Navegando por Autor "Almeida, Isabela Neves de"
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Item Avaliação da frequência de espécies de candida isoladas em secreções vaginais e do perfil de susceptibilidade a antifúngicos.(2020) Rodrigues, Dênis Daniel; Silva, Matheus Felipe da Cruz; Bicalho, Patrícia Helena do Nascimento; Sousa, Mireille Angela Bernardes; Ricci, Natasha Delaqua; Almeida, Isabela Neves deA candidíase é um dos grandes problemas de saúde que levam mulheres a um quadro de infecção do aparelho reprodutor. É uma infecção causada por leveduras do gênero Candida. Essa patologia pode acometer ambos os gêneros e qualquer faixa etária desde o neonato até idosos. O método de identificação da candidíase vulvovaginal envolve as etapas da coleta, cultura e identificação do microrganismo, e para estabelecer um melhor esquema de tratamento o antifungigrama deve ser realizado. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência das principais espécies causadoras de candidíase vulvovaginal, bem como avaliar o respectivo perfil de sensibilidade e resistência aos antifúngicos. Foram analisadas 736 culturas de secreção vaginal no período de janeiro a março de 2017 em um laboratório de grande porte da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Entre o total de 249 amostras positivas, a espécie mais prevalente foi a Candida albicans. Em relação aos antifúngicos resistentes, o Fluconazol obteve maior número de resistência com 11 cepas (28%) seguidas da Caspofungina com 4 cepas (10%). Voriconazol com 3 cepas resistentes (8%) e finalmente a Anfotericina B, Flucitosina e Micafungina com 1 cepa resistente cada. Portanto conclui-se que as espécies de Candida albicans isoladas nesse estudo apresentam maior resistência ao Fluconazol, e este fato alerta para os riscos da resistência Fonseca induzida por consequência dos tratamentos empíricos, da automedicação, assim como das infecções de repetição.Item Avaliação do desempenho dos serviços de atenção primária à saúde no controle da tuberculose em metrópole do Sudeste do Brasil.(2021) Rabelo, Juliana Veiga Costa; Navarro, Pedro Daibert de; Carvalho, Wânia da Silva; Almeida, Isabela Neves de; Oliveira, Camila Stefânie Fonseca; Haddad, João Paulo Amaral; Miranda, Silvana Spíndola deA Organização Mundial da Saúde destaca a importância da organização e do desempenho dos serviços de saúde nas ações de controle da tuberculose. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho dos serviços de atenção primaria à saúde em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, em relação às ações de controle da tuberculose nos eixos Estrutura e Processo, antes e após a utilização do instrumento validado denominado Estratificação por Grau de Risco Clínico e de Abandono do Tratamento da Tuberculose (ERTB). Estudo descritivo e prospectivo, no qual foram realizadas duas entrevistas (455 profissionais), tendo a segunda ocorrido após a ERTB. A classificação do desempenho seguiu os valores: ≤ 49,9%, críticos; entre 50% e 79,9%, insatisfatórios; e, ≥ 80%, satisfatórios. Na avaliação comparativa, foi utilizado o teste estatístico de McNemar, com p < 0,05. Após a estratificação de risco, a maior parte das variáveis de cada eixo melhorou significativamente. Nós concluímos que, por meio de um questionário padronizado, foi possível identificar o desempenho satisfatório dos serviços de atenção primária à saúde em Belo Horizonte em relação às ações de controle da tuberculose, na maioria das variáveis avaliadas nos eixos Estrutura e Processo.Item Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heteroresistance by genotyping.(2020) Figueredo, Lida Jouca de Assis; Almeida, Isabela Neves de; Augusto, Claudio José; Soares, Valéria Martins; Suffys, Philip Noel; Carvalho, Wânia da Silva; Miranda, Silvana Spíndola deBackground: Heteroresistance is the coexistence of susceptible and resistant strains in the same individual, considered the preliminary step for total resistance, and can stem from mixed infection or clonal heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the heteroresistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to rifampicin and isoniazid and its characterization. Method: GenoType MTBDRplus®; Sanger sequencing of the rpoB, katG, and inhA genes; and Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit – Variable Number Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) were performed. Results: In a total of 654 isolates, 530 were resistant, 124 were susceptible, and 29 were heteroresistant to a first-line drug. GenoType