (FFMI), sexual maturation, time of physical activity and skin color were evaluated. APMT was associated with categorical variables using Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis tests and correlated with anthropometric variables using Spearman’s correlation. Linear regression was used with APMT as a dependent and the other variables as predictors. Data analysis was carried out in SPSS® software (version 17.0) with a 5% significance level. Results: 828 adolescents were evaluated, 57.6% female, with a mean age of 16.13 ± 1.20 years. APMT had an average value of 18.0 mm in females and 21.0 mm in males. The measure was greater in males, in more advanced stages of sexual maturation, overweight and physical activity. It presented a moderate correlation with FFM, FFMI, body fat and AC. In the final model of multiple linear regression for females, the variables AC and body fat explain 20.1% of the APMT variability. For men, the variables AC and FFMI explain 30.5% of the APMT variability. Conclusion: It is recommended that APMT be used in a complementary manner in the nutritional assessment of adolescents.Item Adiponectin, HOMA-Adiponectin, HOMA-IR in children and adolescents : Ouro Preto study.(2020) Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos; Geloneze, Bruno; Calixto, Aurea Oliveira Silva; Vasques, Ana Carolina Junqueira; Freitas, Renata Nascimento de; Freitas, Silvia Nascimento de; Coelho, George Luiz Lins MachadoObjectives To examine the association and predictive capacity of adiponectin levels, HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR indexes with metabolic risk markers in children and adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 691 children and adolescents (7–14 y), of both sexes. Demographic (sex, age), anthropometric (weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat), biochemical [total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, fasting glycemia, insulin and adiponectin] and clinical parameters (arterial blood pressure) were analyzed. Results In multiple linear regression models, metabolic risk were analyzed in relation to adiponectin levels, HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR. ROC curve analysis was used to define the cut-off for metabolic syndrome for each method studied. Adiponectin level was inversely correlated with weight (r = −0.12; p = 0.01), waist circumference (WC) (r = −0.12; p = 0.01), and triglycerides (r = −0.11; p = 0.02); it was directly correlated with HDL (r = 0.10; p = 0.03) only in the adolescents. In the final linear regression model, after adjustment, only triglycerides (p = 0.03) and HDL (p = 0.04) remained significant. However, HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR were associated with metabolic risk and were the most suitable methods for metabolic syndrome screening in both age groups. For children, independent variables explained 16.0% and 14.5% of HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR, respectively. For adolescents, R2 was higher in HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR models (R2 adjusted = 31.9% and R2 adjusted = 29.6%, respectively). Conclusions HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR are better explained by metabolic markers than adiponectin levels.Item Analysis of the chemerin and resistin adipokines in children and adolescents.(2020) Fontes, Vanessa Sequeira; Mateus, Kácia; Netto, Michele Pereira; Oliveira, Renata Maria Souza; Coelho, George Luiz Lins Machado; Cândido, Ana Paula CarlosOBJECTIVES: To compare the serum concentrations of adipokines resistin and chemerin in children and adolescents with eutrophic and overweight and to evaluate their relationship with anthropometric, biochemical, and blood pressure variables. METHODS: a cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted with 234 students enrolled in public elementary schools in the city of Juiz de Fora / MG. Anthropometric evaluation, biochemistry, and blood pressure measurement were performed. Statistical analyzes included the Student-t or Mann-Whitney tests, Pearson or Spearman correlation, used according to the distribution of the variables, and linear regression analysis, by means of the evaluation of the effect of the independent variables on the serum levels of chemerin and resistin, adjusted for age and sex. For the data analysis, SPSS® software version 21.0 and STATA® version 10.1 were used, assuming a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: the concentrations of chemerin were higher in eutrophic individuals than in those with excess weight (p> 0.05). In contrast, levels of resistin were higher in the young with excess weight than in the eutrophic ones (p <0.05). . In the multiple linear regression analysis, the levels of chemerin were associated with the values of resistin, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure. Resistance levels maintained association only with BMI and chemerin values. CONCLUSION: the adipokines analyzed presented a distinct profile in the groups of children and adolescents with eutrophic and overweight.Item Anthropometric measurements and obesity diagnosis in schoolchildren.(2011) Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos; Freitas, Silvia Nascimento de; Coelho, George Luiz Lins MachadoTo evaluate whether anthropometric methods such as arm muscle area, armfat area, Rohrer index, conicity index, and waist-to-height ratio and the commonly usedbody mass index method are suitable for obesity screening in a multiethnic paediatric pop-ulation.Item Anthropometric methods for obesity screening in schoolchildren; the Ouro Preto Study.(CÂNDIDO, A. P. C. et al. Anthropometric methods for obesity screening in schoolchildren; the Ouro Preto Study. Nutrición Hospitalaria, v. 27, p. 145-152, 2012. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 01 set. 2014., 2012) Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos; Alosta, Juliana Pereira Sallum; Oliveira, Cinthia Teixeira de; Freitas, Renata Nascimento de; Freitas, Silvia Nascimento de; Coelho, George Luiz Lins MachadoBackground and aims: Childhood obesity is increasing dramatically in last decades. To evaluate the usefulness of body mass index (BMI), skinfold thickness (ST), waist circumference (WC), and foot-to-foot bioelectrical impe - dance (BIA-FF) for screening for obesity in mixed-race population, using the tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance (BIA-T) technique as reference method. Methods and results: A cross-sectional-based population study was performed in the city of Ouro Preto, Brazil, in 2006. Schoolchildren aged 6-15 years (n = 788) was randomly selected according to age and sex stratified by the proportion of students in each schools of the city. Nonparametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to define the sensitivity and specificity for each method studied using the tetrapolar method as reference. The BMI and the BIA-FF were the most suita - ble for adiposity screening in pre-pubertal and pubertal stages because they present a better balance between sensitivity and specificity, and smaller misclassification. For post-pubertal boys, the BF-ST-D was the best body fat assessment method. Conclusion: The results suggest that BIA-FF and BMI are choice methods for obesity screening in mixed population and that the method choice for body fat screening must be done according to sexual maturity of boys and girls. The present study demonstrates the need to perform studies in wider mixed-race population to determine anthropometric parameters and to examine the predictive ability of methods and cut-offs here elucidated in the development of obesity.Item Association between nutritional status, food habits and physical activity level in schoolchildren.(2012) Coelho, Lorene Gonçalves; Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos; Coelho, George Luiz Lins Machado; Freitas, Silvia Nascimento deObjective: To analyze the relation between nutritional status, food habits and physical activity level in schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 661 schoolchildren, from 6 to 14 years old, enrolled in public and private schools located in the urban area of Ouro Preto, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A semistructured questionnaire was applied to collect data on demographic, socio-economic, anthropometric and level of physical activity variables. Schoolchildren were classified according to criteria for body mass index by age, body fat percentage and physical activity level, respectively. Dietary data were collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire specific for children and adolescents. Food consumption was evaluated according to an adaptation of the Recommended Foods Score, whose objective is the assessment of overall diet quality with a focus on healthy food consumption. Results: We observed high frequency of overweight according to body mass index per age (20.1%) and body fat percentage (22.8%), as well as physical inactivity (80.3%) among schoolchildren. We also found low scores on the Recommended Foods Score in 77.2% of students. There was no significant relation between overweight and physical inactivity or food consumption (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Schoolchildren had a high frequency of overweight, which, alone, was not associated with the high physical inactivity and the low quality diet observed. Therefore, more studies should be performed to identify other factors besides those already described, which may be influencing overweight in this population.Item Cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents living in an urban area of southeast of Brazil : Ouro Preto study.