MTBDRplus® detected heteroresistance in the rpoB gene in 26/29 (89.6%), as compared to 5/29 (17.2%) in the katG gene and 2/29 (6.8%) in the inhA gene. Four isolates showed heteroresistance in these genes. The Sanger sequencing detected heteroresistance in the rpoB gene in 7/29 (24.1%), as compared to 3/29 (10.3%) in the katG gene. In one isolate, heteroresistance was concomitant in both the rpoB and katG genes. MIRU-VNTR detected mixed infection in three heteroresistant isolates, while four isolates showed clonal heterogeneity. Conclusions: GenoType MTBDRplus® detected more cases of heteroresistance when compared to sequencing. It was also possible to characterize mixed infection and clonal heterogeneity by MIRU-VNTR.Item Cost analysis for patients with presumed pulmonary tuberculosis attended in the public health system of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.(2022) Vater, Maria Cláudia; Maximo, Mário Motta; Moreira, Adriana da Silva Rezende; Silva, Suely Conceição Alves da; Almeida, Isabela Neves de; Kritski, Afrânio LineuBackground: In last years, few attention has given to the patient’s prediagnostic costs when evaluating the introduction of new technologies for tuberculosis (TB) and in this context, this study evaluated patient’s costs and cost‑effectiveness incurred with TB diagnosis comparing BactecTMMGITTM960 system (MGIT) to the Löwestein–Jensen (LJ) culture in a health center and in a university hospital, in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil. Methods: Patient’s mean costs were evaluated during the diagnosis process and cost‑effectiveness based on mean time in days for the adoption of appropriate clinical anti‑TB treatment in two health units comparing culture by means LJ and MGIT. Results: The mean cost of LJ and MGIT in the health center was U. S. dollars (US$) 26.6 and US$ 45.13, respectively, and in university hospital was US$ 206.87 and US$ 285.48, respectively. Comparing the two approaches for TB diagnosis incurred by the patients, the incremental cost‑effectiveness of MGIT compared to LJ was US$ 0.88 and US$ 4.03 per patient, respectively, to reduce the average time to adopt appropriate treatment. Conclusions: The culture method directly impacts patient costs while waiting for the correct diagnosis and contributing to aggravating costs with patients with TB.Item Cost analysis of smear microscopy and the Xpert assay for tuberculosis diagnosis : average turnaround time.(2020) Figueredo, Lida Jouca de Assis; Miranda, Silvana Spíndola de; Santos, Lucas Benício dos; Manso, Caroline Gontijo Gonçalves; Soares, Valéria Martins; Alves, Suely; Vater, Maria Cláudia; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu; Carvalho, Wânia da Silva; Pádua, Cristiane Menezes de; Almeida, Isabela Neves deIntroduction: Rapid and accurate tuberculosis detection is critical for improving patient diagnosis and decreasing tuberculosis transmission. Molecular assays can significantly increase laboratory costs; therefore, the average time and economic impact should be evaluated before implementing a new technology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost and average turnaround time of smear microscopy and Xpert assay at a university hospital. Methods: The turnaround time and cost of the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis were calculated based on the mean cost and activity based costing (ABC). Results: The average turnaround time for smear microscopy was 16.6 hours while that for Xpert was 24.1 hours. The Xpert had a mean cost of USD 17.37 with an ABC of USD 10.86, while smear microscopy had a mean cost of USD 13.31 with an ABC of USD 6.01. The sensitivity of smear microscopy was 42.9% and its specificity was 99.1%, while the Xpert assay had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96.7%. Conclusions: The Xpert assay has high accuracy; however, the turnaround time and cost of smear microscopy were lower than those of Xpert.Item Cost-effectiveness of Xpert®MTB/RIF in the diagnosis of tuberculosis : pragmatic study.(2021) Silva, Suely Conceição Alves da; Vater, Maria Cláudia; Ramalho, Daniela Maria de Paula; Almeida, Isabela Neves de; Miranda, Silvana Spíndola de; Kritski, Afrânio LineuIntroduction: The intensification of research and innovation with the creation of networks of rapid and effective molecular tests as strategies for the end of tuberculosis are essential to avoid late diagnosis and for the eradication of the disease. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Xpert®MTB/RIF (Xpert) in the diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis in reference units, in scenarios with and without subsidies, and the respective cost adjustment for today. Methods: The analyses were performed considering as criterion of effectiveness, negative culture or clinical improvement in the sixth month of follow-up. The comparison was performed using two diagnostic strategies for the drug susceptibility test (DST), BactecTMMGITTM960 System, versus Xpert. The cost effectiveness and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated and dollar-corrected for American inflation (US$ 1.00 = R$ 5,29). Results: Subsidized Xpert had the lowest cost of US$ 33.48 (R$67,52) and the highest incremental average efficiency (13.57), thus being a dominated analysis. After the inflation was calculated, the mean cost was DST-MGIT=US$ 74.85 (R$ 396,73) and Xpert = US$ 37.33 (R$197,86) with subsidies. Conclusions: The Xpert in the diagnosis of TB-DR in these reference units was cost-effective with subsidies. In the absence of a subsidy, Xpert in TB-DR is not characterized as cost effective. This factor reveals the vulnerability of countries dependent on international organizations’ subsidy policies.Item Detection of drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strains using Kit SIRE Nitratase® : a multicenter study.(2020) Miranda, Silvana Spindola de; Almeida, Isabela Neves de; Mansur, Maria de Fátima Filardi Oliveira; Figueredo, Lida Jouca de Assis; Carvalho, Wânia da Silva; Hadaad, João Paulo Amaral; Diniz, Jaciara de Lourdes do Carmo Guimarães; Groll, Andrea von; Silva, Pedro Almeida da; Lopes, Maria Luiza; Santos, Marcelo Cordeiro dos; Brito, Alexandra; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz; Malaquias, Thiago da Silva Santos; Croda, Julio; Pinhata, Juliana Maira Watanabe; Oliveira, Rosângela Siqueira de; Chimara, Erica; Rossetti, Maria Lúcia; Halon, Maria Laura; Lourenço, Maria Cristina; Medeiros, Reginalda Ferreira de Melo; Montes, Fátima Cristina Onofre Fandinho; Machado, Diana; Viveiros, Miguel; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu(1) Background: The Commercial Kit SIRE Nitratase® PlastLabor, is a drug susceptibility test kit used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to first-line TB treatment drugs. The present study aimed at evaluating its performance in a multicenter study. (2) Methods: To determine its accuracy, the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or the BACTECTMMGITTM960 system was used as a gold standard. (3) Results: The study revealed that the respective accuracies of the kit with 190 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates, using the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or BACTECTMMGITTM960 system as a gold standard, were 93.9% and 94.6%, 96.9% and 94.6%, 98.0% and 97.8%, and 98.0% and 98.9%, for streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol, respectively. (4) Conclusion: Thus, the kit can rapidly screen resistance to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Additionally, it does not require sophisticated equipment; hence, it can be easily used in the laboratories of low and middle income countries.Item Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2 : uma revisão sistemática e o desenvolvimento de um biossensor com nanobastões de ouro.(2022) Dias, Bruna de Paula; Silva, Breno de Mello; Silva, Breno de Mello; Almeida, Isabela Neves de; Figueiredo, Rute Cunha; Rodrigues, Rodrigo Araújo Lima; Ruiz, Alessandra Cristina GomesDeterminadas infecções virais causam morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo e alguns surtos atraíram a atenção nos últimos tempos. No contexto da atual pandemia, a realização do diagnóstico rápido e preciso da COVID-19 é uma estratégia eficaz para o controle da doença, permitindo a triagem e garantindo a intervenção terapêutica oportuna. Frente a isso, diversos testes rápidos e a construção de biossensores foram desenvolvidos nos últimos tempos na busca de uma ferramenta de diagnóstico para serem usadas no ponto de atendimento. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho analisou relatórios científicos sobre testes rápidos para o diagnóstico de COVID-19 para avaliar seus parâmetros de confiabilidade e propôs desenvolver um biossensor com nanobastões de ouro para detecção de SARS-CoV-2. Para isso, termos ou palavras- chave referentes a testes de diagnóstico rápido e testes de ponto atendimento para SARS-CoV-2 e COVID-19 foram pesquisados em dados publicados de novembro de 2020 a novembro de 2021 nos bancos de dados PubMed e Google Scholar. Para o biossensor, a superfície dos nanobastões foi modificada com polietilenoimina e com anticorpos anti-SARS-CoV-2 (0,25 μg/mL) e testados em seguida contra diferentes concentrações do vírus. Nos relatórios científicos, foram observadas diferenças na sensibilidade entre os testes diretos que usaram amostras distintas, e uma boa acurácia em amostras com valores altos de Ct (RT-PCR). Também se observou falta de sensibilidade nos testes para detecção de anticorpos nos primeiros dias após a infecção, com valores crescentes na análise pós-infecção. Reação cruzada com outros patógenos foi relatada. A maioria dos testes analisados em nosso estudo ainda precisam ser aprimorados para testar a reatividade cruzada contra outros patógenos, principalmente contra outros coronavírus. No que se refere ao biossensor, os nanobastões foram sintetizados pelo método de crescimento com sementes usando hidroquinona como agente redutor e mostrou-se reprodutível e estável por um ano quando armazenado em geladeira. O biossensor proposto foi capaz de diferenciar o vírus alvo do controle apenas em concentrações mais altas do vírus (106 UFP/ml). O uso de Triton X-100 não se mostrou eficaz para melhorar a sensibilidade do biossensor, porém em amostras aquecidas os resultados se mostraram melhores quando comparados a amostras não aquecidas. Novos ensaios deverão ser realizados para o aprimoramento do desenvolvimento de um produto que explore adequadamente as propriedades únicas dos nanobastões de ouro.Item Evaluation of pulmonary tuberculosis diagnostic tests in children and adolescents at a pediatric reference center.(2022) Rossoni, Andrea Maciel de Oliveira; Lovero, Kathryn L.; Tahan, Tonny T.; Ruffino Netto, Antonio; Rossoni, Marssoni Deconto; Almeida, Isabela Neves de; Lizzi, Elisângela Aparecida da Silva; Kritski, Afranio Lineu; Rodrigues, Cristina O.This study compared the therapeutic potential of the chemotherapy using meglumine antimoniate encapsulated in a mixture of conventional and PEGylated liposomes (Nano Sbv ) and immunotherapy with anti-canine IL-10 receptor-blocking monoclonal antibody (Anti IL-10R) on canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Twenty mongrel dogs naturally infected by L. infantum, displaying clinical signs of visceral leishmaniasis were randomly divided in two groups. In the first one, nine dogs received six intravenous doses of a mixture of conventional and PEGylated liposomes containing meglumine antimoniate at 6.5 mg Sb/kg/dose. In the second one, eleven dogs received two intramuscular doses of 4 mg of anti-canine IL-10 receptor-blocking monoclonal antibody. The animals were evaluated before (T0) and 30, 90, and 180 days after treatments. Our major results demonstrated that both treatments were able to maintain hematological and biochemical parameters, increase circulating T lymphocytes subpopulations, increase the IFN-γ producing T-CD4 lymphocytes, restore the lymphoproliferative capacity and improve the clinical status. However, although these improvements were observed in the initial post-treatment times, they did not maintain until the end of the experimental follow-up. We believe that the use of booster doses or the association of chemotherapy and immunotherapy (immunochemotherapy) is promising to improve the effectiveness of treating CVL for improving the clinical signs and possibly reducing the parasite burden in dogs infected with Leishmania infantum.Item Factors associated with non-completion of latent tuberculosis infection treatment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil : a non-matched case control study.(2022) Aguiar, Roberta Marques de; Vieira, Maria Armanda Monteiro da Silva; Almeida, Isabela Neves de; Ramalho, Daniela Maria de Paula; Netto, Antonio Ruffino; Carvalho, Anna Cristina Calçada; Kritski, Afranio LineuIntroduction: There are scarce data on the routine latent tuberculosis infection treatment (LTBIT) and factors associated with a non-completion in high tuberculosis burden countries. Therefore, in this study we aimed to evaluate the factors associated with non-completion of LTBIT. Materials and methods: This was a non-matched case control study conducted at a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 114 cases and 404 controls were enrolled between January/1999 and December/2009. Cases were close contacts who did not complete the LTBIT and controls were the contacts that completed it. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate risk factors associated with non-completion of LTBIT among contacts in two different periods of recruitment. Results: Factors associated with non-completion LTBIT included: drug use (OR 23.33, 95% CI 1.83---296.1), TB treatment default by the index case (OR 16.97, 95% CI 3.63---79.24) and drug intolerance. TB disease rates after two years of follow up varied from 0.4% to 1.9%. The number necessary to treat to prevent one TB case among contacts was 116. Conclusions: Non-completion treatment by the index case and illicit drug use were associated with not completing latent tuberculosis infection treatment and no tuberculosis disease was identified among those who completed latent tuberculosis infection treatment.Item Factors associated with tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in patients treated at a tertiary referral hospital in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.(2020) Soares, Valéria Martins; Almeida, Isabela Neves de; Figueredo, Lida Jouca de Assis; Haddad, João Paulo Amaral; Oliveira, Camila Stefanie Fonseca de; Carvalho, Wânia da Silva; Miranda, Silvana Spíndola deObjective: To evaluate the risk factors for the development of tuberculosis and multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in patients treated at a tertiary referral hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on data obtained from patients treated at the Júlia Kubitschek Hospital, located in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, between October of 2012 and October of 2014. We evaluated sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, and radiological variables. The outcome considered to identify associations between tuberculosis and the explanatory variables was the treatment prescribed. To evaluate the associations between MDR-TB and the same explanatory variables, the change in MDR-TB treatment was considered. Results: The factors associated with tuberculosis were alcoholism, comorbidities, pulmonary cavitations, and a radiological pattern suggestive of tuberculosis. Cavitation and previous treatment for tuberculosis were associated with MDR-TB. Conclusions: Despite the significant progress made in the fight against tuberculosis, there is a need for coordinated actions that include social protection measures and patient support.Item Frequência de sepse neonatal do Brasil causada por streptococcus galactial : uma revisão.(2021) Ribeiro, Thaís Justi; Ferreira, Linziane Lopes; Ricci, Natasha Delaqua; Almeida, Isabela Neves deOBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência de sepse neonatal no Brasil causada por Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) a partir de dados da literatura. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura no período de 2005 a 2019 de trabalhos publicados no Brasil, e foi avaliado a frequência das seguintes variáveis: procedência dos pacientes, tipo de serviço de saúde, métodos de diagnóstico laboratorial, o número de casos, a média gestacional, realização da pesquisa de S. agalactiae no pré-natal, desfechos, e antimicrobianos utilizados. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 20 artigos publicados no Brasil nas regiões sul, sudeste, nordeste e centro oeste. A pesquisa pelo S. agalactiae durante o período do pré-natal foi realizada em 90% dos estudos, e a hemocultura em 20% dos estudos (4/20) que descreveram casos de sepse neonatal. Houve uma grande variação na frequência de casos por S. agalactiae, sendo encontrado uma média de 55,6 casos/ano, e em quatro foram descritos mais de 120 casos/ano. Neste estudo a maior parte dos desfechos foi favorável 97% (cura) em relação a 3% de óbitos e estes foram os desfechos avaliados. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo ressalta a importância da pesquisa do S. agalactiae nos exames laboratoriais do pré-natal, incorporação de novos métodos de diagnóstico laboratorial, a necessidade constante levantamentos na literatura, inquéritos epidemiológicos e estudos experimentais, como estratégias de controle e prevenção deste patógeno que se não controlado contribui para a ocorrência de altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade neonatal.Item Genotype®MTBDRplus and Xpert®MTB/RIF in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and resistant tuberculosis : cost analysis in a tertiary referral hospital.(2020) Soares, Valéria Martins; Almeida, Isabela Neves de; Vater, Maria Cláudia; Alves, Suely; Figueredo, Lida Jouca de Assis; Scherer, Luciene; Kritski, Afranio Lineu; Carvalho, Wânia da Silva; Miranda, Silvana Spindola deIntroduction: The present study sought to assess the mean and activity based cost (ABC) of the laboratory diagnosis for tuberculosis through the application of conventional and molecular techniques—Xpert®MTB/RIF and Genotype®MTBDRplus—in a tertiary referral hospital in Brazil. Methods: The mean cost and ABC formed the basis for the cost analysis of the TB laboratory diagnosis. Results: The mean cost and ABC were US$ 4.00 and US$ 3.24, respectively, for a bacilloscopy; US$ 6.73 and US$ 5.27 for a Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture; US$ 105.42 and US$ 76.56 for a drug sensitivity test (DST)–proportions method (PM) in LJ; US$ 148.45 and US$ 136.80 for a DST–BACTECTM MGITTM 960 system; US$ 11.53 and US$ 9.89 for an Xpert®MTB/RIF; and US$ 84.21 and US$ 48.38 for a Genotype®MTBDRplus. Conclusions: The mean cost and ABC proved to be good decision-making parameters in the diagnosis of TB and MDR-TB. The effective implementation of algorithms will depend on the conditions at each location.Item Impact of a computer system as a triage tool in the management of pulmonary tuberculosis in a HIV reference center in Brazil.(2022) Libório, Mariana Pitombeira; Kritski, Afrânio; Almeida, Isabela Neves de; Miranda, Pryscila Fernandes Campino; Mesquita, Jacó Ricarte Lima de; Mota, Rosa Maria Salani; Sousa, George Jó Bezerra; Neto, Roberto da Justa Pires; Leitão, Terezinha do Menino Jesus SilvaBackground: The Neural Clinical Score for tuberculosis (NCS-TB) is a computer system developed to improve the triage of presumed pulmonary TB (pPTB). Methods: A study was performed with cohorts of pPTB patients cared for at a reference hospital in Northeast Brazil. Results: The NCS-TB sensitivity was 76.5% for TB diagnosis, which shortened the time from triage to smear microscopy results (3.3 to 2.5 days; p<0.001) and therapy initiation (6.7 to 4.1 days; p=0.045). Conclusions: Although the NCS-TB was not suitable as a screening tool, it was able to optimize laboratory diagnosis and shorten the time to treatment initiation.Item Mapping the tuberculosis scientific landscape among BRICS countries : a bibliometric and network analysis.(2020) Castor, Kamaiaji; Mota, Fabio Batista; Silva, Roseli Monteiro da; Cabral, Bernardo Pereira; Maciel, Ethel Leonor; Almeida, Isabela Neves de; Arakaki Sanchez, Denise; Andrade, Kleydson Bonfim; Testov, Vadim; Vasilyeva, Irina; Zhao, Yanlin; Zhang, Hui; Singh, Manjula; Rao, Raghuram; Tripathy, Srikanth; Gray, Glenda; Padayatchi, Nesri; Bhagwandin, Niresh; Swaminathan, Soumya; Kasaeva, Tereza; Kritski, Afranio LineuBACKGROUND The five BRICS (Brazil, Russian, Indian, China, and South Africa) countries bear 49% of the world’s tuberculosis (TB) burden and they are committed to ending tuberculosis. OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to map the scientific landscape related to TB research in BRICS countries. METHODS Were combined bibliometrics and social network analysis techniques to map the scientific publications related to TB produced by the BRICS. Was made a descriptive statistical data covering the full period of analysis (1993-2016) and the research networks were made for 2007-2016 (8,366 records). The bubble charts were generated by VantagePoint and the networks by the Gephi 0.9.1 software (Gephi Consortium 2010) from co-occurrence matrices produced in VantagePoint. The Fruchterman- Reingold algorithm provided the networks’ layout. FINDINGS During the period 1993-2016, there were 38,315 peer-reviewed, among them, there were 11,018 (28.7%) articles related by one or more authors in a BRICS: India 38.7%; China 23.8%; South Africa 21.1%; Brazil 13.0%; and Russia 4.5% (The total was greater than 100% because our criterion was all papers with at least one author in a BRICS). Among the BRICS, there was greater interaction between India and South Africa and organisations in India and China had the highest productivity; however, South African organisations had more interaction with countries outside the BRICS. Publications by and about BRICS generally covered all research areas, especially those in India and China covered all research areas, although Brazil and South Africa prioritised infectious diseases, microbiology, and the respiratory system. MAIN CONCLUSIONS An overview of BRICS scientific publications and interactions highlighted the necessity to develop a BRICS TB research plan to increase efforts and funding to ensure that basic science research successfully translates into products and policies to help end the TB epidemic.Item Molecular characterization of nontuberculous Mycobacteria in a tuberculosis and HIV reference unit in the State of Amazonas, Brazil.