(2009) Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos; Benedetto, Raquel; Castro, Ana Paula Pereira; Carmos, Joseane Souza do; Nicolato, Roney Luiz de Carvalho; Nascimento Neto, Raimundo Marques do; Freitas, Renata Nascimento de; Freitas, Silvia Nascimento de; Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira; Coelho, George Luiz Lins MachadoThis study aims to identify risk factors for cardiovascular disorders in schoolchildren living in Ouro Preto City, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a population-based sampling of schoolchildren (6– 14 years old), randomly selected and stratified by the proportion of students according to age and gender in each schools of the city. Biochemical, clinical and anthropometric variables as well as physical activity and family history were used in a logistic regression model for obesity or arterial hypertension. Out of 780 schoolchildren sampled, the risk of obesity was greater in subjects presenting high triglyceride and low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, and those whose parents were obese, whilst the risk of hypertension was high in obese subjects and those who presented low birth weight. It was observed that 44.4% of the schoolchildren were exposed to two or three cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and 8.2% were exposed to four or six factors. These findings should be considered in preventive measures to reduce the future risk for CVD among schoolchildren in Brazil.Item Clustered cardiovascular risk factors are associated with inflammatory markers in adolescents.(2017) Silva, Carla Teixeira; Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos; Pala, Daniela; Barbosa, Priscila Oliveira; Coelho, George Luiz Lins Machado; Oliveira, Fernando Luiz Pereira de; Volp, Ana Carolina Pinheiro; Freitas, Renata Nascimento deBackground: Clusters of cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This cross-sectional study assessed the associations between classic CVR factor clusters and inflammatory markers in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Measurements included anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters and selected inflammatory markers in 487 adolescents (236 boys/251 girls; 12.06 ± 1.41 years). Results: After stratifying the population by gender and adjusting for potential confounding variables, principal component analysis was performed and it produced 5 independent components in both genders: adiposity, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/triacylglycerols (TG), and cholesterol/low-density lipoprotein. Glucose metabolism was inversely associated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in both genders ( r = –0.026; r = –0.021); blood pressure was inversely associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in girls ( r = –0.046); HDL/TG was positively associated with interleukin-6 in girls ( r = 0.012), with IL-1β ( r = 0.010) TNF-α ( r = 0.045) in boys, and inversely associated with adiponectin in both genders ( r = –0.015; r = –0.013). Conclusion: The results suggest that lipid metabolism alterations, as potential early events in the development of CVDs, have a strong link to the inflammatory process, in contrast to other clusters of risk factors.Item A comparative study of methods for diagnosis of obesity in an urban mixed-race population in Minas Gerais, Brazil.(2007) Freitas, Silvia Nascimento de; Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira; César, Cibele Comini; Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos; Faria, Valéria Andrade; Nascimento Neto, Raimundo Marques do; Coelho, George Luiz Lins MachadoObesity is defined as an excess of total body fat and may be assessed by different methods. The objective of the present study was to establish the discriminatory power of anthropometric data in determining obesity.Item Estudo dos fatores de risco nutricionais, clínicos, bioquímicos e comportamentais para as doenças cardiovasculares na população do ensino fundamental de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2006.(Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia. Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós Graduação, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto., 2009) Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos; Coelho, George Luiz Lins MachadoAs doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) representam a principal causa de morbidade e mortalidade. Os fatores de risco cardiovasculares, tais como, hipertensão arterial, a obesidade, a dislipidemia, o sedentarismo e o diabetes mellitus iniciam-se já na infância. O objetivo principal do projeto foi identificar precocemente os riscos cardiovasculares na população estudada e estabelecer pontos de corte de medidas antropométricas que auxiliem a triagem nutricional. Estudo epidemiológico transversal de base populacional escolar foi realizado com indivíduos de 6 a 14 anos de idade. Uma amostra de 850 estudantes foi selecionada por processo aleatório simples estratificado pela proporção de escolares de acordo com o sexo, idade e número de alunos em cada escola. As seguintes variáveis foram incluídas: demográficas (sexo, idade), bioquímicas (colesterol total, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglicérides, glicose), clínica (pressão arterial), antropométricas (IMC, circunferência de cintura, percentual de gordura corporal pelas dobras cutâneas e pela impedância bioelétrica bipolar e tetrapolar), estágio puberal, peso ao nascer, atividade física, comportamento sedentário, socioeconômica (renda familiar) e história familiar (IMC e pressão arterial). A amostra foi composta de 47,6% meninos e 52,4% meninas. Observamos que 8,2% e 6,7% dos estudantes eram sobrepeso e obesos, respectivamente. Na avaliação bioquímica, foi observado que 23,7% dos alunos apresentam níveis limítrofes de colesterol, e 36,9% aumentados. 18,6% apresentaram níveis baixos de HDL, enquanto 24% apresentam níveis limítrofes e 5,8% níveis aumentados de LDL. Em relação aos triglicérides, 7,5% dos alunos apresentaram níveis elevados, sendo que 83% estão normais. Não foi observada alteração nos níveis de glicose de jejum. Observamos que 1,2% dos alunos eram pré-hipertensos, 1,2% eram hipertensos nível 1 e 1,5% hipertensos nível 2. Na análise da curva ROC, verificamos que a impedância bioelérica bipolar assim como o IMC são métodos de escolha para a triagem de adiposidade na população analisada e que a escolha dos métodos deve ser de acordo com o estádio de maturação sexual. Observamos uma associação de risco entre obesidade e IMC dos pais e entre as variáveis bioquímicas. Em relação a pressão arterial, observamos uma associação de risco com o IMC e o peso ao nascer. Observamos que 44,4% dos escolares estavam expostos a 2-3 fatores de risco e 8,2% a 4-6 fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Concluímos que a população analisada apresenta fatores de risco precoces, tais como excesso de peso, hipercolesterolemia, hipertensão arterial, sedentarismo, além de uma associação entre eles. Os pontos de corte estabelecidos podem auxiliar na detecção de adiposidade e dos riscos futuros para as doenças cardiovasculares.Item Food habits and risk of cardiovascular disease in schoolchildren from Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais.(2015) Coelho, Lorene Gonçalves; Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos; Coelho, George Luiz Lins Machado; Freitas, Silvia Nascimento deObjective To investigate the relationship between food habits and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in schoolchildren of the city Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population-based sample of 738 schoolchildren aged 6-14 years. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting demographic, socioeconomic, biochemical, clinical, and anthropometric data. Food intake was determined by a food-frequency questionnaire. Food habits were evaluated according to the adapted Recommended Food Score. Multiple linear regression models were constructed to assess how food consumption was associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Results The schoolchildren presented a dietary pattern characterized by low consumption of healthy foods. Association of cardiovascular risk factors showed that the consumption of foods according to the adapted Recommended Food Score was negatively and significantly associated with tetrapolar percentage of body fat (p=0.030) and systolic blood pressure (p=0.049) in children aged 6-9 years. Conclusion Children’s dietary patterns proved to be an important determinant of some of the cardiovascular risk factors studied. Thus, food intake assessment is a primary tool for the prevention and early intervention on cardiovascular risk factors during childhood.Item High levels of chemerin associated with variants in the NOS3 and APOB genes in rural populations of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.(2020) Batista, Aline Priscila; Barbosa, Keila Furbino; Masioli, Cássio Zumerle; Queiroz, Erica Maria de; Marinho, Carolina Coimbra; Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos; Coelho, George Luiz Lins MachadoChemerin is an adipokine that has been associated with components of metabolic syndrome. It has been described to affect adipocyte metabolism and inflammatory responses in adipose tissue, as well as the systemic metabolism of lipids and glucose. Few epidemiological studies have evaluated classical and genetics cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in the mixed adult rural population in Brazil. Therefore, the present study explored possible associations between CVRFs and chemerin. This cross sectional study included 508 adults from the rural localities of Lavras Novas, Chapada, and Santo Antônio do Salto in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. Demographic, behavioral, clinical, biochemical, anthropometric variables, and 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked with metabolic syndrome phenotypes were evaluated for associations with chemerin level. There was a significant association of high triglyceride levels [odds ratio (OR)=1.91, 95%CI: 1.23–2.98], insulin resistance (OR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.03–3.22), age (OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.08–2.49), and sex (OR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.35–2.95) with high levels of chemerin. High chemerin levels were significantly associated with the genetic polymorphisms rs693 in the APOB gene (OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.03–2.19) and rs1799983 in the NOS3 gene (OR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.01–2.12) for the AA and GT+TT genotypes, respectively. In the concomitant presence of genotypes AA of rs693 and GT+TT of rs1799983, the chance of presenting high levels of chemerin showed a 2.21-fold increase (95%CI: 1.25–3.88) compared to the reference genotype. The development of classical CVRFs in this population may be influenced by chemerin and by two risk genotypes characteristic of variants in well-studied genes for hypertension and dyslipidemia.Item IGF2, LEPR, POMC, PPARG, and PPARGC1 gene variants are associated with obesity-related risk phenotypes in Brazilian children and adolescents.