(2022) Lima, Ana Carolina de Oliveira de; Schmid, Karen Barros; Melo, Hilda Ferreira de; Athayde, Rafaella Christine; Monte, Rossiclea Lins; Almeida, Isabela Neves de; Miranda, Silvana Spíndola de; Kritski, Afrânio; Rossetti, Maria Lucia Rosa; Santos, Marcelo Cordeiro dosBackground: In recent years, the prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections has increased in different regions of the world. The American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommends standardized identification criteria, reinforcing the need for faster and less complicated clinical and laboratory techniques. Methods: In this retrospective study, NTM species isolated from pulmonary, extrapulmonary, and disseminated samples from patients treated at a TB/HIV reference unit in the State of Amazonas from 2011 to 2014 were identified through a combination of molecular techniques. Results: To identify the molecular technique, 50 cryopreserved NTM cultures were recovered and subcultivated in culture medium. The potentially pathogenic NTM species identified were M. avium, M. intracellulare, M. kansasii, M. chelonae, M. abscessus, M. fortuitum, and M. peregrinum. Results of GenoType® showed moderate agreement with those of genomic sequencing (kappa = 0.60), whereas the results obtained by the PRA-hsp65 technique disagreed with the results obtained by sequencing (kappa = 0.49). Conclusions: Our findings highlight that GenoType CM is a good method for the identification of NTM, as well as the need for the application of standardized criteria, such as those set forth by the ATS.Item Pulmonary functional assessment : longitudinal study after treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.(2021) Nishi, Marina Pires; Mancuzo, Eliane Viana; Sulmonett, Nara; Almeida, Isabela Neves de; César, Aina Liz Alves; Miranda, Silvana Spíndola deEven when treated adequately, pulmonary tuberculosis can lead to pulmonary sequelae. Patients treated for PTB between 2012 and 2016 answered a standardized questionnaire and underwent chest radiography and spirometry, measurement of absolute pulmonary volume, Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) and the 6-min walk test (6MWT) on two occasions: within the first year after the end of treatment (follow-up 1), and one and two years after follow-up 1 (follow-up 2). A total of 55 patients they underwent spirometry, 23 (41.82%) had obstructive ventilatory disorder (OVD) and eight (14.5%) had moderate OVD. In total, 29 patients underwent pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and 24 patients underwent the 6MWT on two occasions. The functional changes after PTB treatment appear not to have varied between one and two years of follow-up. There was a correlation between low FEV1 and low DLCO (p<0.001); low DLCO and low 6MWT (p<0.001) and radiographic abnormalities and low FEV1 (p=0.033). The most frequently observed change in spirometry was found in patients with OVD.Item Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA and genetic markers for Isoniazid resistance in Ziehl-Neelsen stained slides.(2020) Bello, Graziele Lima; Morais, Franciele Costa Leite; Jesus, Sheile Pinheiro de; Wolf, Jonas Michel; Gehlen, Mirela; Almeida, Isabela Neves de; Figueiredo, Lida Jouca de Assis; Soares, Tainá dos Santos; Barcellos, Regina Bones; Costa, Elis Regina Dalla; Miranda, Silvana Spíndola de; Rossetti, Maria Lucia RosaBACKGROUND Early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and identification of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to anti- TB drugs are considered the main factors for disease control. OBJECTIVES To standardise a real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay technique and apply it to identify mutations involved in M. tuberculosis resistance to Isoniazid (INH) directly in Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stained slides. METHODS Were analysed 55 independent DNA samples extracted from clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis by sequencing. For application in TB diagnosis resistance, 59 ZN-stained slides were used. The sensitivity, specificity and Kappa index, with a 95% confidence interval (CI95%), were determined. FINDINGS The agreement between the tests was, for the katG target, the Kappa index of 0.89 (CI95%: 0.7-1.0). The sensitivity and specificity were 97.6% (CI95%: 87.7-99.9) and 91.7% (CI95%: 61.5-99.5), respectively. For inhA, the Kappa index was 0.92 (CI95%: 0.8-1.0), the sensitivity and specificity were 94.4% (CI95%: 72.7-99.8) and 97.3% (CI95%: 85.8-99.9), respectively. The use of ZN- stained slides for drug-resistant TB detection showed significant results when compared to other standard tests for drug resistance. MAIN CONCLUSIONS qPCR genotyping proved to be an efficient method to detect genes that confer M. tuberculosis resistance to INH. Thus, qPCR genotyping may be an alternative instead of sequencing.Item Serum biomarkers in patients with unilateral or bilateral active pulmonary tuberculosis : immunological networks and promising diagnostic applications.(2023) Pascoal, Vanessa Peruhype Magalhães; Araújo, Fernanda Fortes de; Papini, Tatiane Figueiredo de Morais; Wendling, Ana Paula Barbosa; Azevedo, Ana Carolina Campi; Reis, Jordana Grazziela Alves Coelho dos; Almeida, Isabela Neves de; Antonnelli, Lis Ribeiro do Valle; Amaral, Laurence Rodrigues do; Gomes, Matheus de Souza; Sousa, Joaquim Pedro Brito de; Santos, Silvana Maria Elói; Augusto, Valéria Maria; Dalcolmo, Margareth Maria Pretti; Carneiro, Cláudia Martins; Carvalho, Andréa Teixeira de; Martins Filho, Olindo AssisThe present observational study was designed to characterize the integrative profile of serum soluble mediators to describe the immunological networks associated with clinical findings and identify putative biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of active tuberculosis. The study population comprises 163 volunteers, including 84 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis/(TB), and 79 controls/(C). Soluble mediators were measured by multiplexed assay. Data analysis demonstrated that the levels of CCL3, CCL5, CXCL10, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-1Ra, IL-4, IL-10, PDGF, VEGF, G-CSF, IL-7 were increased in TB as compared to C. Patients with bilateral pulmonary involvement/(TB-BI) exhibited higher levels of CXCL8, IL-6 and TNF with distinct biomarker signatures (CCL11, CCL2, TNF and IL-10) as compared to patients with unilateral infiltrates/(TB-UNI). Analysis of biomarker networks based in correlation power graph demonstrated small number of strong connections in TB and TB-BI. The search for biomarkers with relevant implications to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms and useful as complementary diagnosis tool of active TB pointed out the excellent performance of single analysis of IL-6 or CXCL10 and the stepwise combination of IL-6 → CXCL10 (Accuracy = 84 %; 80 % and 88 %, respectively). Together, our finding demonstrated that immunological networks of serum soluble biomarkers in TB patients differ according to the unilateral or bilateral pulmonary involvement and may have relevant implications to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the clinical outcome of Mtb infection.Item The activity-based cost of drug-susceptibility test of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through Kit SIRE Nitratase® plastlabor.(2020) Almeida, Isabela Neves de; Silva, Suely Conceição Alves da; Oliveira Junior, Haliton Alves de; Figueredo, Lida Jouca de Assis; Soares, Valéria Martins; Carvalho, Wânia da Silva; Kritski, Afrânio; Fiori, Maria Cláudia da Silva Vater da Costa; Miranda, Silvana Spíndola deBackground: Drug‐resistant tuberculosis (TB) is an ongoing health threat, and the greatest challenge to adequate control of TB in many countries lies in the lack of proper laboratory drug‐susceptibility test. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity‐based costs (ABC) of Kit SIRE Nitratase® (Kit SIRE) and compare its values with the conventional drug‐susceptibility test. Methods: The ABC was calculated for three different approaches: Kit SIRE (clinical samples and cultures), proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen (PM‐LJ), and the BactecTM MGITTM 960 system based on Mycobacterial Research Laboratory’s routine. Results: The ABC of Kit SIRE from cultures was US$ 148.54, while from clinical samples was US$ 136.12. In the case of conventional tests, the ABC of BactecTM MGITTM 960 was US$ 227.63 and of the PM‐LJ was US$ 132.64. The Kit SIRE has a lower ABC when clinical samples are used instead of cultures. Compared to conventional tests, the ABC is similar to the PM‐LJ and lower the BactecTM MGITTM 960. Conclusion: The Kit SIRE should be used as a screening method in clinical specimens and in culture for laboratories that do not have BactecTM MGITTM 960. Therefore, it can be incorporated into the routine of laboratories in countries with low resources and a high burden of TB and drug‐resistant TB.