(2015) Queiroz, Erica Maria de; Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos; Castro, Ieso de Miranda; Bastos, Alínia Quália Araújo; Coelho, George Luiz Lins Machado; Freitas, Renata Nascimento deAssociation studies of genetic variants and obesity and/or obesity-related risk factors have yielded contradictory results. The aim of the present study was to determine the possible association of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the IGF2, LEPR, POMC, PPARG, and PPARGC1 genes with obesity or obesity-related risk phenotypes. This case-control study assessed overweight (n=192) and normal-weight (n=211) children and adolescents. The SNPs were analyzed using minisequencing assays, and variables and genotype distributions between the groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance and Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and gender was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for selected phenotype risks in each group. No difference in SNP distribution was observed between groups. In children, POMC rs28932472(C) was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure (P=0.001), higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P=0.014), and higher risk in overweight children of altered total cholesterol (OR=7.35, P=0.006). In adolescents, IGF2 rs680(A) was associated with higher glucose (P=0.012) and higher risk in overweight adolescents for altered insulin (OR=10.08, P=0.005) and homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (OR=6.34, P=0.010). PPARG rs1801282(G) conferred a higher risk of altered insulin (OR=12.31, P=0.003), and HOMA-IR (OR=7.47, P=0.005) in overweight adolescents. PARGC1 rs8192678(A) was associated with higher triacylglycerols (P=0.005), and LEPR rs1137101(A) was marginally associated with higher LDL cholesterol (P=0.017). LEPR rs1137101(A) conferred higher risk for altered insulin, and HOMA-IR in overweight adolescents. The associations observed in this population suggested increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and/or type 2 diabetes later in life for individuals carrying these allelesItem Lipoprotein(a) as a risk factor associated with ischemic heart disease : Ouro Preto Study.(2007) Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos; Ferreira, Silvania; Lima, Angélica Alves; Nicolato, Roney Luiz de Carvalho; Freitas, Silvia Nascimento de; Brandão, Paulo Eduardo; Pereira, Alexandre da Costa; Krieger, José Eduardo; Nascimento Neto, Raimundo Marques do; Coelho, George Luiz Lins MachadoEvidences suggest that lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, literature has been controversial in confirming its role as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the association between serum levels of Lp(a) and ischemic heart disease as well as other cardiovascular risk factors in a population-based study conducted on a local cohort of the Brazilian population. Lp(a) serum levels were measured in 400 individuals selected from a larger sample of a populational survey carried out in Ouro Preto, a city in the southeast of Brazil. Lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, anthropometric and clinical parameters were analyzed. Lp(a) levels were significantly associated with the presence of ischemic heart disease. In relation to other cardiovascular risk factors, it was verified that Lp(a) levels were statistically associated with age, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and percentage of body fat determined by bioelectric impedance. Lp(a) was also highly associated with the Framingham risk score (p = 0.003). In a multivariate analysis two significant interactions were revealed; one involving ischemic heart disease, sex and age and other associating ischemic heart disease, age and total cholesterol. In summary, in the present analysis Lp(a) serum levels were correlated with the occurrence of ischemic heart disease and other cardiovascular risk factors.Item Lipoprotein(a) levels in children and adolescents : Ouro Preto study.(2020) Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos; Mendes, Alekson Mendonça; Candido, Debora Rosa Carlos; Nicolato, Roney Luiz de Carvalho; Coelho, George Luiz Lins MachadoBackground: Lipoprotein (a) is a cardiovascular risk factor in adult. Studies have shown the presence of this emergent risk factor in school children, which may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis in adulthood. Objective: To evaluate the association between lipoprotein (a) and cardiovascular risk factors in school children. Methods: Lipoprotein (a) levels were measured in 320 school children (6-14 years) selected from a population survey carried out in Ouro Preto (southeast of Brazil). Demographic (sex and age), biochemical (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose), anthropometric (body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage), clinical (arterial blood pressure, pubertal stage and birth weight) and economic (family income) parameters, as well as family history (obese and/or hypertensive parents) were analyzed. Non-parametric analysis was used to evaluate lipoprotein (a) levels in each subgroup. Variables with p≤0.20 in the univariate analysis were included in binary regression logistic model. Differences with p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Lipoprotein (a) levels were associated with total cholesterol (p=0.04), body fat (p=0.009), and mother´s systolic (p=0.02) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.04). In a logistic regression analysis, children with high lipoprotein (a) levels and body fat, and children born from hypertensive mothers were, respectively, at 3.2(p=0.01) and 1.4 (p=0.03) times higher risk than other children. In clustering these factors, elevated lipoprotein (a) was 2.6 times more likely to be seen in school children with high body fat and born hypertensive mothers. Conclusions: Lipoprotein (a) was correlated with cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents. Persistence of these risk factors in childhood suggests a contribution of elevated lipoprotein (a) to future cardiovascular disease.Item Percentage of energy contribution according to the degree of industrial food processing and associated factors in adolescents (EVA-JF study, Brazil).(2021) Melo, Adriana Soares Torres; Neves, Felipe Silva; Batista, Aline Priscila; Coelho, George Luiz Lins Machado; Sartorelli, Daniela Sales; Faria, Eliane Rodrigues de; Netto, Michele Pereira; Oliveira, Renata Maria Souza; Fontes, Vanessa Sequeira; Cândido, Ana Paula CarlosObjective: To evaluate energetic contribution according to the degree of industrial food processing and its association with sociodemographic, anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and behavioural characteristics in adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional study (Adolescent Lifestyle Study). Food consumption was assessed using 24-h dietary recalls, with foods classified by degree of industrial progressing. The usual diet was estimated using the Multiple Source Method. In a linear regression model, the energy percentage (E %) was associated with sociodemographic, anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and behavioural characteristics, after adjustment for sex and age. Setting: Juiz de Fora, Brazil. Participants: Eight hundred and four adolescents, of both sexes, 14–19 years of age, enrolled in public schools. Results: The E % of unprocessed or minimally processed foods corresponded to 43·1 %, processed foods to 11·0 % and the ultraprocessed foods to 45·9 %. E % of unprocessed foods was associated with socio-economic stratum (adjusted β = −0·093; P = 0·032), neck circumference (adjusted β = 0·017; P = 0·049), screen time (adjusted β = −0·247; P = 0·036) and HDL-cholesterol (adjusted β = −0·156; P = 0·003). E % of ultraprocessed foods was associated with socio-economic stratum (adjusted β = 0·118; P = 0·011), screen time (adjusted β = 0·375; P = 0·003), BMI (adjusted β = −0·029; P = 0·025), neck circumference (adjusted β = −0·017; P = 0·028) and HDL-cholesterol (adjusted β = 0·150; P = 0·002). Conclusions: There was a high E % of ultraprocessed foods in the diet of the adolescents. Actions are needed to raise the awareness of adopting healthy eating habits.Item Perfil nutricional de pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica em tratamento com Diálise Peritoneal.(2017) Alvarenga, Livia de Almeida; Aguiar, Aline Silva de; Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos; Amaral, Joana Ferreira do; Carraro, Júlia Cristina Cardoso; Aguiar, Aline Silva deIntrodução: A Doença Renal Crônica se desenvolve devido à perda progressiva e irreversível das funções dos rins, que resulta em um desequilíbrio homeostático do organismo. Os pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica passam a sofrer uma série de distúrbios metabólicos e nutricionais que condizem com o desenvolvimento da desnutrição energético-proteica, sendo um fator importante de risco para morbidade/ mortalidade entre esses pacientes. Além desse cenário de desnutrição, é importante ressaltar que os pacientes em Diálise Peritoneal recebem o dialisato à base de glicose, estando expostos ao risco de uma sobrecarga glicêmica e consequente desenvolvimento de hiperinsulinemia, resultando na elevação do armazenamento dos triglicerídios e ganho de peso corporal. Objetivo: avaliar o perfil nutricional de pacientes em Diálise Peritoneal. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, utilizando-se dados coletados de pacientes em tratamento no serviço de Diálise Peritoneal da Unidade de Tratamento do Paciente Renal Crônico do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (HU/UFJF). Foram coletados dados de 30 pacientes. Os dados coletados consistem em: Avaliação antropométrica, composição corporal por meio da bioimpedância tetrapolar, avaliação bioquímica, Avaliação Subjetiva Global e Avaliação Alimentar. Resultados: A avaliação subjetiva global de 7 pontos não indicou nenhum paciente em desnutrição grave, enquanto 43,3% encontravam-se em desnutrição leve a moderada e 56,7% em risco leve de desnutrição a bem nutrido. Ao analisar o Índice de Massa Corporal, observou-se média de 24,64±4,84 kg/m², sendo que 56,7% dos pacientes foram classificados com eutrofia. Houve preservação da gordura subcutânea, avaliada pelas pregas cutâneas e CB, e preservação de massa muscular, avaliada pela CMB e AMB. 53,3% dos pacientes foram classificados como euvolêmicos. Os valores médios do ângulo de fase e da massa celular foram de 5,07±1,27º e 19,03±5,06 kg respectivamente. Em relação aos exames bioquímicos, a albumina (3,73±0,45g/dl) e vitamina D (24,15±4,84 ng/dl) encontram-se abaixo do valor de referência, já o fósforo (7,13±1,81mg/dl) e hormônio paratireoidiano (705,72±469,79 pg/mL), estavam acima do ideal. A glicose proveniente do dialisato não apresentou influencia em relação à glicose sérica, hemoglobina glicada e triglicerideos, porém foi importante para a preservação da massa muscular somática. Em relação à avaliação alimentar, os pacientes apresentaram consumo inadequado de proteínas (1,0 g/kg de peso). Conclusão: os pacientes apresentaram bom estado nutricional e prognóstico satisfatório, porém o acompanhamento nutricional faz-se importante para evitar possíveis complicações.Item Retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance are related to body fat in primary and secondary schoolchildren : the Ouro Preto study.(2014) Castro, Ana Paula Pereira; Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos; Nicolato, Roney Luiz de Carvalho; Caldas, Ivo Santana; Coelho, George Luiz Lins MachadoPurpose Evidence suggests that plasma retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and insulin resistance are related to body fat (BF). We aimed to assess the relationship between RBP4 and insulin resistance with obesity in a mixed (skin color) cohort of the Brazilian population. Methods A nested case–control study was conducted in 227 schoolchildren aged 7–14 years. Schoolchildren with a high BF percentage (% BF, C 30 for girls and C 25 for boys) were identified as the obese group (n = 137), and those with lower values were identified as the non-obese group (n = 90). Percentage of body fat (% BF) was determined by tetrapolar bioimpedance (Quantum II, RJL System), RBP4 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Immunology Consultants Laboratory), plasma fasting insulin by chemiluminescent immunoassay (Access Immunoassay System) and insulin resistance by the homeostasis model insulin resistance (IRHOMA) index. Serum lipid profile and arterial blood pressure were evaluated. Results The significant independent risk factors associated with obesity were as follows: male sex, increased serum LDL-C, RBP4 and IRHOMA. Among children with higher RBP4, the association with obesity increased significantly (from 3.1 to 8.5) in the presence of insulin resistance, when compared to higher RBP4 and non-insulin resistance. Conclusion IRHOMA and RBP4 showed significant associations with obesity and traditional CVD risk factors. They might therefore be used as a marker for CVD risk and have clinical implications in the development of comorbidities associated with obesity.Item Vaspin association with insulin resistance is related to physical activity and body fat in Brazilian adolescents - a cross-sectional study.(2016) Pala, Daniela; Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos; Cruz, Larissa Leandro da; Barbosa, Priscila Oliveira; Silva, Carla Teixeira; Volp, Ana Carolina Pinheiro; Coelho, George Luiz Lins Machado; Freitas, Renata Nascimento deBackground: Vaspin is a newly-identifi ed adipocytokine associated with insulin resistance (IR). Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between plasma vaspin concentrations and IR and determine whether this association is affected by body composition, physical activity and pubertal stage in adolescents. Methods: Were studied 484 Brazilian adolescents aged 10–14 years whose anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and lifestyle measurements were analized. We evaluated the correlation between vaspin and risk factors for IR in adolescents with normal and high body fat percentage (%BF) and did a logistic regression to calculate the odds ratio for IR according to vaspin quartiles sex specifi c for the sample. Results: Vaspin was positively correlated with IR in adolescents with high %BF (r = 0.23, p = 0.003). The logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex, age, BMI, and pubertal stage showed that adolescents in the 2nd (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.23-0.80, p = 0.008) and 3rd (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.25-0.85, p = 0.014) quartile of vaspin concentration had a lower risk for IR. When the model was adjusted for %BF and physical activity, the association remained statically signifi cant only for adolescents in the 2nd quartile. Conclusion: Vaspin was correlated positively with risk factors associated with insulin metabolism in adolescents with high %BF. Vaspin was associated with a reduced risk of IR independently of BMI and pubertal stage and the association was infl uenced by body fat and physical activity in these adolescents.